I-Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) luhlobo lwentsimbi engagqwali equlethe malunga neenxalenye ezilinganayo ze-ferrite kunye ne-austenite, apho isigaba esincinci ngokubanzi senza ubuncinci i-30%. I-DSS idla ngokuba nomxholo we-chromium ophakathi kwe-18% kunye ne-28% kunye nomxholo we-nickel ophakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-10%. Ezinye iintsimbi ezingagqwali ze-duplex zikwanazo nezinto ezidibanisayo ezifana ne-molybdenum (Mo), i-copper (Cu), i-niobium (Nb), i-titanium (Ti), kunye ne-nitrogen (N).
Olu didi lwentsimbi ludibanisa iimpawu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ze-ferritic, i-DSS inobunkunkqele obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, ayinabo ubunkunkqele bobushushu begumbi, kwaye ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo kunye nokuwelda phakathi kwe-granular. Kwangaxeshanye, igcina ubunkunkqele obungama-475°C kunye nokuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu beentsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic kwaye ibonisa ubunkunkqele obuphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic, i-DSS inamandla aphezulu kwaye inamandla angcono kakhulu ekugqwaleni phakathi kwe-granular kunye ne-chloride stress corrosion. I-DSS ikwanayo nokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kwaye ithathwa njengentsimbi engagqwali egcina i-nickel.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neendidi
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezigaba ezimbini se-austenite kunye ne-ferrite, apho isigaba ngasinye simalunga nesiqingatha, i-DSS ibonisa iimpawu zentsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic. Amandla emveliso ye-DSS aqala kwi-400 MPa ukuya kwi-550 MPa, ephindwe kabini kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-austenitic engagqwali. I-DSS inobunzima obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi bokuguquguquka kwe-brittle, kwaye iphucuke kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuwelda xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingagqwali ze-ferritic. Ikwagcina ezinye iipropati zentsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, ezifana nokugqwala kwe-475°C, ukuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu, i-low thermal expansion coefficient, i-superplasticity, kunye ne-magnetism. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic, i-DSS inamandla aphezulu, ngakumbi amandla emveliso, kunye nokumelana okuphuculweyo kwi-pitting, ukugqwala koxinzelelo, kunye nokudinwa kokugqwala.
I-DSS inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezine ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali: i-Cr18, i-Cr23 (engena-Mo), i-Cr22, kunye ne-Cr25. Uhlobo lwe-Cr25 lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ziintsimbi eziqinileyo neziqinileyo. Phakathi kwezi, iintlobo ze-Cr22 kunye ne-Cr25 zisetyenziswa kakhulu. E-China, uninzi lweeklasi ze-DSS ezamkelweyo ziveliswa eSweden, kubandakanya i-3RE60 (uhlobo lwe-Cr18), i-SAF2304 (uhlobo lwe-Cr23), i-SAF2205 (uhlobo lwe-Cr22), kunye ne-SAF2507 (uhlobo lwe-Cr25).
Iintlobo zeDuplex Stainless Steel
1. Uhlobo lwe-Alloy ephantsi:Imelwe yi-UNS S32304 (23Cr-4Ni-0.1N), le ntsimbi ayinayo i-molybdenum kwaye ine-Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) engama-24-25. Ingathatha indawo ye-AISI 304 okanye i-316 kwiindlela zokumelana nokugqwala koxinzelelo.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Medium-Alloy:Imelwe yi-UNS S31803 (22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-0.15N), ene-PREN engama-32-33. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuphakathi kwe-AISI 316L kunye ne-6% ye-Mo+N ye-austenitic stainless steels.
3. Uhlobo lwe-High-Alloy:Ngokwesiqhelo iqulethe i-25% Cr kunye ne-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen, ngamanye amaxesha i-copper kunye ne-tungsten. Imelwe yi-UNS S32550 (25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-2Cu-0.2N), ene-PREN ye-38-39, le ntsimbi inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-22% Cr DSS.
4. Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo Enkulu Ephindwe Kabini:Iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen, emelwe yi-UNS S32750 (25Cr-7Ni-3.7Mo-0.3N), ngamanye amaxesha ikwaqulathe i-tungsten kunye ne-copper, ene-PREN engaphezulu kwama-40. Ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima zemidiya, inikezela nge-corrosion entle kunye neempawu zoomatshini, ezifana neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-super austenitic.
Amanqanaba eDuplex Stainless Steel eTshayina
I-GB/T 20878-2007 "IiNqanaba zeNsimbi ezingenasici kwaye ezimelana nobushushu kunye noBume beeKhemikhali" entsha yaseTshayina ibandakanya iiNqanaba ezininzi ze-DSS, ezifana ne-14Cr18Ni11Si4AlTi, 022Cr19Ni5Mo3Si2N, kunye ne-12Cr21Ni5Ti. Ukongeza, intsimbi ye-duplex eyaziwayo ye-2205 ihambelana ne-022Cr23Ni5Mo3N yaseTshayina.
Iimpawu zeDuplex Stainless Steel
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esinezigaba ezimbini, ngokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nenkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu, i-DSS idibanisa iingenelo zeentsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic kunye ne-austenitic. Ifumana ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokudityaniswa kweentsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwamandla aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-chloride kweentsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic. Ezi mpawu zibalaseleyo zenze i-DSS yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza njengezinto zokwakha ezinokudityaniswa ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980, yafana neentsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic, austenitic, kunye ne-ferritic. I-DSS ineempawu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukumelana nokugqwala koxinzelelo lwe-Chloride:I-DSS ene-molybdenum ibonakalisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala koxinzelelo lwe-chloride kumanqanaba aphantsi oxinzelelo. Ngelixa iintsimbi eziqinileyo ze-austenitic eziyi-18-8 zihlala zinengxaki yokuqhekeka koxinzelelo kwizisombululo ze-chloride ezingathathi hlangothi ezingaphezulu kwama-60°C, i-DSS isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo eziqulethe izixa ezincinci ze-chloride kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwii-heat exchangers kunye nee-evaporators.
2. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwePitting:I-DSS inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemigodi. Nge-Pitting Resistance Equivalent efanayo (PRE=Cr%+3.3Mo%+16N%), i-DSS kunye neentsimbi eziqinileyo ze-austenitic zibonisa amandla afanayo okugqwala kwemigodi. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwemigodi ye-DSS, ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezine-chromium ephezulu, ezine-nitrogen, kudlula oko kwe-AISI 316L.
3. Ukudinwa kunye nokuguguleka kokugqwala:I-DSS isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezithile ezirhabaxa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimpompo, iivalvu, kunye nezinye izixhobo zamandla.
4. Iipropati zoomatshini:I-DSS inamandla aphezulu kwaye inamandla okudinwa, inamandla okuvelisa aphindwe kabini kuneentsimbi eziqinileyo ze-austenitic ezingagqwaliyo ezili-18-8. Kwimeko yesisombululo esifakwe kwisisombululo, ubude bayo bufikelela kwi-25%, kwaye ixabiso layo lokuqina i-AK (V-notch) lidlula i-100 J.
5. Ukudityaniswa:I-DSS iyakwazi ukuwelda kakuhle kwaye ayinaziphazamiso zishushu kangako. Akufuneki ukuba kufudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-welding, kwaye unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda alufuneki, nto leyo evumela ukuba kufakwe i-welding ngeentsimbi eziqinileyo ze-austenitic okanye iintsimbi ze-carbon ezili-18-8.
6. Ukusebenza Okushushu:I-DSS ene-chromium ephantsi (18%Cr) inomgangatho obanzi wobushushu bokusebenza obushushu kunye nokumelana okuphantsi kuneentsimbi ze-austenitic ezingatyiwayo eziyi-18-8, ezivumela ukuqengqeleka ngqo kwiipleyiti ngaphandle kokubumba. I-DSS ene-chromium ephezulu (25%Cr) inzima kancinci kumsebenzi oshushu kodwa inokuveliswa kwiipleyiti, iipayipi, kunye neengcingo.
7. Ukusebenza Ngobushushu:I-DSS ibonisa ukuqina komsebenzi okukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza okubandayo kuneentsimbi eziqinileyo ze-austenitic ezi-18-8, ezifuna uxinzelelo olukhulu lokuqala lokuguqulwa ngexesha lokwenza imibhobho kunye neepleyiti.
8. Ukuqhuba Ubushushu kunye noKwandiswa:I-DSS ine-thermal conductivity ephezulu kunye ne-thermal expansion coefficients ephantsi xa ithelekiswa neentsimbi ze-austenitic stainless, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizixhobo ze-lining kunye nokwenza iiplate ze-composite. Ikwafanelekile kwii-heat exchanger tube cores, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshintsha kobushushu kuneentsimbi ze-austenitic stainless.
9. Ubukhazikhazi:I-DSS igcina ukuthambekela kokubuthathaka kweentsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic ezine-chromium ephezulu kwaye ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-300°C. Ukuba umxholo we-chromium uphantsi kwi-DSS, kokukhona ingabi lula ukuba nezigaba zokubuthathaka ezifana nesigaba se-sigma.
Iingenelo zemveliso yeWomic Steel
I-Womic Steel ngumvelisi ophambili wentsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini, enikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kuquka iipayipi, iipleyiti, iibhari, kunye neengcingo. Iimveliso zethu zihambelana nemigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe yi-ISO, CE, kunye ne-API. Singakwamkela ukujongwa ngumntu wesithathu kunye nokuhlolwa kokugqibela, siqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho iyafezekiswa.
Iimveliso zeWomic Steel zentsimbi engagqwali ezimbini zaziwa ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwizinga eliphezulu:Sisebenzisa kuphela izinto eziluhlaza ezilungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Iindlela zoPhuhliso oluPhambili:Izixhobo zethu zemveliso zanamhlanje kunye neqela lethu elinamava zisenza sikwazi ukuvelisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini enemixube yeekhemikhali echanekileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Izisombululo Ezinokulungiselelwa Ngokwezifiso:Sinikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi bethu.
Ulawulo Lomgangatho Oluqinileyo:Iinkqubo zethu zokulawula umgangatho ezingqongqo ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke imveliso ifikelela kwimigangatho ephezulu yokugqwesa.
Ukufikelela kwihlabathi liphela:Ngothungelwano oluqinileyo lokuthumela ngaphandle, iWomic Steel inikezela ngentsimbi engagqwali kabini kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela, ixhasa amashishini ahlukeneyo ngezixhobo ezithembekileyo nezisebenza kakuhle.
Khetha iWomic Steel ehambelana neemfuno zakho ze-duplex stainless steel kwaye ufumane umgangatho kunye nenkonzo engenakuthelekiswa nanto esihlukanisayo kushishino.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-29-2024