Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezidityanisiweyo Umfanekiso obonisiweyo

Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-LSAW esemgangathweni ophezulu edityanisiweyo ixesha elide

Inkcazo emfutshane:

Amagama angundoqo:Umbhobho wentsimbi ye-LSAW, umbhobho odibeneyo we-longitudinal, umbhobho wentsimbi ye-SAWL

Ubungakanani:I-OD: Ii-intshi ezili-16 - ii-intshi ezingama-80, i-DN350mm - i-DN2000mm.

Ubukhulu bodonga:6mm-50mm.

Ubude:I-Single Random, i-Double Random kunye nobude obulungiselelwe wena ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-48.

Isiphelo:Isiphelo Esicacileyo, Isiphelo Esinezithende.

Ukwaleka/Ukupeyinta:Ukupenda Okumnyama, Ukwaleka kwe-3LPE, Ukwaleka kwe-Epoxy, Ukwaleka kwe-Coal Tar Enamel (CTE), Ukwaleka kwe-Fusion-Bonded Epoxy, Ukwaleka kweConcrete Weight, Ukwaleka kwe-Hot-Dip Galvanization njl.njl.…

Imigangatho yemibhobho:PI 5L PSL1/PSL2 Gr.A, Gr.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, ASTM A53/A252/A500/A672/A691/A139, EN10210/EN10210/EN10219/EN7 AS1163/JIS G3457 njl...

Ukuhanjiswa:Kwiintsuku ezingama-20-30 kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beodolo yakho, Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifumanekayo kwisitokhwe.

Thumela i-imeyile kuthi Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iithegi zeMveliso

Ingcaciso yeMveliso

Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) luhlobo lombhobho wentsimbi odibeneyo ophawulwa yinkqubo yawo yokuvelisa eyahlukileyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ezi payipi zenziwe ngokwenza ipleyiti yentsimbi ibe yimo ye-cylindrical kwaye idityaniswe ngobude kusetyenziswa iindlela zokudityanisa i-arc engaphantsi komhlaba. Nantsi ingcaciso ngokubanzi yeepayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW:

Inkqubo yoMveliso:
● Ukulungiswa kwePlate: Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile, ukuqinisekisa iipropati zoomatshini ezifunekayo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali.
● Ukwakheka: Ipleyiti yentsimbi ibunjwe ibe yipayipi esisilinda ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana nokugoba, ukuqengqeleka, okanye ukucinezela (i-JCOE kunye ne-UOE). Imiphetho igobile kwangaphambili ukuze kube lula ukuwelda.
● Ukuwelda: Kusetyenziswa ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi komhlaba (SAW), apho i-arc igcinwa phantsi komaleko we-flux. Oku kuvelisa ukuwelda okusemgangathweni ophezulu okuneempazamo ezincinci kunye nokudibanisa okuhle kakhulu.
● Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic: Emva kokuwelda, uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe naziphi na iziphene zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle kwindawo yokuwelda.
● Ukwandisa: Umbhobho ungandiswa ukuze kufikelelwe kububanzi obufunekayo kunye nobukhulu bodonga, nto leyo ephucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu.
● Uhlolo lokugqibela: Uvavanyo olupheleleyo, oluquka ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukujonga ubungakanani, kunye novavanyo lweempawu zoomatshini, luqinisekisa umgangatho wombhobho.

Iingenelo:
● Ukonga iindleko: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zibonelela ngesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kwiipayipi ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo ngenxa yenkqubo yazo yokuvelisa esebenza kakuhle.
● Amandla Aphezulu: Indlela yokuwelda ende iphumela kwiipayipi ezineempawu zoomatshini eziqinileyo nezifanayo.
● Ukuchaneka kobukhulu: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zibonisa ubukhulu obuchanekileyo, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ukusetyenziswa ngokunyamezela okungqongqo.
● Umgangatho weWeld: Ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi komhlaba kuvelisa ukuwelda okusemgangathweni ophezulu okune-fusion entle kakhulu kunye neziphene ezincinci.
● Ukuguquguquka: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ioyile negesi, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuba ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide.

Ngamafutshane, iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW zenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo echanekileyo nesebenzayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iipayipi eziguquguqukayo, ezingabizi kakhulu, nezihlala ixesha elide ezifanelekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino.

Iinkcukacha

I-API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80

I-ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3

EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H

EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H

I-ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B

EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2

DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0

I-AS/NZS 1163: Ibanga C250, Ibanga C350, Ibanga C450

GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485

I-ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ100

Uluhlu lweMveliso

Ububanzi obungaphandle		Ubukhulu bodonga obufumanekayo ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lentsimbi
Intshi	mm	Ibanga lentsimbi
Intshi	mm	L245(Gr.B)	L290(X42)	L360(X52)	L415(X60)	L450(X65)	L485(X70)	L555(X80)
16	406	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-45.0mm	6.0-40mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
18	457	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-45.0mm	6.0-40mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
20	508	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-45.0mm	6.0-40mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
22	559	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-50.0mm	6.0-45.0mm	6.0-43mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
24	610	6.0-57.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-45.0mm	6.0-43mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
26	660	6.0-57.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-43mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
28	711	6.0-57.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-55.0mm	6.0-48.0mm	6.0-43mm	6.0-31.8mm	6.0-29.5mm
30	762	7.0-60.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-48.0mm	7.0-47.0mm	7.0-35mm	7.0-32.0mm
32	813	7.0-60.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-48.0mm	7.0-47.0mm	7.0-35mm	7.0-32.0mm
34	864	7.0-60.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-58.0mm	7.0-48.0mm	7.0-47.0mm	7.0-35mm	7.0-32.0mm
36	914	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-52.0mm	8.0-47.0mm	8.0-35mm	8.0-32.0mm
38	965	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-52.0mm	8.0-47.0mm	8.0-35mm	8.0-32.0mm
40	1016	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-52.0mm	8.0-47.0mm	8.0-35mm	8.0-32.0mm
42	1067	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-60.0mm	8.0-52.0mm	8.0-47.0mm	8.0-35mm	8.0-32.0mm
44	1118	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-52.0mm	9.0-47.0mm	9.0-35mm	9.0-32.0mm
46	1168	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-52.0mm	9.0-47.0mm	9.0-35mm	9.0-32.0mm
48	1219	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-52.0mm	9.0-47.0mm	9.0-35mm	9.0-32.0mm
52	1321	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-60.0mm	9.0-52.0mm	9.0-47.0mm	9.0-35mm	9.0-32.0mm
56	1422	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-52mm	10.0-47.0mm	10.0-35mm	10.0-32.0mm
60	1524	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-52mm	10.0-47.0mm	10.0-35mm	10.0-32.0mm
64	1626	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-52mm	10.0-47.0mm	10.0-35mm	10.0-32.0mm
68	1727	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-52mm	10.0-47.0mm	10.0-35mm	10.0-32.0mm
72	1829	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-60.0mm	10.0-52mm	10.0-47.0mm	10.0-35mm	10.0-32.0mm

* Ezinye iisayizi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso emva kwengxoxo

Ukwakhiwa kweeKhemikhali kunye neeMpawu zoMatshini zePipe yeNtsimbi ye-LSAW

Umgangatho	Ibanga	Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali (ubuninzi)%					Iipropati zoomatshini (umzuzu)
Umgangatho	Ibanga	C	Mn	Si	S	P	Amandla emveliso (i-Mpa)	Amandla okuThamba (i-Mpa)
GB/T700-2006	A	0.22	1.4	0.35	0.050	0.045	235	370
	B	0.2	1.4	0.35	0.045	0.045	235	370
	C	0.17	1.4	0.35	0.040	0.040	235	370
	D	0.17	1.4	0.35	0.035	0.035	235	370
GB/T1591-2009	A	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.035	0.035	345	470
	B	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.030	0.030	345	470
	C	0.2	1.7	0.5	0.030	0.030	345	470
I-BS EN10025	S235JR	0.17	1.4	-	0.035	0.035	235	360
	S275JR	0.21	1.5	-	0.035	0.035	275	410
	S355JR	0.24	1.6	-	0.035	0.035	355	470
I-DIN 17100	ST37-2	0.2	-	-	0.050	0.050	225	340
	ST44-2	0.21	-	-	0.050	0.050	265	410
	ST52-3	0.2	1.6	0.55	0.040	0.040	345	490
I-JIS G3101	SS400	-	-	-	0.050	0.050	235	400
I-JIS G3101	SS490	-	-	-	0.050	0.050	275	490
I-API 5L PSL1	A	0.22	0.9	-	0.03	0.03	210	335
	B	0.26	1.2	-	0.03	0.03	245	415
	X42	0.26	1.3	-	0.03	0.03	290	415
	X46	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	320	435
	X52	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	360	460
	X56	0.26	1.1	-	0.03	0.03	390	490
	X60	0.26	1.4	-	0.03	0.03	415	520
	X65	0.26	1.45	-	0.03	0.03	450	535
	X70	0.26	1.65	-	0.03	0.03	585	570

Imigangatho kunye neBanga

Umgangatho	Amanqanaba eNsimbi
I-API 5L: Inkcazo yePipe yoMgca	GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80
I-ASTM A252: Inkcazo esemgangathweni yeePile zeMbhobho zeNsimbi eziWelded nezingenamthungo	GR.1, GR.2, GR.3
I-EN 10219-1: Amacandelo angaphakathi adibeneyo afakwe kwisakhiwo esibandayo seentsimbi ezingezizo i-alloy kunye neentsimbi ezincinci	S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H
I-EN10210: Amacandelo ashushu agqityiweyo olwakhiwo olungenanto yokuxuba kunye neentsimbi zengqolowa ezintle	S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H
I-ASTM A53/A53M: Ipayipi, Intsimbi, Imnyama kwaye Itshisiwe, Igqunywe ngeZinc, Idityanisiwe kwaye Ayinamthungo	GR.A, GR.B
EN10208: Iipayipi zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zothutho lweepayipi kwimizi-mveliso yepetroliyam negesi yendalo.	L210GA, L235GA, L245GA, L290GA, L360GA
EN 10217: Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo	P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2
I-DIN 2458: Iipayipi zentsimbi edibeneyo kunye neetyhubhu	I-St37.0, I-St44.0, I-St52.0
I-AS/NZS 1163: Umgangatho wase-Australia/waseNew Zealand weeCandelo zeNsimbi eziMgobo ezenziwe ngeNsimbi	Ibanga C250 , Ibanga C350 , Ibanga C450
GB/T 9711: Amashishini ePetroleum neGesi yendalo - Umbhobho weNtsimbi weeMibhobho	L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485
I-ASTM A671: Umbhobho wentsimbi odibeneyo ngombane ukuze kusetyenziswe amaqondo obushushu aphantsi naphakathi komoya	I-CA 55, CB 60, CB 65, CB 70, CC 60, CC 65, CC 70
I-ASTM A672: Umbhobho wentsimbi odityaniswe ngombane odityaniswe ngombane ukuze kusetyenziswe uxinzelelo oluphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi.	A45, A50, A55, B60, B65, B70, C55, C60, C65
I-ASTM A691: Umbhobho wesinyithi wekhabhoni kunye ne-alloy, odityaniswe ngombane ukuze usetyenziswe xa kushushu kakhulu.	I-CM-65, I-CM-70, I-CM-75, I-1/2CR-1/2MO, I-1CR-1/2MO, I-2-1/4CR, 3CR

Inkqubo yoMveliso

Ulawulo lwemeko

● Ukujonga Izinto Ezingasetyenzwanga
● Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali
● Uvavanyo lweMishini
● Ukuhlolwa koMbono
● Ukujonga Ubungakanani
● Uvavanyo lokugoba
● Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo
● Uvavanyo lokuGqobhoka phakathi kweegranular
● Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo (UT, MT, PT)
● Isiqinisekiso seNkqubo yokuWelda

● Uhlalutyo lweMicrstructure
● Uvavanyo lokuGqiba nokuQoqa
● Uvavanyo loBulukhuni
● Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
● Uvavanyo lweMetallography
● Uvavanyo lokuqhekeka olubangelwa yiHydrogen (HIC)
● Uvavanyo lokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-sulfide (SSC)
● Uvavanyo lwangoku luka-Eddy
● Ukuhlolwa kokupeyinta kunye nokugquma
● Uhlolo lwamaxwebhu

Ukusetyenziswa kunye neSicelo

Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yobuchule bazo bokwakha kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweepayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW:
● Uthutho lweoyile negesi: Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweoyile negesi kwiinkqubo zemibhobho. Ezi pipes zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioyile eluhlaza, igesi yendalo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma kulwelo okanye iigesi.
● Iziseko Zophuhliso Lwamanzi: Imibhobho ye-LSAW isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezinxulumene namanzi, kuquka ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi.
● Ukucubungula iikhemikhali: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zisebenza kumashishini eekhemikhali apho zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iikhemikhali, ulwelo kunye neegesi ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo.
● Ulwakhiwo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso: Le mibhobho isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, ezifana neziseko zokwakha, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwizakhiwo.
● Ukufaka iipayipi: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zokufaka iipayipi ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesiseko kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, kuquka iziseko zokwakha kunye nezakhiwo zaselwandle.
● Icandelo laMandla: Zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla, kuquka umphunga kunye nolwelo olushushu kwizityalo zokuvelisa umbane.
● Ukwemba: Imibhobho ye-LSAW isetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zezemigodi zokuhambisa izinto kunye neentsalela.
● Iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso: Amashishini afana nokuvelisa nokuvelisa asebenzisa iipayipi ze-LSAW kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kuquka ukuhambisa izinto ezikrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo.
● Uphuhliso lweZiseko zoPhuhliso: Ezi mbhobho zibalulekile ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezifana neendlela, iindlela ezinkulu, kunye neenkonzo ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
● Inkxaso yoLwakhiwo: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhaso zolwakhiwo, iikholamu, kunye neebhili kwiprojekthi zokwakha nezobunjineli.
● Ukwakha iinqanawa: Kwishishini lokwakha iinqanawa, iipayipi ze-LSAW zisetyenziselwa ukwakha iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa, kuquka iinqanawa kunye nezinto zokwakha.
● Ishishini leeMoto: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zingasetyenziswa ekwenzeni izinto zeemoto, kuquka neenkqubo zokukhupha umoya.

Ezi zicelo zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-LSAW kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, amandla ayo, kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.

Ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela

Ukupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi inkcazo yeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokupakisha kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-LSAW:

Ukupakisha:
● Ukubopha: Iipayipi ze-LSAW zihlala zihlanganiswa okanye zipakishwe ngeSingle Piece kusetyenziswa imitya yentsimbi okanye iibhendi ukwenza iiyunithi ezilawulekayo zokuphatha nezokuthutha.
● Ukhuseleko: Iziphelo zemibhobho zikhuselwe ngemivalo yeplastiki ukuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lokuhamba. Ukongeza, imibhobho inokugqunywa ngezinto zokukhusela ukukhusela kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.
● Ukwaleka Okuchasene Nokugqwala: Ukuba imibhobho inekwaleka okuchasene nokugqwala, ukuthembeka kokwaleka kuyaqinisekiswa ngexesha lokupakisha ukuthintela umonakalo ngexesha lokuphathwa nokuthuthwa.
● Ukuphawula kunye nokuLebhelisha: Iphakheji nganye ineelebheli ezineenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ezifana nobukhulu bombhobho, umgangatho wezinto, inombolo yobushushu, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda.
● Ukubopha: Iibhanti zibotshelelwa ngokuqinileyo kwiipalethi okanye kwiiskidi ukuthintela intshukumo ngexesha lokuthuthwa.

Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
● Iindlela Zothutho: Iipayipi zentsimbi ze-LSAW zingathunyelwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho, kuquka indlela, uloliwe, ulwandle, okanye umoya, kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo kunye nongxamiseko.
● Ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina: Iipayipi zingathunyelwa kwiikhonteyina ukuze zikhuseleke ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa kuthuthwa phesheya kolwandle. Iikhonteyina ziyalayishwa kwaye ziqiniswe ukuze zingashukumi ngexesha lokuthuthwa.
● Amaqabane eLogistics: Iinkampani okanye abathwali bempahla abaziwayo abanamava okuphatha imibhobho yentsimbi bayabandakanyeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
● Amaxwebhu eerhafu: Amaxwebhu ayimfuneko eerhafu, kuquka amaphepha okuthumela impahla, izatifikethi zemvelaphi, kunye namanye amaphepha afanelekileyo, ayalungiswa aze angeniswe ukuze athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.
● I-inshorensi: Ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso kunye nohlobo lomthwalo, i-inshorensi inokulungiselelwa ukukhusela kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lokuhamba.
● Ukulandelela: Iinkqubo zokulandelela zanamhlanje zivumela umthumeli kunye nomamkeli ukuba balandelele inkqubela yokuthunyelwa ngexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ifihlakeleyo kwaye uhlaziyo lufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
● Ukuhanjiswa: Imibhobho ikhutshwa kwindawo eya kuyo, kulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha impahla ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo.
● Ukuhlolwa: Xa ifika, imibhobho inokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa imeko yayo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo nemimiselo ngaphambi kokuba yamkelwe ngumntu oza kuyifumana.

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha nokuthumela impahla zinceda ekuthinteleni umonakalo, zigcine ukuthembeka kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-LSAW, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ifika kwindawo ezicetywayo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ikwimeko efanelekileyo.