Injongo yeZixhobo zokuGcoba
Ukugquma umphezulu wangaphandle weepayipi zentsimbi kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala. Ukugqwala kumphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo, umgangatho, kunye nembonakalo yazo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokugquma inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho uwonke weemveliso zeepayipi zentsimbi.
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Iimfuno zezinto zokugquma
Ngokwemigangatho ebekwe yi-American Petroleum Institute, imibhobho yentsimbi kufuneka imelane nokugqwala ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yexesha elide lokulwa nokugqwala inyukile, kwaye abasebenzisi abaninzi bafuna ukumelana neemeko zokugcina ngaphandle iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuhlala ixesha elide, abasebenzisi balindele ukuba ii-coating zigcine umphezulu ogudileyo, usasazeke ngokulinganayo kwiiarhente ezilwa nokugqwala ngaphandle kokutsiba okanye ukuvuza okunokuchaphazela umgangatho wokubonakala.
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Iintlobo zezinto zokugquma kunye neenzuzo kunye neengozi zazo
Kwiinethiwekhi zemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba ezidolophini,imibhobho yentsimbizisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwegesi, ioyile, amanzi, nokunye. Iingubo zale mibhobho ziye zavela kwizinto ze-asphalt zemveli ukuya kwi-polyethylene resin kunye nezinto ze-epoxy resin. Ukusetyenziswa kweengubo ze-polyethylene resin kwaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1980, kwaye ngokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo, izinto kunye neenkqubo zokugquma ziye zaphucuka kancinci kancinci.
3.1 Ukwambathisa iAsphalt yePetroleum
I-petroleum asphalt coating, umaleko wendabuko ochasene nokubola, uneeleya ze-petroleum asphalt, eziqiniswe ngelaphu le-fiberglass kunye nefilimu yangaphandle yokukhusela ye-polyvinyl chloride. Inika ukuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo, ukunamathela kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Nangona kunjalo, ineengxaki eziquka ukuchaneka kutshintsho lobushushu, ukuba buthathaka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kunye nokuba sengozini yokwaluphala nokuqhekeka, ingakumbi kwiimeko zomhlaba onamatye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke amanyathelo okukhusela ongezelelweyo kunye neendleko ezongezelelekileyo.
3.2 Ukwaleka nge-Epoxy yeTar yamalahle
I-epoxy ye-coal tar, eyenziwe nge-epoxy resin kunye ne-coal tar asphalt, ibonakalisa ukumelana kakuhle kwamanzi kunye neekhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukunamathela okuhle, amandla oomatshini, kunye neempawu zokuthintela ukugquma. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ixesha elide lokunyanga emva kokusetyenziswa, okwenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni semiphumo emibi evela kwiimeko zemozulu ngeli xesha. Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kule nkqubo yokugquma zifuna ukugcinwa okukhethekileyo, nto leyo enyusa iindleko.
3.3 Ukwaleka komgubo we-Epoxy
I-epoxy powder coating, eyaqaliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1960, ibandakanya ukutshiza umgubo ngombane kwiindawo zombhobho ezilungisiweyo nezifudunyezwe kwangaphambili, okwenza umaleko oqinileyo ochasene nokubola. Iingenelo zayo ziquka uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu (-60°C ukuya kwi-100°C), ukunamathela okuqinileyo, ukumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka kwe-cathodic, impembelelo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nomonakalo we-weld. Nangona kunjalo, ifilimu yayo encinci yenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sokonakala kwaye ifuna iindlela zokuvelisa ezinobuchule kunye nezixhobo, nto leyo ebangela imingeni ekusetyenzisweni kwentsimi. Nangona igqwesile kwiinkalo ezininzi, ayisebenzi kakuhle xa ithelekiswa ne-polyethylene ngokubhekiselele ekumelaneni nobushushu kunye nokukhuselwa kokubola ngokubanzi.
3.4 I-Polyethylene Ukwaleka okuchasene nokubola
I-Polyethylene inika ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nempembelelo kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nobubanzi bobushushu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo ezifana neRashiya neNtshona Yurophu kwimibhobho ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, ingakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, imingeni isekhona ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwimibhobho emikhulu, apho kunokuqhekeka uxinzelelo, kwaye ukungena kwamanzi kunokukhokelela ekungcoleni phantsi kwengubo, nto leyo ebangela uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezinto kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa.
3.5 Ukwaleka okunzima okulwa nokugqwala
Iingubo eziqinileyo ezichasene nokugqwala zibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neengubo eziqhelekileyo. Zibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide nakwiimeko ezinzima, ubomi obude budlula iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 kwiindawo zeekhemikhali, zaselwandle, nakwizinto ezinyibilikisayo, kwaye ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 kwiimeko ze-asidi, ze-alkaline, okanye ze-saline. Ezi ngubo zihlala zinobukhulu befilimu eyomileyo ukusuka kwi-200μm ukuya kwi-2000μm, okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nokuqina. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zaselwandle, kwizixhobo zeekhemikhali, kwiitanki zokugcina, nakwiipayipi.
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Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Ngezinto Zokugquma
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ngeengubo ziquka ukusetyenziswa okungalinganiyo, ukuvuza kwezinto ezilwa nokubola, kunye nokwenziwa kwamaqamza.
(1) Ukwaleka okungalinganiyo: Ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwezinto ezilwa nokugqwala kumphezulu wombhobho kubangela iindawo ezinobukhulu obugqithisileyo bokwaleka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni, ngelixa iindawo ezincinci okanye ezingagqunywanga zinciphisa amandla ombhobho okulwa nokugqwala.
(2) Ukuthontsiza kwee-arhente ezilwa nokugqwala: Le meko, apho ii-arhente ezilwa nokugqwala ziqina njengamathontsi kumphezulu wombhobho, zichaphazela ubuhle ngelixa zingachaphazeli ngqo ukumelana nokugqwala.
(3) Ukwakheka kwamaqamza: Umoya ovalelekileyo ngaphakathi kwento elwa nokubola ngexesha lokusetyenziswa udala amaqamza kumphezulu wombhobho, nto leyo echaphazela imbonakalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugquma.
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Uhlalutyo lweMiba yoMgangatho wokuGcoba
Yonke ingxaki ivela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo; kwaye inqwaba yombhobho wentsimbi egxininiswe ngumgangatho wengxaki inokuba yindibaniselwano yeentlobo ezininzi. Izizathu zokugquma okungalinganiyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini, enye yimeko engalinganiyo ebangelwa kukutshiza emva kokuba umbhobho wentsimbi ungene kwibhokisi yokugquma; eyesibini yimeko engalinganiyo ebangelwa kukutshiza.
Isizathu sento yokuqala ngokucacileyo kulula ukuyibona, kwizixhobo zokugquma xa umbhobho wentsimbi ungena kwibhokisi yokugquma kwi-360 ° ujikeleze izibhamu ezi-6 zizonke (umgca wekheyisi unezibhamu ezili-12) zokutshiza. Ukuba umpu ngamnye otshizwayo ngaphandle kobungakanani bomjelo wahlukile, oko kuya kukhokelela ekusasazweni okungalinganiyo kwe-anticorrosive agent kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zombhobho wentsimbi.
Isizathu sesibini kukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zento yokwambathisa okungalinganiyo ngaphandle kwe-spraying factor. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto, ezifana nomhlwa ongenayo kwipayipi yentsimbi, uburhabaxa, kangangokuba ukwambathisa kunzima ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo; umphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi unomlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwamanzi oshiyekileyo xa i-emulsion, ngeli xesha yokwambathisa ngenxa yokudibana ne-emulsion, ukuze isithinteli kube nzima ukusincamathisela kumphezulu wombhobho wentsimbi, ukuze kungabikho kwambathisa kwiindawo zombhobho wentsimbi kwi-emulsion, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukwambathisa kombhobho wentsimbi wonke kungalingani.
(1) Isizathu sokuxhonywa kwee-arhente ezichasene nokubola. Icandelo elinqamlezileyo lombhobho wentsimbi lingqukuva, ngalo lonke ixesha i-arhente echasene nokubola itshizwa phezu kombhobho wentsimbi, i-arhente echasene nokubola kwinxalenye ephezulu kunye nomphetho iya kugeleza iye kwinxalenye esezantsi ngenxa ye-factor of gravity, eya kwenza i-hang drop. Into entle kukuba kukho izixhobo ze-oven kumgca wemveliso yokugquma wefektri yombhobho wentsimbi, ezinokufudumeza kwaye ziqinise i-arhente echasene nokubola etshizwe phezu kombhobho wentsimbi ngexesha kwaye zinciphise ukugeleza kwe-arhente echasene nokubola. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-viscosity ye-arhente echasene nokubola ayiphezulu; akukho kufudumeza ngexesha emva kokutshiza; okanye ubushushu bokufudumeza abuphezulu; umlomo awukho kwimeko yokusebenza kakuhle, njl.njl. kuya kukhokelela ekuxhonyweni kwee-arhente ezichasene nokubola.
(2) Izizathu zokugqwala kwegwebu. Ngenxa yendawo yokusebenza yomswakama womoya, ukusasazeka kwepeyinti kugqithisile, ukwehla kobushushu benkqubo yokusasazeka kuya kubangela isiganeko sokubhabha kwe-preservative. Indawo yomswakama womoya, iimeko zobushushu eziphantsi, izithinteli ezitshizwayo ziphuma kwi-dispersed zibe ngamathontsi amancinci, ziya kukhokelela ekwehleni kobushushu. Amanzi asemoyeni anomswakama ophezulu emva kokwehla kobushushu aya kujika abe ngamathontsi amanzi amancinci axutywe ne-preservative, aze ekugqibeleni angene ngaphakathi kwe-coating, nto leyo ebangela isiganeko sokubhabha kwe-coating.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-15-2023