Imibhobho ye-OCGubukhulu becala zisetyenziselwa ukugrumba ioli nerhasi kunye nokuthutha ioyile nerhasi.Iquka imibhobho yokwemba ioli, iingxowa zeoli, nemibhobho yokutsalwa kweoli.Imibhobho ye-OCGzisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukudibanisa iikhola zokomba kunye namasuntswana okomba kunye nokuhambisa amandla okomba.I-petroleum casing isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-wellbore ngexesha lokugaya kwaye emva kokugqitywa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweoli yeoli ngexesha lokugaya kwaye emva kokugqitywa.I-oyile kunye negesi ephantsi kwe-oyile ye-oyile ngokuyinhloko ihanjiswa phezulu ngombhobho wokupompa i-oyile.
I-oyile ye-oyile yindlela yokuphila yokugcina ukusebenza kwemithombo yeoli.Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, imeko yoxinzelelo ephantsi komhlaba intsonkothile, kwaye iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zoxinzelelo, ukucinezelwa, ukugoba, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-torsion kumzimba we-casing zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho we-casing ngokwayo.Nje ukuba i-casing ngokwayo yonakaliswe ngenxa yesizathu esithile, inokukhokelela ekunciphiseni imveliso okanye nokuchithwa kwequla lonke.
Ngokwamandla ensimbi ngokwayo, i-casing inokwahlulwa ibe ngamabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi, oko kukuthi, i-J55, i-K55, i-N80, i-L80, i-C90, i-T95, i-P110, i-Q125, i-V150, njl njl. nobunzulu.Kwiindawo ezonakalisayo, kuyafuneka ukuba i-casing ngokwayo inokumelana nokukhula.Kwiindawo ezineemeko zejoloji ezintsonkothileyo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba i-casing ine-anti collapse performance.
I.ulwazi olusisiseko OCTG Umbhobho
1, Amagama akhethekileyo anxulumene nengcaciso yombhobho wepetroleum
API: sisishunqulelo seAmerican Petroleum Institute.
I-OCTG: Sisishunqulelo se-Oil Country Tubular Goods, oku kuthetha ukuba i-oyile-ityhubhu ethile, kuquka i-oyile egqityiweyo, i-drill pipe, i-drill collars, i-hoops, i-joints emfutshane njalo njalo.
I-Oil Tubing: Iityhubhu ezisetyenziswa kwimithombo yeoli yokutsalwa kwe-oyile, ukutsalwa kwerhasi, inaliti yamanzi kunye nokuqhekeka kweasidi.
I-Casing: Iityhubhu ezithotywa ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba ukuya kumngxuma wequla eligrunjiweyo njengelinen ukuthintela ukudilika kodonga lwequla.
Umbhobho wokomba: Umbhobho osetyenziselwa ukugrumba amaqula.
Umbhobho womgca: Umbhobho osetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioli okanye igesi.
Izangqa: Iisilinda ezisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho emibini enemisonto ngemisonto yangaphakathi.
Izinto zokudityaniswa: Umbhobho osetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amaqhina.
Iintambo ze-API: Iintambo zombhobho ezichazwe ngumgangatho we-API 5B, kubandakanywa iintambo ze-oyile ezijikelezayo, i-casing short thread threads, i-casing long round threads, i-casing offset trapezoidal threads, intambo yombhobho womgca kunye nokunye.
I-Buckle ekhethekileyo: Imicu ye-Non-API eneempawu ezikhethekileyo zokutywina, iipropati zokudibanisa kunye nezinye iipropati.
Ukungaphumeleli: i-deformation, i-fracture, umonakalo ophezulu kunye nokulahlekelwa komsebenzi wokuqala phantsi kweemeko ezithile zenkonzo.Iifom eziphambili zokungaphumeleli kwe-oyile ye-oyile zezi: i-extrusion, i-slippage, i-rupture, i-leakge, i-corrosion, i-bonding, i-wear and so on.
2, imigangatho enxulumene nePetroleum
I-API 5CT: Ukucaciswa kweCasing kunye neTubing (okwangoku inguqulelo yamva nje ye-8th edition)
I-API 5D: Inkcazo yombhobho woYila (uguqulelo lwamva nje lwe-5th edition)
I-API 5L: inkcazo yombhobho wentsimbi yombhobho (uguqulelo lwamva nje lwe-44th edition)
I-API 5B: Ukucaciswa komatshini, ukulinganisa kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-casing, umbhobho we-oyile kunye neentambo zemibhobho yomgca
I-GB/T 9711.1-1997: Iimeko zobugcisa zokuhanjiswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi yokuthutha i-oyile kunye ne-gas industry Part 1: IBanga A iipayipi zentsimbi
I-GB/T9711.2-1999: Iimeko zobugcisa zokuhanjiswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi yokuthutha i-oyile kunye ne-gas industry Part 2: IBanga B iipayipi zentsimbi
I-GB/T9711.3-2005: Iimeko zobuGcisa zokuNikezelwa kweMibhobho yeNsimbi yokuThuthwa kwePetroleum kunye neGesi yeNdalo kwiNdawo yeSigaba 3: IBanga C lePipe yeNsimbi
Ⅱ.Umbhobho weoyile
1. Ukuhlelwa kwemibhobho yeoli
Imibhobho ye-oyile yahlulahlulwe yaba yi-tubing engaguqukiyo (i-NU), i-External Upset (EU) ityhubhu, kunye ne- integral joint tubing.Ityhubhu eNgaphazamisekiyo ibhekisa kwisiphelo sombhobho othungelwe ngaphandle kokuqina kwaye uxhotyiswe ngokudibanisa.Ityhubhu yaNgaphandle yokuPhuculwa ibhekiselele kwiziphelo zemibhobho emibini eye yajiya ngaphandle, yaze yadityaniswa yaza yafakelwa iintambo.Ityhubhu edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo ibhekiselele kumbhobho odityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokudityaniswa, kunye nesiphelo esinye esithungelwe ngomsonto wangaphandle ojiyileyo wangaphakathi kunye nesinye isiphelo esithungwe ngomsonto wangaphakathi ojiyile wangaphandle.
2.Indima yetyhubhu
①, ukutsalwa kweoli kunye negesi: emva kokuba i-oyile kunye negesi igrunjwe kwaye ifakwe i-samente, i-tubing ifakwe kwi-oil casing ukukhupha ioli kunye negesi emhlabeni.
②, inaliti yamanzi: xa uxinzelelo lwe-downhole lungonelanga, galela amanzi equleni ngetyhubhu.
③, Inaliti yomphunga: Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela i-oyile eshinyeneyo, umphunga kufuneka ube negalelo kwiqula elinemibhobho yeoli egqunyiweyo.
(iv) I-Acidizing kunye ne-fracturing: Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokomba okanye ukuze kuphuculwe imveliso ye-oyile kunye negesi yamaqula, kuyimfuneko ukufaka i-acidizing kunye ne-fracturing medium okanye imathiriyeli yokunyanga kumaleko we-oyile kunye negesi, kunye nendawo kunye izinto zokuphilisa zithuthwa ngombhobho weoyile.
3.Ibakala lentsimbi yombhobho weoyile
Amabakala ensimbi yombhobho weoli ngala: H40, J55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110.
I-N80 yahlulwe yaba yi-N80-1 kunye ne-N80Q, ezi zimbini zineempawu ezifanayo zokuqina okufanayo, umahluko emibini yimeko yonikezelo kunye nefuthe lomahluko wokusebenza, ukuhanjiswa kwe-N80-1 ngokwemeko eqhelekileyo okanye xa iqondo lobushushu lokugqibela likhulu kunelo. iqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo Ar3 kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva kokupholisa umoya, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana ezinye iindlela zokuqhelanisa i-hot-rolled, impembelelo kunye novavanyo olungonakalisi alufunwa;I-N80Q kufuneka ihlanjululwe (ukucima kunye nokufudumala) Unyango lokushisa, umsebenzi wempembelelo kufuneka uhambelane nemimiselo ye-API 5CT, kwaye kufuneka ibe novavanyo olungonakalisi.
I-L80 ihlulwe ibe yi-L80-1, i-L80-9Cr kunye ne-L80-13Cr.Iimpawu zabo zomatshini kunye nesimo sokuhanjiswa kuyafana.Ukwahluka kokusetyenziswa, ubunzima bokuvelisa kunye nexabiso, i-L80-1 yohlobo oluqhelekileyo, i-L80- 9Cr kunye ne-L80-13Cr yi-tubing ephezulu yokumelana ne-corrosion, ubunzima bokuvelisa, kubiza, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa amaqula anzima.
I-C90 kunye ne-T95 zahlulwe ngohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2, oko kukuthi, i-C90-1, i-C90-2 kunye ne-T95-1, i-T95-2.
4.Inqanaba lentsimbi elisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ibakala kunye nesimo sokuhanjiswa kwepayipi yeoli
Steel ibakala ibakala Delivery status
Umbhobho we-oyile we-J55 37Mn5 umbhobho we-oyile osicaba: ushushu waqengqeleka endaweni yokuba uqheleke
Umbhobho we-oyile oqiniweyo: ubude obupheleleyo buqhelekile emva kokuqina.
Ityhubhu ye-N80-1 36Mn2V Ityhubhu yohlobo lweflethi: ishushu-isolwe endaweni yesiqhelo
Umbhobho we-oyile oqiniweyo: ubude obupheleleyo buqhelekile emva kokuqina
Umbhobho we-oyile we-N80-Q 30Mn5 ubushushu obugcweleyo
I-L80-1 ipayipi yeoli 30Mn5 ubude obugcweleyo
Umbhobho we-oyile we-P110 25CrMnMo ubushushu obugcweleyo
I-J55 yokudibanisa i-37Mn5 eshushu iqengqeleke kwi-intanethi
I-N80 idibanisa i-28MnTiB yobude obugcweleyo
I-L80-1 idibanisa i-28MnTiB ubude obugcweleyo
I-P110 Clamps 25CrMnMo Ubude obugcweleyo bunomsindo
Ⅲ.Casing
1, Ukuhlelwa kunye nendima ye-casing
I-Casing ngumbhobho wensimbi oxhasa udonga lweoli kunye negesi.Iingqimba ezininzi ze-casing zisetyenziswa kwiqula ngalinye ngokobunzulu obuhlukeneyo bokomba kunye neemeko zejoloji.I-samente isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-casing emva kokuba ihliswe equleni, kwaye ngokungafaniyo nombhobho weoli kunye nombhobho wokubhobhoza, ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye iyinto yezinto ezichithwayo.Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-akhawunti ye-casing ngaphezulu kwe-70% yazo zonke iityhubhu ze-oyile.I-Casing ingahlelwa: i-conduit, i-surface casing, i-technical casing kunye ne-oyile ye-oyile ngokusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye nezakhiwo zabo kwimithombo yeoli iboniswe kumfanekiso ongezantsi.
2.I-conductor casing
ubukhulu becala esetyenziselwa ukugrumba elwandle nasentlango ukwahlula amanzi olwandle kunye nesanti ukuqinisekisa inkqubela egudileyo yokomba, iinkcukacha eziphambili zolu luhlu lwe-2.casing zezi: Φ762mm(30in )×25.4mm, Φ762mm(30in)×19.06mm.
Umphezulu wecasing: Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukomba wokuqala, ukugrumba kuvule umphezulu westrata ekhululekileyo kwibhedi, ukuze kutywinwe le nxalenye yestrata ukuba ingadiliki, kufuneka itywinwe nge-surface casing.Iimpawu eziphambili ze-surface casing: 508mm (20in), 406.4mm (16in), 339.73mm (13-3/8in), 273.05mm (10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/9in), njl. Ubunzulu bombhobho wokunciphisa buxhomekeke kubunzulu bobunjwa obuthambileyo.Ubunzulu bombhobho ophantsi buxhomekeke kubunzulu be-stratum ekhululekile, ehlala i-80 ~ 1500 m.Uxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye nangaphakathi alukho lukhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo luthatha ibakala lensimbi ye-K55 okanye i-N80 yensimbi.
3.I-Technical casing
I-casing yobuchwephesha isetyenziselwa inkqubo yokugaya izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.Xa udibana neendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana noluhlu oludilikayo, i-oil layer, i-gas layer, i-water layer, i-leakge layer, i-salt paste layer, njl., kuyimfuneko ukubeka phantsi i-casing yobugcisa ukuyitywina, ngaphandle koko ukubhobhoza akunakuqhutywa.Amanye amaqula anzulu kwaye antsonkothile, kwaye ubunzulu bequla bufikelela kumawaka eemitha, olu hlobo lwamaqula anzulu kufuneka lubeke phantsi iileya ezininzi ze-casing yobugcisa, iipropati zayo zobugcisa kunye neemfuno zokutywinwa zokusebenza ziphezulu kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamabakala entsimbi. nayo ephezulu, ukongeza kwi-K55, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-N80 kunye ne-P110 amabakala, amanye amaqula anzulu nawo asetyenziswa kwi-Q125 okanye kumabakala aphezulu angeyo-API, afana ne-V150.iinkcukacha eziphambili ze-technical casing zezi: 339.73 Iimpawu eziphambili ze-technical casing zilandelayo: 339.73mm (13-3/8in), 273.05mm (10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/8in), 219.08mm (8-5/8in), 193.68mm (7-5/8in), 177.8mm (7in) njalo njalo.
4. Isingxobo se-oyile
Xa iqula ligrunjwa ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo (umaleko oqulethe ioli kunye negesi), kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-oyile ye-oyile ukutywina i-oyile kunye ne-gas layer kunye ne-strata ephezulu eveziweyo, kwaye ngaphakathi kwe-oyile ye-oyile ngumaleko weoli. .I-oil casing kuzo zonke iindidi ze-casing kwi-deepest well deep, its mechanical properties kunye neemfuno zokutywinwa kokusebenza nazo ziphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwebakala lensimbi K55, N80, P110, Q125, V150 njalo njalo.Iimpawu eziphambili ze-casing yokwakheka zezi: 177.8mm(7in), 168.28mm(6-5/8in), 139.7mm(5-1/2in), 127mm(5in), 114.3mm(4-1/2in), njl. . I-casing yeyona inzulu phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zamaqula, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo ngoomatshini kunye nokusebenza kokutywinwa kuphezulu.
V.Drill umbhobho
I-1, Ukuhlelwa kunye nendima yombhobho wezixhobo zokomba
Umbhobho wokubhoboza isikwere, umbhobho wokubhobhoza, umbhobho wokomba obunzima kunye nekhola yokubhola zenza umbhobho wokubhoboza.Umbhobho wokubhobhoza sisixhobo esingundoqo sokubhola esiqhuba isuntswana le-drill ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya ezantsi equleni, kwaye ikwangumjelo osuka emhlabeni ukuya ezantsi equla.Inendima ezintathu eziphambili: ① ukuhambisa i-torque ukuqhuba i-drill bit to drill;② ukuxhomekeka kubunzima bayo ukwenza uxinzelelo kwintwana yokomba ukuze kwaphuke ilitye emazantsi equla;③ ukuhambisa ulwelo lokuhlamba lomthombo, oko kukuthi, udaka lokugrumba emhlabeni ngeempompo zodaka ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuya kumngxuma wentsika yokomba ukuze uqukuqele emazantsi equla ukugungxula inkunkuma yamatye kunye nokupholisa intwana yokomba, kwaye uthwale inkunkuma yamatye ngokusebenzisa isithuba sonyaka phakathi komgangatho wangaphandle wekholomu kunye nodonga lwequla ukuze ubuyele emhlabeni, ukuze ufezekise injongo yokwemba iqula.Umbhobho wokubhobhoza kwinkqubo yokomba ukuze umelane neentlobo ngeentlobo zemithwalo etshintshanayo entsonkothileyo, efana ne-tensile, compression, torsion, ukugoba kunye nolunye uxinizelelo, umphezulu ongaphakathi nawo uphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lodaka kunye nokugqwala.
(1) i-square drill pipe: i-square drill pipe ineentlobo ezimbini zohlobo lwe-quadrilateral kunye nohlobo lwe-hexagonal, intonga yokugaya i-oyile yaseTshayina iseti nganye yekholamu yokubhola idla ngokusebenzisa umbhobho wokubhoboza wohlobo lwe-quadrilateral.Iimpawu zayo zezi: 63.5mm (2-1/2in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 107.95mm (4-1/4in), 133.35mm (5-1/4in), 152.4mm (6in) kunye njalo njalo.Ngokuqhelekileyo ubude obusetyenziswayo yi-12 ~ 14.5m.
(2) Umbhobho wokomba: Umbhobho wokomba sesona sixhobo siphambili sokugrumba amaqula, adityaniswe kwincam engezantsi yombhobho wokugrumba, kwaye njengoko iqula lokomba liqhubeka lisiba nzulu, umbhobho wokubhoboza uqhubeka undisa intsika yokomba enye emva kwenye.Iinkcukacha zombhobho wokubhola zezi: 60.3mm (2-3/8in), 73.03mm (2-7/8in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 114.3mm (4-1/2in), 127mm (5in) ), 139.7mm (5-1/2in) njalo njalo.
3Iimpawu eziphambili zobunzima bombhobho we-drill yi-88.9mm (3-1 / 2in) kunye ne-127mm (5in).
(4) Ikhola yokubhola: ikhola yokomba iqhagamshelwe kwindawo engezantsi yombhobho wokubhoboza, ongumbhobho okhethekileyo onodonga olungqindilili onobungqongqo obuphezulu, okhupha uxinzelelo kwintwana yokuqhelisa ukuqhekeza ilitye, kwaye unokudlala indima ekhokelayo xa ukugrumba amaqula athe ngqo.Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zekhola ye-drill zezi: 158.75mm (6-1 / 4in), 177.85mm (7in), 203.2mm (8in), 228.6mm (9in) njalo njalo.
V. Umbhobho womgca
1, Ukuhlelwa kombhobho womgca
Umbhobho womgca usetyenziswa kwishishini leoli kunye negesi yokuthutha ioli, i-oyile esulungekileyo, igesi yendalo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ngombhobho wentsimbi ngokufutshane.Uthutho lwemibhobho ye-oyile nerhasi yahlulwe ikakhulu kumbhobho ongundoqo, umbhobho wesebe kunye nombhobho wombhobho wothungelwano weentlobo ezintathu zeentlobo ezintathu, owona mgca wothumelo wemibhobho yesiqhelo yemigaqo yesiqhelo ∮ 406 ~ 1219mm, ubukhulu bodonga lwe-10 ~ 25mm, ibakala lentsimbi X42 ~ X80;umbhobho wesebe kunye nombhobho wothungelwano lombhobho wendlela yolwazi oluqhelekileyo lwe # 114 ~ 700mm, ubukhulu bodonga lwe-6 ~ 20mm, ibakala lentsimbi X42 ~ X80.Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zemibhobho yesondlo kunye nemibhobho yasezidolophini yi-114-700mm, ubukhulu bodonga 6-20mm, ibakala lentsimbi X42-X80.
Umbhobho wentsimbi udityaniswe nombhobho wentsimbi, ukwanombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo, umbhobho wentsimbi odityanisiweyo usetyenziswa ngaphezu kombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo.
2, Umgangatho wombhobho womgca
Umgangatho wombhobho we-pipeline yi-API 5L "inkcazo yombhobho wentsimbi", kodwa i-China ngo-1997 yazisa imigangatho emibini yelizwe kumbhobho wepayipi: GB/T9711.1-1997 "ishishini leoli negesi, inxalenye yokuqala yeemeko zobugcisa zokunikezelwa kombhobho wentsimbi. : Ipayipi yensimbi ye-A-grade" kunye ne-GB / T9711.2-1997 "imboni yeoli kunye negesi, inxalenye yesibini yeemeko zobugcisa bokuhanjiswa kombhobho wensimbi: ibhobho yensimbi ye-B-grade".Ipayipi yensimbi ", le migangatho mibini ilingana ne-API 5L, abaninzi abasebenzisi basekhaya bafuna ukunikezelwa kwale migangatho mibini yelizwe.
3, Malunga nePSL1 kunye nePSL2
I-PSL sisishunqulelo senqanaba lokuchazwa kwemveliso.Inqanaba lenkcazo yemveliso yombhobho yomgca yahlulwe kwi-PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2, kunokuthiwa umgangatho womgangatho wahlulwe kwi-PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2.I-PSL1 iphezulu kune-PSL2, inqanaba lokuchazwa kwe-2 alikho kuphela iimfuno zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimfuno zempahla yomatshini ziyahluka, ngoko ngokwe-API 5L oda, imimiselo yekhontrakthi ukongeza ukucacisa iinkcukacha, ibakala lensimbi. kunye nezinye izalathisi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka ibonise imveliso Specification level, oko kukuthi, PSL1 okanye PSL2.
I-PSL2 ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zokuqina, amandla empembelelo, uvavanyo olungonakalisi kunye nezinye izikhombisi zingqongqo kunePSL1.
4, ibakala lombhobho wentsimbi kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali
Umgangatho wombhobho wentsimbi ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu wahlulwe waba: A25, A, B, X42, X46, X52, X60, X65, X70 kunye X80.
I-5, uxinzelelo lwamanzi lombhobho womgca kunye neemfuno ezingonakalisi
Umbhobho womgca kufuneka wenze isebe ngovavanyo lwe-hydraulic yesebe, kwaye umgangatho awuvumeli ukuveliswa okungonakalisi koxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, okukwahluke kakhulu phakathi komgangatho we-API kunye nemigangatho yethu.
I-PSL1 ayifuni uvavanyo olungonakalisi, i-PSL2 kufuneka ibe luvavanyo olungonakaliyo ngokwesebe.
VI.UQhagamshelwano lwePremium
1, Ukwaziswa koQhagamshelwano lwePremium
I-buckle ekhethekileyo ihluke kwintambo ye-API enesakhiwo esikhethekileyo sentambo yombhobho.Nangona i-API ekhoyo ephothiweyo ye-oyile isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kweoli, iintsilelo zayo ziboniswa ngokucacileyo kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwezinye iindawo zeoli: ikholomu ye-API ejikelezayo yombhobho, nangona ukusebenza kwayo kokutywinwa kungcono, amandla okunyamezela aphethwe yi-threaded. inxalenye ilingana kuphela ne-60% ukuya kwi-80% yamandla omzimba wombhobho, ngoko ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ekuxhatshazweni kwamaqula anzulu;i-API biased trapezoidal threaded pipe column, ukusebenza kwe-tensile yenxenye ephothiweyo ilingana kuphela namandla omzimba wombhobho, ngaloo ndlela ayinakusetyenziswa kumaqula anzulu;Ikholamu yombhobho we-API ethambekele kwi-trapezoidal, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-tensile ayilungile.Nangona ukusebenza kokuqina kwekholamu kuphezulu kakhulu kunonxibelelwano lwe-API olujikelezayo, ukutywinwa kwayo akukuhle kakhulu, ngoko ayinakusetyenziswa ekuxhatshazweni kwemithombo yegesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo;Ukongeza, igrisi ephothiweyo inokudlala indima yayo kuphela kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nobushushu obungaphantsi kwe-95 ℃, ke ayinakusetyenziswa ekuxhatshazweni kwamaqula obushushu obuphezulu.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-API engqukuva intambo kunye noqhagamshelo lomsonto wetrapezoidal, uQhagamshelwano lwePremium yenze inkqubela phambili kule miba ilandelayo:
(1) ukutywinwa okulungileyo, ngoyilo lwe-elastic kunye nesakhiwo sokutywina sesinyithi, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchasana kokutywinwa kwegesi okudibeneyo ukufikelela kumda womzimba wetyhubhu ngaphakathi koxinzelelo lwesivuno;
(2) amandla aphezulu oqhagamshelo, kunye noQhagamshelwano lwePremium yoQhagamshelwano lwe-oyile, amandla oqhagamshelo afikelela okanye adlula amandla omzimba wetyhubhu, ukusombulula ingxaki yokutyibilika ngokusisiseko;
(3) ngokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yonyango lomhlaba, ngokusisiseko kusonjululwe ingxaki yokuncamathela intambo;
(4) ngokulungiswa kwesakhiwo, ukwenzela ukuba ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo oludibeneyo lunengqiqo ngakumbi, lulungele ukuchasana noxinzelelo lwe-corrosion;
(5) ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo segxalaba soyilo olufanelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba kwi-buckle operation kulula ukuyiqhuba.
Okwangoku, ihlabathi liphuhlise ngaphezu kwe-100 leentlobo zoQhagamshelwano lwePremiyam kunye nobuchwepheshe obunelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-21-2024