Insimbi engenasici inokufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo ebomini, kwaye kukho zonke iintlobo zeemodeli ezizidenge zokwahlula.Namhlanje ukwabelana nawe ngenqaku lokucacisa amanqaku olwazi apha.
intsimbi stainless sisishunqulelo sentsimbi stainless acid-resistant, umoya, umphunga, amanzi kunye nezinye eendaba buthathaka corrosive okanye steel stainless yaziwa ngokuba stainless steel;kwaye iya kuxhathisa kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo (i-acids, i-alkalis, iityuwa, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokufakela) ukubola kwentsimbi kubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi echasene ne-asidi.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ibhekisa kumoya, umphunga, amanzi kunye nolunye ubuthathaka bemithombo yeendaba ezidlayo kunye neeasidi, iialkali, iityuwa kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezityiwayo zentsimbi, ekwaziwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo eneasidi.Ngokwenyani, imidiya ehlala ibuthathaka ekwazi ukumelana nomhlwa ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye nentsimbi enganyangekiyo kwimichiza ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enganyangekiyo kwiasidi.Ngenxa yeyantlukwano kukwakheka kweekhemikhali kwezi zimbini, eyokuqala ayinyanzeli ukuba ixhathise kwi-corrosion ye-chemical media, ngelixa le yokugqibela ingenabala.Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezixutywayo eziqulethwe kwintsimbi.
Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo
Ngokutsho umbutho metallurgical
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwentlangano ye-metallurgical, iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo zihlukaniswe zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-austenitic stainless steels, i-ferritic stainless steels kunye ne-martensitic stainless steels.Ngokwesiseko sesiseko se-metallurgical organization of these three categories, duplex steels, precipitation hardening steels stainless steels kunye ne-high alloy steels equkethe ngaphantsi kwe-50% yesinyithi ifumaneka kwiimfuno kunye neenjongo ezithile.
1. Austenitic steel stainless
I-matrix kwi-face-centred cubic crystal structure yombutho we-austenitic (isigaba se-CY) ilawulwa yi-non-magnetic, ngokukodwa ngokusebenza okubandayo ukuze kuqiniswe (kwaye kunokukhokelela kwinqanaba elithile le-magnetism) yensimbi engenasici.I-American Iron kunye ne-Steel Institute ukuya kwi-200 kunye ne-300 uchungechunge lweelebhile zamanani, ezifana ne-304.
2. Ferritic steel stainless
I-Matrix ukuya kumzimba we-cubic crystal structure yombutho we-ferrite (isigaba) ilawula, imagnethi, ngokubanzi ayinako ukwenziwa lukhuni ngonyango lobushushu, kodwa ukusebenza okubandayo kunokukwenza ukuba yomelezwe kancinane intsimbi engatyiwayo.I-American Iron kunye ne-Steel Institute ukuya kwi-430 kunye ne-446 yelebula.
3. Martensitic steel stainless
I-matrix yintlangano ye-martensitic (i-cubic egxilwe kumzimba okanye i-cubic), i-magnetic, ngokusebenzisa unyango lobushushu inokulungelelanisa iimpawu zayo ze-mechanical of steel stainless.American Iron and Steel Institute ukuya 410, 420, kunye 440 amanani ephawulweyo.I-Martensite inombutho we-austenitic kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, anokuguqulwa abe yi-martensite (oko kukuthi iqiniswe) xa ipholile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kwizinga elifanelekileyo.
4. I-Austenitic i-ferrite (i-duplex) uhlobo lwensimbi engenasici
I-matrix ine-austenitic kunye ne-ferrite yombutho wesigaba sesibini, apho umxholo we-matrix yesigaba esingaphantsi ngokubanzi ungaphezulu kwe-15%, imagnethi, inokuqiniswa ngokusebenza okubandayo kwensimbi engenasici, i-329 yintsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-duplex engenasici.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-austenitic steel stainless steel, i-duplex yentsimbi ephezulu, ukuxhathisa kwi-intergranular corrosion kunye ne-chloride stress corrosion kunye ne-pitting corrosion iphuculwe kakhulu.
5. Imvula yenza lukhuni intsimbi engatyiwayo
I-matrix yi-austenitic okanye i-martensitic organisation, kwaye inokwenziwa lukhuni ngonyango lokuqina kwemvula ukuyenza lukhuni intsimbi engenasici.I-American Iron kunye ne-Steel Institute ukuya kwi-600 uchungechunge lweelebhile zedijithali, ezifana ne-630, oko kukuthi, i-17-4PH.
Ngokubanzi, ukongeza kwi-alloys, ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi ye-austenitic stainless iphezulu, kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-corrosion, ungasebenzisa i-ferritic stainless steel, kwiindawo ezinobume obunobukrakra, ukuba izinto ezifunekayo ukuba zibe namandla aphezulu okanye ubunzima obuphezulu, inokusebenzisa intsimbi ye-martensitic kunye nemvula eyenza lukhuni intsimbi engenasici.
Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa
Inkqubo yomphezulu
Umahluko wokutyeba
1. Ngenxa yokuba oomatshini bokusila bentsimbi kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka, imiqulu ifudunyezwa ngoguquko oluncinci, olukhokelela ekukhupheni ukutenxa kobungqingqwa bepleyiti, ngokubanzi kumbindi wamacala amabini obhityileyo.Ekulinganiseni ubukhulu beplani yemimiselo yelizwe kufuneka ilinganiswe phakathi kwentloko yepleyiti.
2. Isizathu sokunyamezela sisekelwe kwiimarike kunye neemfuno zabathengi, ngokubanzi zihlulwe zibe zinyamezelo ezinkulu kunye ezincinci.
V. Ukuvelisa, iimfuno zokuhlola
1. Ipleyiti yombhobho
① i-spliced tube plate butt joints kwi-100% yokuhlolwa kwe-ray okanye i-UT, inqanaba elifanelekileyo: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ inqanaba;
② Ukongeza kwintsimbi engatyiwayo, ipleyiti edityanisiweyo yeplate yoxinzelelo lobushushu;
③ ityhubhu yepleyiti yomngxuma ukutenxa ububanzi bebhulorho: ngokwefomula yokubala ububanzi bebhulorho yomngxuma: B = (S - d) - D1
Ubuncinci ububanzi bebhuloho yomngxuma: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Unyango lobushushu lwebhokisi yetyhubhu:
Intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ephantsi yealloyi edityaniswe kunye nokwahlulwa koluhlu lwebhokisi yombhobho, kunye nebhokisi yombhobho yokuvuleka okusecaleni ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobubanzi obungaphakathi bebhokisi yombhobho we-cylinder, ekusetyenzisweni kwe-welding yoxinzelelo. unyango lobushushu boncedo, i-flange kunye ne-partition sealing surface kufuneka iqhutywe emva konyango lobushushu.
3. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
Xa inkqubo yoyilo lweqokobhe uxinzelelo lungaphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwenkqubo yetyhubhu, ukuze kujongwe umgangatho wetyhubhu yokutshintsha ubushushu kunye noqhagamshelo kwipleyiti yetyhubhu.
① Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yeqokobhe ukonyusa uxinzelelo lovavanyo ngenkqubo yombhobho ehambelana novavanyo lwehydraulic, ukujonga ukuba ukuvuza kwamalungu emibhobho.(Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwefilimu oluphambili lwegobolondo ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydraulic ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Xa le ndlela ingentla ingafanelekanga, iqokobhe linokuba luvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic ngokoxinzelelo lwangaphambili emva kokudlula, kwaye emva koko iqokobhe lovavanyo lokuvuza kwe-ammonia okanye uvavanyo lokuvuza kwe-halogen.
Loluphi uhlobo lwentsimbi engabizi lula ukurusa?
Kukho izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezichaphazela ukurusa kwentsimbi engatyiwayo:
1.Umxholo we-alloying elements.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxholo we-chromium kwi-10.5% yentsimbi ayilula ukugqwala.Ukuphakama komxholo we-chromium kunye ne-nickel corrosion resistance is better, ezifana ne-304 ye-nickel content content ye-85 ~ 10%, umxholo we-chromium we-18% ~ 20%, intsimbi enjalo engenasici ngokubanzi ayirusi.
2. Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa yomenzi nayo iya kuchaphazela ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici.Itekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa ilungile, izixhobo eziphambili, itekhnoloji ephezulu, isityalo esikhulu sensimbi engenasici zombini kulawulo lwezinto ezixutywayo, ukususwa kobumdaka, ukulawulwa kobushushu bokupholisa kwebillet kunokuqinisekiswa, ngoko umgangatho wemveliso uzinzile kwaye uthembekile, umgangatho olungileyo wangaphakathi, hayi. kulula ukugqwala.Ngokuchasene noko, ezinye izixhobo zesityalo esincinci sentsimbi ngasemva, iteknoloji engasemva, inkqubo yokunyibilikisa, ukungcola akunakususwa, ukuveliswa kweemveliso kuya kuba ngumhlwa.
3. Imo engqongileyo yangaphandle.Indawo eyomileyo nengena umoya akulula ukuyirusa, ngelixa ukufuma komoya, imozulu yemvula eqhubekayo, okanye umoya oqulethe iasidi kunye nealkalinity yokusingqongileyo kulula ukurusa.I-304 insimbi engenasici, ukuba indawo engqongileyo imbi kakhulu nayo inomhlwa.
Amabala erust steel stainless how to deal with?
1.Indlela yeChemical
Nge-pickling paste okanye ukutshiza ukuncedisa iindawo zayo ezihlwahlwayo ukubuyisela ukubunjwa kwefilimu ye-chromium oxide ukubuyisela ukuxhathisa ukubola, emva kokukhetha, ukuze kususwe zonke izinto ezingcolileyo kunye neentsalela ze-asidi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumeza ukuhlanjululwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamanzi. .Emva kokuba yonke into icutshungulwe kwaye iphinde iphuculwe ngezixhobo zokuthambisa, inokuvalwa nge-wax yokupholisa.Kwindawo amabala omhlwa kancinci ingasetyenziswa 1:1 petroli, umxube oyile kunye rag ecocekileyo ukosula amabala umhlwa kungaba.
2. Iindlela zoomatshini
Ukucoca i-Sandblasting, ukucoca ngeglasi okanye i-ceramic particles blasting, obliteration, brushing and polishing.Iindlela zoomatshini zinamandla okusula ungcoliseko olubangelwa zizixhobo ezisuswe ngaphambili, izinto zokupolisha okanye izinto ezichithiweyo.Zonke iintlobo zongcoliseko, ngakumbi iintsimbi zentsimbi zangaphandle, zinokuba ngumthombo wokubola, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo.Ke ngoko, iindawo ezicocwe ngoomatshini kukhethwa ukuba zicocwe ngokusesikweni phantsi kweemeko ezomileyo.Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zoomatshini kuhlambulula kuphela indawo yayo kwaye ayitshintshi ukuxhathisa ukubola kwezinto ngokwazo.Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba uphinde uhlambulule umphezulu ngezixhobo zokupholisa kwaye uvale nge-wax yokupholisa emva kokucoca ngoomatshini.
Instrumentation ngokuqhelekileyo esetyenziswa amabakala steel stainless kunye neempawu
1.304 intsimbi engenasici.Yenye yeentsimbi ze austenitic stainless kunye nesicelo esikhulu kunye nosetyenziso olubanzi, olulungele ukuvelisa iindawo zokubumba ezinzulu kunye nemibhobho ye-asidi, izikhongozeli, iindawo zesakhiwo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizimba yesixhobo, njl. izixhobo zobushushu kunye namalungu.
2.304L intsimbi engenasici.Ukuze kulungiswe imvula ye-Cr23C6 ebangelwa yi-304 yensimbi engenasici kwezinye iimeko kukho ukuthambekela okunzulu kwi-intergranular corrosion kunye nophuhliso lwe-ultra-low carbon austenitic steel stainless steel, imeko yayo ye-intergranular yokuxhathisa i-corrosion ingcono kakhulu kune-304 insimbi engenasici.Ukongeza kumandla asezantsi kancinane, ezinye iipropathi ezine-321 intsimbi engatyiwayo, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa kunye namalungu azikwazi ukudityaniswa nonyango lwesisombululo, zingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zomzimba.
3.304H intsimbi engenasici.I-304 ye-stainless steel branch yangaphakathi, i-carbon mass fraction kwi-0.04% ~ 0.10%, ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kungcono kune-304 yensimbi engenasici.
4.316 intsimbi engenasici.Kwintsimbi ye-10Cr18Ni12 esekelwe ekongezwe kwe-molybdenum, ukwenzela ukuba intsimbi ibe nokuchasana okulungileyo ekunciphiseni imidiya kunye ne-pitting resistance corrosion.Kumanzi olwandle nakwamanye amajelo eendaba, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kubhetele kune-304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo, eyona nto isetyenziselwa ukugalela izixhobo ezinganyangekiyo.
5.316L intsimbi engenasici.Intsimbi ephantsi kakhulu yekhabhoni, enokumelana kakuhle nokukhula kwe-intergranular, ilungele ukwenziwa kobukhulu becandelo elishinyeneyo lamalungu adityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo, ezifana nezixhobo zepetrochemical kwimathiriyeli ekwaziyo ukuginya.
6.316H intsimbi engenasici.isebe langaphakathi le-316 yensimbi engenasici, i-carbon mass fraction ye-0.04% -0.10%, ukusebenza kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kungcono kune-316 insimbi engenasici.
7.317 intsimbi engenasici.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kunye nokuxhathisa kwe-creep kungcono kune-316L yensimbi engenasici, esetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-petrochemical kunye ne-organic acid ekwazi ukumelana nokutyiwa.
8.321 intsimbi engenasici.I-Titanium izinzile i-austenitic stainless steel, yongeza i-titanium ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-intergranular corrosion, kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo zokushisa eziphezulu zokushisa, inokutshintshwa yintsimbi ye-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel.Ukongeza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye ukuxhathisa i-hydrogen corrosion kunye nezinye iziganeko ezikhethekileyo, imeko eqhelekileyo ayikhuthazwa.
9.347 intsimbi engenasici.I-Niobium-stabilized austenitic steel stainless, i-niobium yongezwa ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion ye-intergranular, ukumelana nokubola kwi-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa kunye nezinye izinto ezidliwayo kunye ne-321 yensimbi engenastainless, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding, inokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezixhathisa ukubola kunye nentsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumandla obushushu, imimandla yepetrochemical, efana nokuveliswa kwezikhongozeli, imibhobho, ukutshintshiselana kobushushu, iishafti, iziko lamashishini kwityhubhu yesithando somlilo kunye nethemometha yetyhubhu yomlilo njalo njalo.
10.904L intsimbi engenasici.Intsimbi egqibeleleyo yeaustenitic egqwesileyo, intsimbi egqwesileyo ye austenitic engatyiwa yintsimbi eyaqanjwa ngu-Otto Kemp waseFinland, iqhezu lenickel yobunzima be-24% ukuya kwi-26%, iqhezu lekhabhoni elingaphantsi kwe-0.02%, ukumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, kwiiasidi ezingena-oxidising ezifana ne-sulfuric. , i-acetic, i-formic kunye ne-phosphoric acid inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye inokumelana okulungileyo kwi-crevice corrosion kunye nokuchasana noxinzelelo lweempawu ze-corrosion.Ifanelekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-asidi ye-sulfuric engaphantsi kwe-70 ℃, kwaye inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kwi-acetic acid kunye ne-asidi edibeneyo ye-asidi ye-formic kunye ne-acetic acid yayo nayiphi na ingxinano kunye naluphi na ubushushu phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.Umgangatho wokuqala we-ASMESB-625 ubonisa ukuba i-nickel-based alloys, kwaye umgangatho omtsha ubonisa ukuba insimbi engenasici.I-China kuphela ibakala elimalunga ne-015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 intsimbi, abenzi bezixhobo ezimbalwa zaseYurophu zezixhobo eziphambili ezisebenzisa i-904L yensimbi engenasici, efana ne-E + H's mass flowmeter measuring ityhubhu kukusetyenziswa kwe-904L yentsimbi, i-Rolex iwotshi isetyenziselwa i-904L insimbi engenasici.
11.440C intsimbi engenasici.I-Martensitic steel stainless, i-hard stainless steel, i-stainless steel in the high hardness, i-HRC57.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemilomo, iibheringi, iivalvu, iivalve spools, izihlalo zevalvu, imikhono, iziqu zevalvu, njl.
12.17-4PH intsimbi engenasici.Imvula yeMartensitic eyenza lukhuni intsimbi engatyiwayo, ukuqina kwe-HRC44, enamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, ayinakusetyenziselwa amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-300 ℃.Inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kuzo zombini i-atmospheric kunye ne-dilute acids okanye iityuwa, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwayo kufana naleyo ye-304 yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-430 yensimbi engenasici, esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamaqonga angaphandle konxweme, i-turbine blades, i-spools, izihlalo, imikhono. kunye neziqu zeevalvu.
Kwi-instrumentation profession, idibaniswe ngokubanzi kunye nemiba yeendleko, i-austenitic stainless stainless order order order is 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L insimbi engenasici, apho i-317 ingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo, i-321 ayikho. kucetyiswa, i-347 isetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu be-corrosion, i-904L yinto engagqibekanga yamacandelo athile abenzi ngabanye, uyilo aluyi kuthatha inyathelo lokukhetha i-904L.
Ekukhetheni uyilo lwesixhobo, kuya kubakho izixhobo ze-instrumentation ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zombhobho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kufuneka sihlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo ze-instrumentation ukuhlangabezana nezixhobo zenkqubo okanye ubushushu boyilo lombhobho kunye noxinzelelo loyilo, ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu chrome molybdenum umbhobho yentsimbi, lo gama isixhobo ukukhetha intsimbi stainless, ngoko kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba yingxaki, kufuneka uye ukudibana ubushushu impahla efanelekileyo kunye negeyiji yoxinzelelo.
Kukhetho loyilo lwesixhobo, luhlala ludibana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, uchungechunge, amabakala ensimbi engenasici, ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kwinkqubo ethile yemidiya, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, iindawo ezigxininisiweyo, ukubola kunye neendleko kunye nezinye iimbono.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-11-2023