Yintoni iflange?
I-Flange ngokufutshane, igama nje eliqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisela kumzimba wesinyithi owenziwe nge-disk ukuvula imingxuma embalwa engatshintshiyo, esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ezinye izinto, olu hlobo lwento lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumatshini, ngoko kubonakala kungaqhelekanga, njengoko. okoko yaziwa njenge flange, igama layo lithatyathwe kwi-English flange.ukwenzela ukuba umbhobho kunye noqhagamshelwano lombhobho wamacandelo, oludityaniswe ekupheleni kombhobho, i-flange ine-aperture, izikrufu zokwenza ama-flanges amabini Aqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo, phakathi kwe-flange ene-gasket seal.
I-Flange yi-disk-shaped parts, eyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu kubunjineli bombhobho, i-flange isetyenziswe ngababini.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi zonxibelelwano lweflange, kukho izinto ezintathu:
- Iiflange zombhobho
- Gasket
-Uqhagamshelo lwebholt
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho i-gasket ethile kunye ne-bolt material efunyenweyo eyenziwe kwizinto ezifanayo kunye necandelo le-pipe flange.Iiflange ezixhaphakileyo ziintsimbi ezingenasici.Iiflange, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zifumaneka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba zihambelane neemfuno zesayithi.Ezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo zeflange ziyi-monel, inconel, kunye ne-chrome molybdenum, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesayithi zangempela.Olona khetho lufanelekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesistim apho unqwenela ukusebenzisa i-flange kunye neemfuno ezithile.
Iintlobo ze-7 eziqhelekileyo zeeFlanges
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeflange ezinokuthi zikhethwe ngokweemfuno zesayithi.Ukuhambelana noyilo lwe-flange efanelekileyo, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nobomi obude benkonzo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwaye ixabiso elifanelekileyo kufuneka liqwalaselwe.
1. iflange enemisonto:
Iiflange ezinemisonto, ezinentambo kwi-flange bore, zifakwe kwimisonto yangaphandle kwi-fitting.Uqhagamshelo olunemisonto apha lwenzelwe ukuphepha ukuwelda kuzo zonke iimeko.Idibaniswe kakhulu ngokuhambelana nemicu kunye nombhobho oza kufakwa.
2. I-socket weld flanges
Olu hlobo lwe-flange luhlala lusetyenziselwa imibhobho encinci apho ububanzi beqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kunye nommandla ophantsi woxinzelelo lubonakaliswa ngokudibanisa apho umbhobho ubekwe ngaphakathi kwi-flange ukuqinisekisa ukudibanisa kunye ne-weld eyodwa okanye ye-multi-route fillet weld.Oku kuthintela imiqobo eyayanyaniswa neziphelo ezinemisonto xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeflange ezidityanisiweyo, oko kwenza ufakelo lube lula.
3. Iiflange zemilenze
I-lap flange luhlobo lwe-flange efuna i-stub end ukuba i-butt-welded ifakwe kwi-fitting ukwenzela ukuba isetyenziswe kunye ne-flange yokuxhasa ukwenza udibaniso lwe-flanged.Olu yilo lwenze le ndlela ithandwa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo apho indawo ebonakalayo iyancipha, okanye apho kufuneka khona ukuchithwa rhoqo, okanye apho kufuneka khona ukugcinwa okuphezulu.
4. Iiflange zokutyibilika
I-Sliding flanges ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye ifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi ukuze zihambelane neenkqubo ezinamazinga aphezulu okuhamba kunye nokugqithisa.Ukufanisa nje i-flange kububanzi obungaphandle bombhobho kwenza uxhulumaniso lube lula kakhulu ukuyifaka.Ukufakwa kwezi flange kuncinci kwezobugcisa njengoko kufuna i-fillet welding kumacala omabini ukukhusela i-flange kumbhobho.
5. Iiflange eziyimfama
Ezi ntlobo zeeflange zilungele kakuhle ukupheliswa kweenkqubo zombhobho.Ipleyiti eyimfama imile njengediski engenanto enokuthi ibotshwe.Emva kokuba ezi zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zidibaniswe ne-gasket echanekileyo, ivumela ukutywinwa okugqwesileyo kwaye kulula ukuyisusa xa kuyimfuneko.
6. Weld Neck Flanges
I-Weld neck flanges ifana kakhulu ne-lap flanges, kodwa ifuna i-butt welding ukuze kufakwe.Kwaye ingqibelelo yokusebenza kwale nkqubo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukugoba amaxesha amaninzi kwaye isetyenziswe kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neenkqubo zobushushu obuphezulu zenza ukuba kube yeyona nto iphambili yokukhetha umbhobho wenkqubo.
7. Iiflange ezikhethekileyo
Olu hlobo lweflange lolona luqhelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, kukho uluhlu olubanzi olongezelelweyo lweentlobo zeeflange ezikhethekileyo ezifumanekayo ukuze zilungele usetyenziso kunye nokusingqongileyo.Kukho ezinye iinketho ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngee-nipo flanges, i-weldo flanges, i-expansion flanges, ii-orifices, iintamo ezinde ze-weld kunye neeflange ezinciphisa.
Iintlobo eziKhethekileyo ze-5 zeeFlanges
1. WeldoFlange
I-Weldo flange ifana kakhulu ne-Nipo flange njengoko iyindibaniselwano yee-butt-welding flanges kunye noqhagamshelwano olufanelekileyo lwesebe.I-Weldo flanges zenziwe ngentsimbi enye eqinileyo eyenziwe ngentsimbi, kunokuba amalungu adityaniswe kunye.
2. Nipo flange
I-Nipoflange ngumbhobho wesebe othambekele kwi-engile yee-degrees ezingama-90, yimveliso eyenziwe ngokudibanisa iiflange ze-butt-welding kunye ne-Nipolet eyenziwe.Ngelixa i-Nipo flange ifunyaniswa ukuba yinto enye eyomeleleyo yentsimbi ekhandiweyo, akuqondwa ukuba ziimveliso ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezidityanisiweyo kunye. isahlulo kwiflange yombhobho westub ngabasebenzi bombhobho.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-Nipo flanges ifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezifana nekhabhoni, i-carbon steels, iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu neliphantsi, i-stainless steel grade, kunye ne-nickel alloy. amandla xa kuthelekiswa standard Nipo flange.
3. Elboflange kunye neLatroflange
I-Elboflange yaziwa njengendibaniselwano ye-flange kunye ne-Elbolet ngelixa i-Latroflange yaziwa njengendibaniselwano ye-flange kunye ne-Latrolet.I-elbow flanges isetyenziselwa imibhobho yesebe kwi-angle ye-45 degree.
4. Iiflange zeringi ezijikelezayo
Ukusetyenziswa kweeflange zeringi ejikelezayo kukuququzelela ulungelelwaniso lwemingxuma yebholiti phakathi kweeflange ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo, eziluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko ezininzi, ezinjengofakelo lwemibhobho emikhulu edayamitha, imibhobho yenkwili okanye ekude nonxweme kunye nokusingqongileyo okufanayo.Ezi ntlobo zeeflange zifanelekile ukufuna ulwelo kwioli, igesi, i-hydrocarbons, amanzi, iikhemikhali kunye nezinye izicelo zepetrochemical kunye nokulawulwa kwamanzi.
Kwimeko yemibhobho emikhulu edayamitha, umbhobho ufakwe iflange ye-weld ye-butt esemgangathweni kwelinye icala kunye neflange ejikelezayo kwelinye.Oku kusebenza ngokujikelezisa nje i-swivel flange kumbhobho ukuze umqhubi afezekise ulungelelwaniso olululo lwemingxuma yebholiti ngendlela elula kakhulu nekhawulezayo.
Eminye yemigangatho emikhulu ye-swivel ring flanges yi-ASME okanye i-ANSI, i-DIN, i-BS, i-EN, i-ISO, kunye nezinye.Enye yemigangatho ethandwa kakhulu kwi-petrochemical applications yi-ANSI okanye i-ASME B16.5 okanye i-ASME B16.47.I-Swivel flanges ziiflange ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iimilo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zeflange.Ngokomzekelo, iintamo ze-weld, i-slip, i-lap joints, i-socket welds, njl., kuwo onke amabakala ezinto eziphathekayo, kuluhlu olubanzi lweesayizi ukusuka kwi-3/8 "ukuya kwi-60", kunye noxinzelelo olusuka kwi-150 ukuya ku-2500. ezi flanges zinokulula yenziwe ngekhabhoni, ialloy, kunye neentsimbi ezingenasici.
5. Iiflange zokwandiswa
Iiflange zokwandiswa, zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa ubungakanani bombhobho ukusuka nakweyiphi na indawo ukuya kwenye ukuze kudityaniswe umbhobho kuzo naziphi na ezinye izixhobo zoomatshini ezifana neempompo, iicompressors, kunye neevalvu ezifunyaniswe zineesayizi ezahlukeneyo zokungena.
Iiflange zokwandiswa zidla ngokuba zii-butt-welded flanges ezinomngxuma omkhulu kakhulu kwisiphelo esingena-flanged.Ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa enye okanye ezimbini ubukhulu okanye ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-4 kumbhobho oqhubayo.Ezi ntlobo zeeflange zikhethwa ngaphezu kwendibaniselwano ye-butt-weld reducers kunye ne-standard flanges kuba zibiza kwaye zikhaphukhaphu.Esinye sezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwandiswa kweeflange yi-A105 kunye ne-ASTM A182 yensimbi engenasici.
Iiflange zokwandiswa zifumaneka kwiimilinganiselo zoxinzelelo kunye nobukhulu ngokuhambelana ne-ANSI okanye i-ASME B16.5 inkcazo, ekhoyo ngokuyinhloko i-convex okanye i-flat (RF okanye i-FF).Ukunciphisa iiflanges, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziiflange zokunciphisa, zisebenza ngokuchasene ngqo nokwandiswa kweeflange, oku kuthetha ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani bombhobho.I-diameter yebhobho yokuqhubela umbhobho ingancitshiswa ngokulula, kodwa ingabi ngaphezu kwe-1 okanye i-2 ubukhulu.Ukuba umzamo wenziwa ukunciphisa ngaphaya koku, isisombululo esisekelwe kwindibaniselwano ye-butt-welded reducers kunye neeflange eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Ubungakanani beFlange kunye neNgqwalasela eqhelekileyo
Ukongeza kuyilo olusebenzayo lweflange, ubungakanani bayo yeyona nto inokuphembelela ukhetho lweflange xa uyilwa, ugcina kwaye uhlaziya inkqubo yemibhobho.Endaweni yoko, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ujongano lweflange kunye nombhobho kunye neegaskets ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo.Ukongeza koku, ezinye iingqwalasela eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:
- Idayamitha yangaphandle: Idayamitha yangaphandle ngumgama phakathi kweencam ezimbini ezichaseneyo zobuso beflange.
- Ukutyeba: Ubukhulu bulinganiswa ukusuka ngaphandle komphetho.
- I-Bolt Circle Diameter: Lo ngumgama phakathi kwemingxuma yebholithi elinganiswe ukusuka kumbindi ukuya kwiziko.
- Ubungakanani bombhobho: Ubungakanani bombhobho bubukhulu obuhambelana neflange.
- Ibhore ebizwa ngokuba yi-Nominal Bore: Ibhore ebizwa ngokuba yi-Nominal Bore ubukhulu bedayamitha yangaphakathi yesiqhagamshelanisi seflange.
Ukuhlelwa kweFlange kunye neNqanaba leNkonzo
Iiflange zihlelwa ngokukodwa ngokukwazi kwabo ukumelana namaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo.Ityunjwe ngokusetyenziswa koonobumba okanye izimamva "#", "lb" okanye "class".Ezi zizimamva ezitshintshekayo kwaye zikwahluka ngokwengingqi okanye umboneleli.Ukuhlelwa okuqhelekileyo okwaziwayo zidweliswe ngezantsi:
- 150#
- 300#
- 600#
- 900#
- 1500#
- 2500#
Uxinzelelo olufanayo kunye nokunyamezela kweqondo lokushisa kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukuyila kwe-flange kunye nobukhulu be-flange.Nangona kunjalo, ekuphela kwento engatshintshiyo yinqanaba loxinzelelo, eliyancipha njengoko ubushushu bukhula.
Uhlobo lobuso beFlange
Uhlobo lobuso nalo luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu olunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kokugqibela kunye nobomi benkonzo yeflange.Ke ngoko, ezinye zezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zobuso beflange zihlalutywa ngezantsi:
1. Flange Flange (FF)
Umphezulu we-gasket we-flange ethe tyaba kwi-plane efanayo kunye nomphezulu wesakhelo esiboshiweyo.Iimveliso ezisebenzisa iiflange ezisicaba zidla ngokuba zezo zenziwa ngokungunda ukuze zihambelane neflange okanye isiciko seflange.I-flat flanges akufanele ibekwe kwiiflange zecala eziguquliweyo.I-ASME B31.1 ichaza ukuba xa udibanisa i-flanges yensimbi ephothiweyo kwi-carbon steel flanges, ubuso obuphakanyisiweyo kwi-carbon steel flanges kufuneka bususwe kwaye i-gasket yobuso obugcweleyo iyadingeka.Oku kukuthintela iiflange zentsimbi ezincinci, ezibhityileyo ukuba zingachaphazeli kwisithuba esenziwe yimpumlo ephakanyisiweyo ye-carbon steel flange.
Olu hlobo lobuso be-flange lusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo kunye neevalvu kuzo zonke izicelo apho isinyithi esityhidiweyo senziwa khona.Intsimbi yokuphosa i-brittle ngakumbi kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa kuphela ubushushu obuphantsi, izicelo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi.Ubuso obucaba buvumela zombini iiflange ukuba zenze unxibelelwano olupheleleyo phezu komhlaba wonke.IiFlange eziFlethi (FF) zinendawo yokudibanisa enobude obufanayo nentambo yebholiti yeflange.Iiwasha zobuso obugcweleyo zisetyenziswa phakathi kweeflange ezimbini ezisicaba kwaye zihlala zithambile.Ngokutsho kwe-ASME B31.3, iiflange ezisicaba akufuneki zidityaniswe neeflange eziphakamileyo ngenxa yokwazi ukuvuza kwisiphumo sesiphumo se-flanged joint.
2. I-Flange yobuso obuphakanyisiweyo (RF)
I-flange yobuso obuphakanyisiweyo lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo olusetyenziswa kwizicelo zomenzi kwaye lubonwa lula.Ibizwa ngokuba yi-convex kuba ubuso be-gasket bubekwe ngaphezu kobuso beringi yebholithi.Uhlobo ngalunye lokujongana lufuna ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezininzi zeegaskets, kubandakanywa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetabhu zeringi kunye neengqungquthela zetsimbi ezifana ne-spiral-inxeba kunye neefom eziphindwe kabini.
Iiflange zeRF zenzelwe ukugxininisa ngakumbi uxinzelelo kwindawo encinci ye-gasket, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ulawulo loxinzelelo lwejoyini.iidiameters kunye nokuphakama ngokwenqanaba loxinzelelo kunye nobubanzi buchazwe kwi-ASME B16.5.Inqanaba loxinzelelo lweFlange lichaza umphakamo wobuso obuphakanyiswayo. I-ASME B16.5.Uxinzelelo lwe-flange ratings.
3. Iringi yeringi (RTJ)
Xa i-metal-to-metal seal phakathi kweeflange ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka (leyo yimeko yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwe-700/800 C °), i-Ring Joint Flange (RTJ) isetyenziswa.
I-flange edibeneyo ye-ring ine-groove ejikelezayo ehlala kwi-gasket ye-ring joint (oval okanye uxande).
Xa iiflange ezimbini zeringi ezidityanisiweyo zidityanisiwe zaza zaqiniswa, amandla ebholithi asetyenziswayo ayonakalisa i-gasket ekwi-groove yeflange, idala intsimbi eqinileyo kakhulu ukuya kwintsimbi yokutywina.Ukuze ufezekise oku, izinto eziphathekayo ze-gasket edibeneyo ye-ring kufuneka zibe thambileyo (i-ductile ngaphezulu) kunezinto ze-flanges.
I-RTJ flanges inokutywinwa nge-RTJ gaskets yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo (R, RX, BX) kunye neeprofayili (umzekelo, i-octagonal / i-elliptical yohlobo lwe-R).
I-gasket ye-RTJ eqhelekileyo luhlobo lwe-R kunye ne-octagonal cross-section, njengoko iqinisekisa itywina elomeleleyo (i-oval cross-section luhlobo oludala).Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwe "flat groove" lwamkela zombini iindidi ze-RTJ gaskets ezineoctagonal okanye i-oval cross-section.
4. Ulwimi kunye ne-groove flanges (T & G)
Iilwimi ezimbini kunye neeflange ze-groove (ubuso be-T & G) zilingana ngokugqibeleleyo: enye i-flange ineringi ephakanyisiweyo kwaye enye ineegrooves apho ingena khona ngokulula (ulwimi lungena kwi-groove kwaye lutywine i-joint).
Ulwimi kunye ne-groove flanges zifumaneka ngobukhulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci.
5. IiFlentshi zeNdoda nezasetyhini (M & F)
Ngokufana nolwimi kunye ne-groove flanges, i-flanges yamadoda nabasetyhini (iintlobo zobuso be-M & F) zihambelana enye kwenye.
Enye iflange inommandla ophumela ngaphaya kwendawo yayo, iflange yendoda, kwaye enye iflange ineedereyi ezihambelanayo ezilungiselelwe kumphezulu ojongeneyo, iflange yobufazi.
I-Flange Surface Gqiba
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana okugqibeleleyo kweflange kwi-gasket kunye neflange yokukhwelana, indawo yeflange yomphezulu ifuna iqondo elithile loburhabaxa (i-RF kunye ne-FF flange igqiba kuphela).Uhlobo lobunzima bobuso be-flange buchaza uhlobo "lwe-flange finish".
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zizi stock, concentric serrated, spiral serrated kunye nobuso obugudileyo beflange.
Kukho izinto ezine ezisisiseko zokugqibezela iiflange zentsimbi, nangona kunjalo, injongo eqhelekileyo yalo naluphi na uhlobo lokugqitywa komphezulu weflange kukuvelisa uburhabaxa obufunwayo kumphezulu weflange ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuqinileyo phakathi kweflange, igasket kunye neflange yokukhwelana ukubonelela ngetywina elisemgangathweni. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-08-2023