Unyango lobushushu lubhekisa kwinkqubo ye-thermal yentsimbi apho izinto zifudumezwe khona, ezibanjiweyo kwaye zipholile kwindlela yokufudumeza kwimo eqinileyo ukuze ufumane umbutho oyifunayo kunye nepropathi.
I. Unyango lobushushu
1, Ukuziqhelanisa: intsimbi okanye iziqwenga zentsimbi zifudunyele kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC3 okanye i-ACM ngaphezulu kobushushu obufanelekileyo ukugcina ixesha elithile emva kokupholisa inkqubo yenkqubo yobushushu.
I-2, i-Annectic: I-Exectic yensimbi yensimbi ephelelwe lixesha le-20 ukuya kwengama-20 ukuya kwi-degrees, emva kokubamba ixesha, okanye ikhutshiwe ngokuthe tyaba (okanye ikhutshiwe) ukuya kwi-500 degrees kwiNkqubo yoNyango lobushushu.
3, Unyango lwesisombululo esiqinileyo: I-Alloty ifudunyelelwa kwiqondo lokushishina eliphezulu lokugcina, ukuze isigaba esigqithisileyo sichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwisisombululo esiqinileyo senkqubo yenkqubo yexabiso eliqinileyo lonyango.
4, Ukwaluphala: Emva konyango oluqinileyo lobushushu okanye ukuvela kweplastiki ebandayo, xa kusenziwa kubushushu begumbi okanye kugcinwe kubushushu obungaphantsi kuneqondo lobushushu kwigumbi, ibala lezinto zalo litshintsha ngexesha.
Unyango oluqinileyo lwesisombululo: Ukuze ube ne-nofloy kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zichithwe ngokupheleleyo, yomeleze isisombululo esiqinileyo kwaye uphucule ubunzima kunye nokunganyangeki koxinzelelo, ukuqhubekeka ukuqhubekeka nokulungisa.
Unyango olu-6, ukufudumeza: ukufudumeza nokubamba kwiqondo lokushisa iSigaba sokuFunyanwa kweSigaba sokuQinisekisa, ukuze ukucaciswa kwesigaba sokuqinisekisa ukuqaqamba, ukuba siphucule amandla.
7, Ukucuthwa kwe-Isupstitation emva kokupholisa inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokupholisa, ukuze i-Deriece kwicandelo lemibutho yonke okanye uluhlu oluthile ubume benkqubo yobushushu.
8, ukuThengwa: Umsebenzi oSebenzayo oQhelekileyo uya kukhathalelwa kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-AC1 i-ACT ixesha elithile, kwaye ke upholile ngokungqinelana neemfuno zendlela, ukuze ufumane umbutho oyifunayo kunye nepropathi yenkqubo yobushushu.
I-9, i-carbonitering yentsimbi: I-carbonitering ikwi-suble yentsimbi kwangalo xesha elingenasiphelo senkqubo yekhabhoni ne-nitrogen. I-carboning ye-carbonition ikwabizwa ngokuba yiCynide, i-carbonitouraf yegesi yegesi kunye ne-carbonite ye-carbonim Eyona njongo iphambili ye-carbhoni yokushishina nge-gesi ephakathi kukuphucula ubulukhuni, nxiba ukunganyangeki kunye nokudinwa kwamandla entsimbi. I-carbhoni yokulima igesi ephantsi ukuya kwi-nitrication-esekwe, eyona njongo yayo kukuphucula ukuxhathisa impahla yentsimbi kunye nokuluma.
I-10, unyango olunetyala (ukucima kunye nokucaphuka): Isiko eliqhelekileyo liya kucinywa kwaye livuthiwe kubushushu obuphezulu ngokudibeneyo nonyango lobushushu olwaziwa njengonyango lomsindo. Unyango lokutsala lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinxalenye eyahlukeneyo yesakhiwo, ngakumbi abo basebenza phantsi kwemithwalo yokutshintsha iintonga, iibhotile, iigiya kunye nemingxunya. Ukutsalwa emva kokuba unyango lomlinganiso lube nonyango lombutho ovuthayo, iipropathi zayo zoomatshini zingcono kunobunzima obufanayo boMbutho weSohnite oqhelekileyo. Ubunzima bayo buxhomekeke kubushushu obuphezulu bamaqondo obushushu kunye nokuzinza kwentsimbi kunye nozinzo lwensimbi kunye nobungakanani becandelo lokusebenza, ngokubanzi phakathi kweHB200-350.
11, I-Brazing: Ngezixhobo zeBrazang ziya kuba ziindidi ezimbini ze-willsfied zokunyibilikisi
II.TIimpawu zenkqubo
Unyango lobushushu lwensimbi yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yoomatshini, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zoomatshini, unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi alutshintshi yobume bemichiza, okanye ngokutshintsha ukusetyenziswa kweepropathi zomsebenzi. Iphawuleka ngokuphuculwa komgangatho ongumsebenzi wezinto zomsebenzi, ezingabonakaliyo kwiliso elingezo. Ukwenzela ukwenza umsebenzi wesinyithi ngeempawu ezifunekayo zoomatshini, iipropathi zomzimba kunye neepropathi zekhemikhali, ukongeza kukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo kunye nenkqubo yokubumba, inkqubo yobushushu idla ngokubaluleka. Insimbi zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini loomatshini, ubushushu bensimbi, bunokulawulwa bunyango lobushushu, ngoko ke ubushushu bentsimbi ngonyango oluphambili lwensimbi yobushushu besinyithi. Ukongeza, i-aluminium, iMagnesium, i-magnesium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izabelo zinokuba kukunyanga ubushushu ukutshintsha iindlela zayo, zekhemikhali, ukuze ufumane intsebenzo eyahlukileyo.
Iii.Tuqhubekeka
Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukufudumeza, ukubamba, ukupholisa iinkqubo ezintathu, ngamanye amaxesha kukhula kuphela kwaye kupholile iinkqubo ezimbini. Ezi nkqubo ziqhagamshelwe omnye komnye, azinakuphazamiseka.
Ukufudumeza yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zonyango lobushushu. Unyango lobushushu lwensimbi lweendlela ezininzi zokushushu, okokuqala kukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kunye namalahle njengoMthombo wobushushu, ukusetyenziswa kwakutsha nje kweglasi. Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwenza ukufudumeza kulula ukulawula, kwaye akukho lungcoliseko lwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obushushu kunokuvutha ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kunye netyuwa okanye ngetyuwa yentsimbi, ukuya kwisuntswana lentshukumo engathanga ngqo.
Ukufudumeza ngokwesinyithi, i-oxidation ivezwe ngumoya, i-oxidation, i-dereburgeration ihlala ivela (okt, umxholo wekhabhoni wamalungu entsimbi ukunciphisa), eneempembelelo ezimbi kakhulu kwipropathi ephathwayo. Ke ngoko, isinyithi kufuneka sibe kwimeko elawulwayo okanye imeko ekhuselekileyo, ityuwa ekhuselayo kunye netyuwa yokufudumeza, kodwa ikwakhona iingubo zokukhusela.
Iqondo lokushisa yenye yeeparamitha ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yobushushu yonyango, ukhetho kunye nolawulo lobushushu obushushu, kukuqinisekisa umgangatho wonyango lobushushu. Iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza liyahluka ngemibandela yentsimbi ephathwayo kunye nenjongo yonyango lobushushu, kodwa ngokubanzi ziyafudula ngaphezulu kobushushu benqanaba lokutshintsha ukufumana umbutho wobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, inguquko ifuna ixesha elithile, ke xa umphezulu we-therpiece yokusebenza, kodwa kufuneka ugcinwe kweli xesha lexesha elithile, ukuze iqondo lobushushu langaphakathi lingangqinelani, loo nto iguqulwe njengeyona nto igqityiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kokufudumeza okuphezulu kwenkunkuma kunye nonyango lobushushu, izinga lokufudumeza likhawuleza kakhulu, kusekho ixesha lokubamba, ngelixa ixesha lokufumana amachiza lihlala lide.
Ukupholisa kukwakwinyathelo elingenakuthelekiswa nenkqubo yobushushu yonyango, iindlela zokupholisa ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu kukulawula izinga lokupholisa. Ixabiso lokupholisa ngokubanzi lelona liyithambeka elicothayo, eliqhelekileyo inqanaba lokupholisa likhawuleza, ukucima inqanaba lokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa nangenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zensimbi kwaye babe neemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngentsimbi enamafutha anokufundwa ngenqanaba elifanayo lokupholisa njengeziqhelo.
IV.PUkuhlelwa kweRost
Inkqubo yensimbi yobushushu eshushu ingahlulwa ngokwahlula-hlulwe ibe kukunyanga ubushushu, unyango lobushushu obuphakathi lwamayeza kunye nonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali zezigaba ezintathu. Ngokwendlela yokufudumeza, ubushushu bokufudumeza kunye nendlela yokupholisa eyahlukileyo, udidi ngalunye lunokwenziwa lube yinkqubo eyahlukileyo yonyango lobushushu. Intsimbi efanayo usebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga, unokufumana imibutho eyahlukileyo, ngaloo ndlela unepropathi eyahlukileyo. Isinyithi kunye nentsimbi yesona sinyithi sisetyenziswa kakhulu kumzi-mveliso, kwaye sowaliselwa intsimbi yesona sintsonkothileyo, ke kukho inkqubo eyahlukeneyo yonyango lobushushu.
Unyango lobushushu ngokubanzi kukufudumeza ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi, kwaye ke kupholile ngereyithi efanelekileyo, ukufumana umbutho ofunekayo, ukufumana umbutho ofunekayo, ukuze utshintshe iipropathi zayo ezinobushushu bensimbi yobushushu besinyithi. Unyango lobushushu bentsimbi lwentsimbi ngokuhlwayo, buqhelekileyo, ukucima kunye nokumlinganisa iinkqubo ezine ezisisiseko.
Inkqubo ithetha:
I-Anneiling yimsebenzi yokusebenza ishushu kubushushu obufanelekileyo, ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nobungakanani bexesha lokusebenza usebenzisa i-Countelight Lizwe, kwaye emva koko kuphoxeke ngokusebenza kwentsimbi, ukufumana i-Praction Sport kunye nendlela yokusebenza, okanye ukukoyisa umbutho wamalungiselelo.
Ukuziqhelanisa ngokusebenzayo kukuba umsebenzi osebenzayo ushushu kubushushu obufanelekileyo emva kokupholisa emoyeni, isiphumo sokuqhelisela okuqhelekileyo sifana nokuphucula ukusebenza kwempahla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ezinye iinxalenye ezifunwayo njengonyango oluncinci.
Ukucofa ngumsebenzi osebenzayo kwaye kushushu, emanzini, ioyile okanye ezinye izisombululo ze-inorganic, izisombululo ze-organic eziphezulu kunye nolunye ucikidileyo ukuphola ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokucimeka, iinxalenye zentsimbi ziba nzima, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ziba brittle, ukuze ziphelise ubuchwephesha ngendlela yexesha elifanelekileyo, ziyimfuneko kakhulu ukuhendwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubugcisa beentsimbi, amalungu entsimbi ecinyiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo nangaphantsi kwe-650 ℃ ixesha elide lokufakelwa, kwaye ke bapholile, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso. Ukulungisa, ukungqubana okuqhelekileyo, ukucofa, ukuwaphula umthetho kukunyanga ubushushu 'kwimililo emine ", leyo ihambelana nokucofa kwaye idla ngokuhamba ngokusondeleyo, idla ngokusebenzisana, enye ibalulekile. "Umlilo omane" ngeqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza kunye nemodi yokupholisa eyahlukileyo, kwaye ivelise inkqubo eyahlukileyo yonyango. Ukuze ufumane inqanaba elithile lamandla kunye nobunzima, ukucingela kunye nokuthengisela kubushushu obuphezulu kudityaniswe nenkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso. Emva kokuba izabelo ezithile eziqinisekisiweyo zicekeceke ukwenza isisombululo esomeleleyo se-uprature, zibanjwa kubushushu begumbi okanye kubushushu obufanelekileyo obuphezulu ixesha elide ukuze kuphuculwe ubunzima, amandla, okanye ubuchwephesha boMbane we-Alloty. Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ibizwa ngokuba yimfuno yabadala.
Uxinzelelo lokuSebenza kunye nonyango lobushushu ngempumelelo kwaye ludityaniswe luphume, ukuze i-protoriece ifumane amandla amahle kakhulu, ukuqina kwendlela eyaziwa ngokuba yimpatho ye-desformation; Kwimo yoxinzelelo olungalunganga okanye i-vacuum kubushushu obushushu esaziwa ngokuba yinyanga yobushushu bonyango, engacacanga, qhubeka nokusebenza, phucula indlela yokusebenza, kodwa kunye nearhente ye-osmouting yonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali.
Unyango lobushushu olungaphantsi lufudumeza kuphela umaleko womsebenzi wokutshintsha iipropathi zoomatshini bokubekwa kwenkqubo yentsimbi yobushushu. Ukwenzela ukufudumeza kuphela umaleko womsebenzi ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukuba, ukusetyenziswa kobushushu kufuneka kube nenqanaba lezinto zomsebenzi, okanye kwicandelo lendawo yendawo yokusebenza okanye i-World lingayindlela efikelela kwiqondo lobushushu. Unyango lobushushu obungaphezulu kweyona ndlela iphambili yokufumana kunye nokungenisa unyango lokufudumeza, imithombo yobushushu esetyenziswayo efana ne-oxiyacellylene okanye i-oxypropane, i-laser kunye ne-emetron beam.
Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali yinkqubo ye-special super yokutshintsha ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, umbutho kunye neepropathi zomgangatho womgangatho womsebenzi. Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali lwahlukile kunyango lobushushu bokuba ngaphambili ubume bemichiza yekhemi bomatshini wokusebenza. Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali lubekwa kwi-corbon elinekhabhoni, imithombo yeendaba okanye enye into eyalayo (igesi, i-roron kunye ne-chromium kunye nezinye izinto. Emva kokufumana izinto, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iinkqubo zokunyanga ubushushu ezinjengokucingisisa kunye nokucinywa. Iindlela eziphambili zonyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali ziyabuthwala, zine-nitrical, ingeyise yensimbi.
Unyango lobushushu yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso yoomatshini kunye nokubumba. Ngokubanzi, inokuqinisekisa kwaye iphucule ipropati ezahlukeneyo yomsebenzi, njengokunganyangeki, ukumelana nokucoca. Ingaphucula intlangano yendawo engenanto nengxamisekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibandayo nezishushu.
Umzekelo: I-White Empley Emva kwentsimbi emva kwexesha elide inyanga ifunyenwe ingafunyanwa i-iron yentsimbi, ukuphucula iplastiki; I-Gears enenkqubo echanekileyo yonyango, ubomi benkonzo bungaphezulu kokunganyangwa ngamatye atyhafileyo okanye amaxesha amaninzi; Ukongeza, i-carbon ye-carbon ngokungenisa izinto ezithile zolwabiwo zinengxaki yentsimbi, inokuthatha indawo ethile echasene nobushushu, intsimbi engenasiseko; I-FOLDS kunye ne-DEDA iphantse yonke into ifuna ukuya kunyango lobushushu inokusetyenziswa kuphela emva konyango lobushushu.
IZINYANISO ZOKUXELISA
I. iintlobo zokungena
Ukulinganisa yinkqubo yobushushu yonyango apho umsebenzi wokusebenza ushushu kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo, ubanjelwe ixesha elithile, emva koko kupholile ngokuthe chu.
Zininzi iindidi zenkqubo yokutsalwa kwentsimbi, ngokwamaqondo obushushu ashushu anokwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa kweqondo lobushushu Enye ingaphantsi kweqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo, kubandakanya nokuphinda-phinda i-recystalling kwaye i-de-dennering and nverang, njl .. Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, i-anneng inokwahlulwa ukuba i-isothermal ifumane i-isothermal kunye nokuphola kokupholisa.
1, Gqibezela i-Aneng kunye ne-isothermal
Gcwalisa i-Anneng, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-revrystallition, ngokubanzi ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi, yintsimbi okanye intsimbi enesitekethi ye-20 ℃, i-inshunsile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihambelane nenkqubo yokulingana yenkqubo yonyango lobushushu. Oku kuphalalo kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ekuqulunqweni kwe-sublectal ye-carbon eyahlukeneyo yekhabhoni kunye nokuzimisela ngentsimbi kunye neeprofayili ezinamanzi ashushu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa izakhiwo ze-welded. Ngokubanzi rhoqo njengenani leyona mpatho inzima yokusebenza, okanye njengonyango lwangaphambi kobushushu bezinto zomsebenzi.
I-2, ibhola iyaphila
I-spheroidal isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwi-carbon yentsimbi ye-carbon yentsimbi kunye ne-alloy yesixhobo sentsimbi (njengokwenziwe ngezixhobo ezikhoyo, ii gaugs, izikhumba kwaye ziyafa kwintsimbi esetyenziswa kwintsimbi). Eyona njongo iphambili kukunciphisa ubunzima, ukuphucula uomatshini, kwaye balungiselele ukucokiswa kwexesha elizayo.
3, Uncedo loxinzelelo
Uncedo loxinzelelo oluthile, lwaziwa ngokuba luhlaza amazantsi able (okanye ukumbonisa ubushushu obuphezulu), oku kubizwa ikakhulu kukuphelisa izikrozo, iindawo eziluxolelayo, iinxalenye ezinamanzi ashushu, ezinye iingcingo ezibandayo. Ukuba olu xinzelelo aluphekanga, luya kubangela intsimbi emva kwexesha elithile, okanye kwinkqubo yokusika elandelayo yokuvelisa impatho okanye imifula.
I-4. Ukunxibelelana okungaphelelanga kukutshisa intsimbi ukuya kwi-AC1 ~ AC3
II.Ukucima, eyona isetyenziswayo isetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo yi-brine, amanzi neoyile.
Ukucingela amanzi ityiwa yetyuwa, kulula ukufumana ubunzima obukhulu kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo, akukho lula ukuvelisa ukungcungcutheka indawo ethambileyo, kodwa kulula ukwenza i-Dectoriece Scisfied, kwaye ikhutshiwe. Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile njengoko i-quenching ephakathi ilungele kuphela ukuzinza kwe-Auscodite e-Auscodite inkulu kwintsimbi ye-aloty okanye ubungakanani be-carbon ye-carbon yentsimbi.
Iii.Injongo yentsimbi
1, Ukucutha ububanzi, ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, inyibiba yokuhamba kukho uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokubonisa ubuchwephesha, njengokungakhathali ngexesha rhoqo kuya kwenza ukuqhekeza intsimbi okanye nokuba kukrakra.
2, Ukufumana iipropathi ezifunwayo zendlela yokusebenza, umsebenzi wokusebenza emva kokucingela ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezinto ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ubugqwirha bokunciphisa ububanzi beqhinga, iprintaty.
3, ukuzinzisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi
4, Kuba i-anneling kunzima ukuthambisa izitho ezimfutshane, kwi-cienching (okanye ukwenza) kusetyenziswa emva kokumka komsindo omkhulu, ukuze i-carfide yentsimbi ifanelekile, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukunqunyulwa kunye nokusebenza.
Iikhonsepthi ezongezelelweyo
1, I-Anneng: ibhekisa kwizinto zentsimbi ebunjiwe kubushushu obufanelekileyo, igcinwe kangangexesha elithile, kwaye emva koko ikhuphe ngokuthe ngcembe inkqubo yonyango. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokungenisa:
2, Ukuguqula okuqhelekileyo: kubhekiswa kwintsimbi okanye intsimbi eshushu okanye (intsimbi kwindawo enobushushu), i-30 ~ 50 ~ Ukugcina ixesha elifanelekileyo, ukupholisa kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu bomoya. Injongo yokuphucula ubuchwephesha be-carbon yentsimbi, ukuphucula ukusikwa kunye nobisi, ukulungisa okuziinkozo, ukuphelisa impatho yombutho, malunga nonyango lokugqibela lokulungisa umbutho.
3, Ukucingela: kubhekiswa kwi-STEE yentsimbi kwi-AC3 okanye i-AC1 Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuhamba zikuvuyela i-quenching enye, iphakathi ephakathi, ukucutha i-cunching, i-bainery ye-isothermal ye-isothermal, ukucima umphezulu kunye nokucinywa komhlaba. INJONGO YOKUGQIBELA
4 Iinkqubo eziPhambili ziQhelekileyo zezi: Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, amaqondo obushushu aphakathi amlingane, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuhendwa okuninzi.
Injongo yokuThengiselana
5, Ukuhendwa: kubhekiswa kwintsimbi okanye intsimbi yokucingela kunye nokuxinana kobushushu benkqubo yonyango lobushushu. Isetyenziswe kunyango lomlinganiso wensimbi ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi evuthiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekisa kwi-carbon ye-carbon ye-carbon kunye ne-scaches yekhabhoni yekhabhoni.
I-6, ukucamngca: Ukubekwa inqwelo-mafutha yinkqubo yokwenza i-atom yekharbon ingena kumphezulu wentsimbi yentsimbi. Kukwenze ukuba i-carbon ye-carbon ye-carbon inomgangatho wensimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, emva koko emva kokucima kunye nokulinganisa ubushushu, ngelixa inxalenye yomsebenzi igcina ubunzima kunye neplasitiki yentsimbi yekhabhoni esezantsi.
Indlela ye-vacuum
Kuba ukufudumeza kunye nemisebenzi yokupholisa yezinyithi zensimbi ifuna ishumi elinambini okanye inyathelo lezenzo ukuba lizalise. Ezi zenzo zenziwa ngaphakathi kwi-vacuum yokuphumla Kwangelo xesha, ezinye iintshukumo, njengokufudumeza kwaye zibambe isiphelo senkqubo yokuhamba ngentsimbi yentsimbi iya kuba ziintshukumo ezintandathu, ezisixhenxe kwaye zigqitywe kwimizuzwana eli-15. Iimeko ezinabantu abanabantu abagulayo ukugqiba iintshukumo ezininzi, kulula ukubangela ukuba nexhala zomqhubi kunye nokwenza ukungabi naziimeko. Ke ngoko, kuphela inqanaba eliphezulu le-automation linokuchaneka, ukulungelelaniswa kwexesha ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokungqinelana nenkqubo.
Unyango lobushushu lwe-vacuum lwezinto zensimbi zenziwa kwi-vacuum ye-vacuum yendawo, ukutywinwa kwengqondo eqinileyo kuyaziwa. Ke ngoko, ukufumana nokubambelela kwireyithi yendawo yokuphumeza impahla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-vacuum yendawo yendawo yokuphumla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wezinto ze-vacuum ubushushu zinokubaluleka kakhulu. Ke umba ophambili wezinto zokunyanga ezishushu Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwe-vacuum yeziko, i-vacuum yobushushu bonyango Ifakwe kumacandelo omzimba we-vacuum ye-vacuum ye-vacuum, izixhobo, ezinje nge-elektrodes epholileyo, isixhobo se-thermocouple kufuneka siyenzelwe ukutywina isakhiwo.
Uninzi lwemfumba kunye nezinto zokwahlula izinto zinokusetyenziswa kuphela phantsi kwe-vacuum. Vacuum heat treatment furnace heating and thermal insulation lining is in the vacuum and high temperature work, so these materials put forward the high temperature resistance, radiation results, thermal conductivity and other requirements. Iimfuneko zokuchasana kwe-oxidation aziphezulu. Ke ngoko, i-vacuum yendawo yokunyangwa i-viuguum isetyenziswe ngokubanzi iTantalm, i-tungsten, i-molybdenum kunye negrafu yokufudumeza kunye ne-intermal yento yokufudumeza. Ezi zixhobo zilula kakhulu ukuba zichaphazele kwimozulu yasemoyeni, ke ngoko, isithando somlilo onyango
Isixhobo esipholileyo samanzi: Unyango lwe-vacuum yobushushu bonyango lwe-Sheell, I-SORTROAI YENKONZO, I-ENGRASDS EREDRODS, IZITHUTHA ZOKUGQIBELA Ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezingalunganga kakhulu, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubume becandelo ngalinye abungajongi okanye zonakaliswe, kwaye itywina lokuphumla alitshiswanga okanye litshiswe. Ke ngoko, icandelo ngalinye kufuneka libekwe ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo zokupholisa amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitya zokunyanga ezishushu zinokusebenza ngokwesiqhelo kwaye zinobomi obaneleyo bokusetyenziswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-voltage ephantsi: Okwangoku i-vacururd, xa kuluhlu lwe-vacuum ye-vacuum ye-LXLO-1, isitya sothunge esiphezulu, isikhongozeli se-vacuum, isikhongozeli somqhubi ongumntu onamandla, siya kuvelisa i-glomen ye-glomer. Kwindawo yokuphumla yonyango lwe-vacuum, i-Arc enzulu ye-ARC iya kuyitshisa into yokufudumeza, i-insed, ibangela ingozi enkulu kunye nelahleko. Ke ngoko, i-vacuum ye-vacuum yobushushu yokuthathwa kwempahla yokufudumala Kwangelo xesha linye kwi-faction yombane yokufudumeza uyilo lokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo, njengokuzama ukuphepha ukuba nencam yamalungu, ukuntywila phakathi kwe-elektrode phakathi kwe-electrodes akunakuba mncinci kakhulu, ukukhutshwa kwe-arc.
Ukucaphuka
Ngokweemfuno zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi womsebenzi, ngokwahlukeneyo amaqondo obushushu awo ahlukeneyo, ahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa:
(a) Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi (i-150-250 degrees)
Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi amcaphukisa umbutho onesiphumo sokuvutha nguma Martinete. Injongo yayo kukugcina ubunzima obuphakamileyo kunye nokunxiba okuphezulu kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo phantsi kwesona sendawo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuphepha ukutshayela okanye ukonakala kwangoko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika i-carbon, i-gauges, i-gesings ebandayo, eziqengqelekayo kunye neenxalenye ze-carburid, njl njl.
(ii) Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi (i-250500 ye-degrees)
Umbutho oPhakathi lobushushu obungaphantsi komzimba ovuthiweyo. Injongo yayo kukufumana amandla aphezulu esivuno, umda we-elastic kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Ke ngoko, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu imithombo eyahlukeneyo kunye nomsebenzi oshushu wokuqhubela phambili, ubunzima obukhawulezayo buxhaphake ngokubanzi hrc35-50.
(C) Iqondo lobushushu ephezulu (500-650 degrees)
Ubushushu obuphezulu bombutho we-Sohnite ovuthuzayo. Ukucingisisa ngokwesiko kunye nonyango lobushushu obuphezulu olwaludibeneyo olwaziwa njengonyango lonyango, injongo yalo kukufumana amandla, ubukhali kunye neplastiki, ubunzima bezinto ezingcono. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiimoto, iitrektara, izixhobo zomatshini kunye nezinye iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo, njengokudibanisa iintonga, iibhotile, iigiya kunye nemingxunya. Ubunzima emva kokutshutshiswa yi-HB200-30.
Uthintelo lweSpecial
Izizathu zokuchasana nokungalunganga ezinobunzima zihlala zintsonkothi, kodwa siluthahla nje umyalelo wayo, sihlalutye unobangela wayo, sisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela, kodwa kukwazi ukulawula, kodwa kukwazi ukulawula, kodwa kukwakwazi ukulawula. Ngokubanzi, unyango lobushushu lwengxokolo yokungachanekanga bunokuthatha ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokuthintela.
(1) Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo. Intsimbi ebalulekileyo echanekileyo ifanele ibe zizixhobo ezikhethiweyo zensimbi yensimbi (ezinje ngentsimbi yentsimbi), i-carbide ye-carbide yensimbi yensimbi yentsimbi inokuba sisisombululo esiqinileyo sonyango.
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Ukongeza, umsebenzi ochanekileyo wonyango ononyango (njengemingxunya exutyungelweyo, imingxunya eboshwe, iindlela zokufudumeza, indlela efanelekileyo yokuphononongwa, ukukhetha kwendlela yokuphola, kukunciphisa ukungcungcutheka kokuchaneka kunye nezenzo ezinzima.
Ukucima umphezulu nokucinywa kobushushu obutshatileyo kudla ngokuqhutywa ngokuthambisa okanye ukufudumeza. Iiparamitha eziphambili zobuqili bubunzima obuphambili, ubunzima bendawo kunye nobunzulu bobunzulu bobuqili obusebenzayo. Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kobunzima lunokusetyenziswa i-Wivers Serter, inokusetyenziswa kwakhona i-robwell okanye i-rockwell okanye i-rockwell rock. Ukukhetha amandla ovavanyo (isikali) inxulumene nobunzulu becala elicekeceke kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi. Iindidi ezintathu zobunzima ezibandakanyekayo apha.
Okokuqala, iViskers Ilukhuni i-tester yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuvavanya ubushushu obungaphantsi kobushushu, inokukhethwa ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-100kg yomatshini wokuvavanya i-0.0mm iphezulu, kwaye ikwazi ukwahlula ukungafani kweyona nto iphantsi kobuqili. Ukongeza, ubunzulu bomaleko ophumelelayo obunamandla kufuneka bufunyaniswe ngabaphumeleleyo, ngenxa yoko kusetyenzwa kakhulu kunyango okanye inani elikhulu leeyunithi ezisebenzisa i-tertersfied yonyango.
Okwesibini, umphezulu we-rockwell titer ilungele ukuvavanya ubunzima bomsebenzi oqinileyo, umphezulu we-rockwell rockwell titer uneekati ezintathu ukuba zikhethe kuzo. Unokuvavanya ubunzulu obusebenzayo obusebenzayo obungaphezulu kwe-0.1mm ye-Worpiest yokusebenza. Nangona umphezulu we-rockwell ubunzima obuqinileyo bokuchaneka kwelanga abuphakamisi njengabaphumeleleyo, kodwa njengolawulo lomgangatho wonyango lwezityalo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho wobushushu kunye nokufumana iimfuno. Ngapha koko, ikwanokusebenza ngokulula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukulinganisa okukhawulezayo, kunokufunda ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lobunzima kunye nezinye izinto ezinobunzima be-rockwell. Oku kubalulekile ukuba kusetyenzwe isinyithi kunye nomatshini wokutya.
Okwesithathu, xa unyango lobushushu obukhuselekileyo lube lukhuni, lungasetyenziswa kwakhona i-robwell titer. Xa unyango lobushushu lukhuni ububanzi be-0.4 ~ 0.8mm, inokusetyenziswa isilinganiselo seHRA, xa i-HITER YAMANDLA OKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA.
I-Vickers, i-Rockwell kunye neProckwell Iintlobo ezintathu zokuxabiseka zinokuguqulwa ngokulula komnye nomnye, ziguqulwe kumgangatho, imizobo okanye umsebenzisi ufuna ixabiso lobunzima. Iitheyibhile ezihambelanayo zinikezelwa kwi-ISO yaseMpahla yeHlabathi ye-ISO, iAmerican Standard Astm kunye ne-China esemgangathweni GB / T.
Ukukhanya kwendawo
Amalungu ukuba iimfuno ezinzima zendawo eziphakamileyo, ezikhoyo zokufudusela ukuyalela kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango lwasekhaya lokunciphisa ubushushu, iinxalenye ezinjalo kufuneka ziphawule indawo yokunyanga ubushushu bendawo yokugcina ubushushu kunye nexabiso lobunzima bendawo. Ukuvavanywa kobunzima bezinxalenye kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo echongiweyo. Izixhobo zokuvavanywa kobunzima zinokusetyenziswa i-robwell titer, uvavanyo lwe-HRC lovavanyo lwe-HRC, njengonyango lwe-SURG HORDORD OLUFANELEKILEYO, IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA.
Unyango lobushushu ngemichiza
Unyango lobushushu lwekhemikhali kukwenza umphezulu ongenantlonelo yendlela yokusebenza ye-ofisi ye-athom, ukutshintsha ubume bekhemikhali, umbutho kunye nokusebenza komphezulu womsebenzi. Emva kokucima kunye nokuxinana kweqondo lobushushu elinomsindo, umphezulu womsebenzi unelukhuni ephezulu, enxibe ukunganyangeki kunye nokunxibelelana nokutyeshela, ngelixa eyona nto ibalulekileyo inobunzima obuphakathi.
Ngokwangoku, ukufunyanwa nokurekhodwa kweqondo lobushushu kwiNkqubo yoNyango yobushushu kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ulawulo lobushushu oluhlwempu lunempembelelo enkulu kwimveliso. Ke ngoko, ukufunyanwa kobushushu kubaluleke kakhulu, imeko yobushushu kuyo yonke inkqubo ikwabaluleke kakhulu, okukhokelela kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu kufuneka irekhodwe kuguquko lweqondo lobushushu, kodwa likwazi ukubona ukuba leliphi ixesha lobushushu engafezekisi iimfuno. Oku kuya kudlala indima enkulu ekuphuculeni unyango lobushushu kwixesha elizayo.
Inkqubo yokuSebenza
1, Hlambulula indawo yokusebenza, jonga ukuba ngaba izixhobo zokuhambisa, izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nokutshintsha ezahlukeneyo ziqhelekileyo, nokuba umthombo wamanzi ugudileyo.
2, Abanini zithuthi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokukhusela abasebenzi, kungenjalo ziya kuba yingozi.
3, Vula ulawulo lwamandla olawulo jikelele
4, Ukunikela ingqalelo kubushushu besibongo sonyango kunye nommiselo wesantya se-mesh belt, unokuyifumana imigangatho yobushushu efunekayo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ubunzima bomsebenzi kunye nokuntywila kwe-oxidation, kwaye wenza umsebenzi ofanelekileyo wokhuseleko.
5, Ukunikela ingqalelo kubushushu besibeleko somlilo kunye ne-mesh Bell isantya, vula umoya wokugcoba, ukuze isebenze, ukuze isebenze emva kokuba umlinganiso ukuze afezekise iimfuno zomgangatho.
6, ngomsebenzi kufuneka unamathele kwiposi.
7, Ukucwangcisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zomlilo, kwaye ziqhelene neendlela zokusetyenziswa kunye nolondolozo.
8, Xa simisa umatshini, kufuneka sijonge ukuba zonke iitshintshi zolawulo zikwisimo ikwisimo, emva koko zivale ukutshintshelwa kwendalo iphela.
Ukugcwala
Ukusuka kumlomo oqinileyo wezixhobo ze-roller Izixhobo ezithwala zinokujongwa emva kokucima ulwalamano oluncinci. Kodwa ukumisela inqanaba elichanekileyo lokugxeka kufuneka libone uLwakhiwo lweMicrosoft. Ukuba kwi-GCR15 intsimbi ecimeyo inombutho kwinkangeleko yenaliti yenaliti yenaliti, icacisa umbutho oguqukayo. Isizathu sokusekwa kwamaqondo obushushu eshushu sinokuba phezulu kakhulu okanye ukufudumeza kwaye ukubamba ixesha lide kakhulu kubangelwa luluhlu olupheleleyo lokugqitha. Ingaba kungenxa yombutho woqobo we-carbide ye-carbide, kwindawo ephantsi yekhabhoni phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zenza inaliti ye-Marteyiki yasekhaya, ekhokelela ekwenzeni ukugqithisa ngokugqithileyo. I-Austedite ye-Austedite kwi-orch egcweleyo inyuka, kwaye uzinzo luyenzeka. Ngenxa yokugxeka kombutho ophelayo, i-Crystal yentsimbi ihamba, eya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwegrotity yenxalenye, ukunyangwa kwempembelelo kuncitshiswa, kwaye ubomi bengxolo buncitshisiwe. Ukugqitha kakhulu kunokubangela ukunciphisa imifula.
Ukhathalelo
Ukuphola iqondo lokushisa kukuphola okanye ukungalunganga kuya kuvelisa ngaphezulu kombutho weTorrhenite osemgangathweni weTorerhenite kwi-Microshenite ye-MicRhenite ebonakalayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yintlangano ethambileyo, echaphazela ubomi beendawo ezinqabileyo.
Ukucima i-rocks
I-roller ethwele iinxalenye kwinkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokupholisa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ebuhlungu ebizwa ngokuba yi-crocks crocks. Unobangela wemingxunya enjalo: Ngenxa yokufumana iqondo lobushushu lokufudumeza liphezulu kakhulu okanye ukupholisa kuninzi kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye notshintsho lwe-thermal kunye notshintsho lwentsimbi kwi-quelty; umphezulu wesiphene sokuqala (njengokuqhekeka komhlaba okanye ukukrwada) okanye isiphene sangaphakathi esinentsimbi (njengamabala amnyama, amabala amhlophe, i-shris. umphezulu womhlaba uphantsi komhlaba kunye ne-carbide yokwahlulahlula; amalungu acinyiwe emva kokubanjwa angonelanga okanye ukubanjwanga; Uxinzelelo lwe-punch ebandayo olubangelwe yinkqubo yangaphambili inkulu kakhulu, inyanzelisa ukusongelwa, ukuguqula okunzulu, ioyile igcobe imiphetho ebukhali kunye nokunye. Ngamafutshane, unobangela wokucima i-cracks kunokuba yinto enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zingasentla, ubukho boxinzelelo lwangaphakathi sisizathu esiphambili sokungenela i-rocks. Ukucofa ii-rocks zinzulu kwaye zinciphile, kunye nokuqhekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwaye akukho mbala we-oxidd kwindawo eyaphukileyo. Ihlala i-rack ye-cheemudinal iflethi okanye i-rack-ring-rack kwikhola ethambileyo; Ubume kwibhola ene-engle yi-stoed, i-t-ced okanye imile-kukhala. Iimpawu zombutho zokucima i-quenching ye-quenomen ayikho gca kumacala omabini e-rack, ibonakale ngokucacileyo ekunyamezeleni imifula kunye nokuqhekeka kwezinto.
Isiphoso soNcedo lobushushu
Inxalenye ye-Nachi enyamezele iinxalenye zonyango lobushushu, kukho uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo lombutho, olu xinzelelo lwangaphakathi, lube luguqukayo, ubushushu bezinto ezipholileyo, ngoko ke kungonakalisi. Qaphela kwaye inkosi uqeqesho lomthetho linokwenza ukungcungcutheka kwamacandelo athambileyo (njenge-oval yekhola, ubungakanani, njl njl) ukuvelisa kuluhlu. Ewe kunjalo, kwinkqubo yonyango lobushushu yokuqulunqwa koomatshini iya kwenza ukuba iinxalenye zezahlulo, kodwa le ngxaki inokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza ukuze kuncitshiswe kwaye uphephe.
Ukuqhubela phambili
I-Roller Izixhobo ezithwala iinxalenye zenkqubo yobushushu yonyango, ukuba ishushu kwi-oxidiching, umphezulu uya kuba yi-oxidd ukuze amalungu ancitshisiweyo ancitshiswa, okukhokelela ekucingeni komphezulu. Ubunzulu bommandla wokuvahlula umphezulu ngaphezu kokuqhutywa kokugqibela kwexabiso lokugcina kuya kwenza ukuba amalungu atsaliwe. Ukuzimisela kobunzulu bosulelo lomphezulu kwi-teetrographic uviwo lwendlela ekhoyo yentsimbi kunye nendlela ye-micrordness. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Microhard yokuhambisa i-suter faziso isekwe kwindlela yomlinganiso, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengendawo yokulinganisa.
Indawo ethambileyo
Ngenxa yokufudumeza okungapheliyo, ukupholisa okungekho mgangathweni, ukusebenza okubangelwa kukungabi nalukhuni lwamalungu athambileyo akwaziwa ngokuba yindawo ethambileyo. Kufana nokuphalazwa komhlaba kunokubangela ukwehla okungaphezulu komhlaba wokunxiba ukumelana nokudinwa kwamandla.
I-POSTAL: I-Dec-05 ukuya ku-023