Intsimbi yeCarbon
Intsimbi eneempawu zoomatshini ezixhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi kwaye apho kungekho zinto zibalulekileyo zokudibanisa ezidityanisiweyo ngokubanzi, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba yikhabhoni engenanto okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yekhabhoni, ibhekisa kwii-alloys zentsimbi-khabhoni eziqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-2% ye-carbon WC.
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ngokubanzi ineenani ezincinci zesilicon, i-manganese, i-sulfur kunye ne-phosphorus ukongeza kwikhabhoni.
Ngokwendlela esetyenzisiweyo ngayo intsimbi yekhabhoni, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu zentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni, intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi yesakhiwo esisikiweyo esikhululekileyo, intsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezimbini zentsimbi yesakhiwo yokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa koomatshini;
Ngokwendlela yokunyibilikisa, ingahlulwa ibe yintsimbi yesithando esisicaba, intsimbi eguqulayo kunye nentsimbi yesithando sombane;
Ngokwendlela yokususa i-oxidation, ingahlulwa ibe yintsimbi ebilayo (F), intsimbi ehleli phantsi (Z), intsimbi ehleli phantsi (b) kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo ehleli phantsi (TZ);
Ngokwesiqulatho sekhabhoni, intsimbi yekhabhoni ingahlulwa ibe yintsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi (WC ≤ 0.25%), intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi (WC0.25%-0.6%) kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu (WC> 0.6%);
Ngokwe-phosphorus, umxholo wesalfure kwintsimbi yekhabhoni unokwahlulwa ube yintsimbi eqhelekileyo yekhabhoni (equlethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephezulu), intsimbi yekhabhoni esemgangathweni ophezulu (equlethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephantsi) kunye nentsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu (equlethe i-phosphorus, i-sulfur ephantsi) kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Okukhona umxholo wekhabhoni uphezulu kwintsimbi yekhabhoni ngokubanzi, kokukhona ubulukhuni bukhula, kokukhona amandla enyuka, kodwa ubumdaka buphantsi.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo enganyangekiyo ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engagqwaliyo, eyenziwe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu: intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo enganyangekiyo. Ngamafutshane, intsimbi enokumelana nokugqwala emoyeni ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engagqwaliyo, ngelixa intsimbi enokumelana nokugqwala yi-chemical media ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engagqwaliyo enganyangekiyo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo yintsimbi ene-alloy ephezulu ene-60% yesinyithi njenge-matrix, yongeza i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloying.
Xa intsimbi ine-chromium engaphezulu kwe-12%, intsimbi esemoyeni kunye ne-nitric acid enyibilikisiweyo akulula ukuyigqwala nokugqwala. Isizathu kukuba i-chromium inokwenza umaleko oqinileyo wefilimu ye-chromium oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi, ikhusela ngempumelelo intsimbi ekugqwaleni. Intsimbi engatyiwayo kumxholo we-chromium ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kwe-14%, kodwa intsimbi engatyiwayo ayigqwali kwaphela. Kwiindawo ezikunxweme okanye kwezinye iindawo ezingcolisekileyo emoyeni, xa umxholo we-ion ye-chloride yomoya mkhulu, umphezulu wentsimbi engatyiwayo evezwe emoyeni unokuba namabala athile okugqwala, kodwa la mabala okugqwala aphelela kumphezulu kuphela, akayi kutshabalalisa i-matrix yangaphakathi yentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Ngokubanzi, ubungakanani be-chrome Wcr engaphezulu kwe-12% yentsimbi buneempawu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokwesakhiwo sayo emva konyango lobushushu inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintlanu: ezizezi, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ferrite, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-martensitic, intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic – ferrite kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-precipitated carbonized.
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa yi-matrix structure:
1, intsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic. Iqulethe i-12% ukuya kwi-30% ye-chromium. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kunye nokwanda komxholo we-chromium kunye nokuphucula uxinzelelo lwe-chloride. Ukumelana nokugqwala kungcono kunezinye iintlobo zentsimbi engagqwali.
2, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic. Iqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-18% ye-chromium, ikwanayo ne-8% ye-nickel kunye nenani elincinci le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto. Ukusebenza okubanzi kulungile, kunokumelana neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-media corrosion.
3、I-Austenitic – intsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic ephindwe kabini. Zombini intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ne-ferritic, kwaye ineenzuzo ze-superplasticity.
4, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-martensitic. Amandla aphezulu, kodwa i-plasticity ephantsi kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-15-2023