I-Spiral Welbon ye-Carbon Steel Deel Steeter Dameter Imibhobho yeStee

I-spild yedled carbon yentsimbi ye-ssameter ye-ssaw stees

Inkcazo emfutshane:

Amagama aphambili:I-SSAW yentsimbi yentsimbi, umbhobho wentsimbi ye-spiel, hsaw pipe pipe, umbhobho we-ping, umbhobho opingweyo
Ubungakanani:I-OD: I-8 i-intshi - i-intshi ye-120, i-DN200mm-DN3000mm.
Ubunzima beWall:3.2mm-40mm.
Ubude:I-Round engatshatanga, kabini kwaye iphindwe kabini kwaye ifihliweyo ubude ukuya kwi-48 yeemitha.
Isiphelo:Ukuphela kokuphela, kuphele ukuphela.
Ukudibana / ukupeyinta:Ukupeyinta okumnyama, i-3lpe Coances, i-Epopy Doing, i-Car Tamel (CTE) yokuhamba, i-fusion-borion-borion-borion-disped-diances, i-daight ye-daip, i-dabvanition, i-DEP ye-DEP.
Imigangatho yePupe:API 5L, En10219, i-ASTM A252, i-ASTM A53, i-A53, i-A53, i-NZS 1163, Din, JB, GB njl njl ...
Umgangatho wokuHlala:I-Din 30670, Aawa C213, i-ISO 21809-1: 2018 NJANI ...
Ukuhanjiswa:Kwiintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwengama-40 kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bakho be-oda, izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifumanekayo nezitokhwe.

Thumela i-imeyile kuthi Imveliso yemveliso

Iinkcukacha zemveliso

Iimpawu zeMveliso

Ingcaciso yeMveliso

Imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral, ikwasaziwa njenge-Alilimed Armied Arcgemed Arc-Weld (i-HSAW), luhlobo lombhobho wentsimbi obonakaliswa yinkqubo yabo yokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye neepropathi zabo. Le mibhobho isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yamandla abo, ukuqina, kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Nantsi inkcazo eneenkcukacha yemibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral:

Inkqubo yeMveliso:Imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral iveliswa ngenkqubo ekhethekileyo ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-coil ye-com yentsimbi. Umtya awuzange wenzelwe ibe yindawo ye-spiral, emva koko idlwengule usebenzisa i-arc ye-arc enamanzi (yabona) ubuchwephesha. Le nkqubo iphumela kwi-Seam eqhubekayo, ephosakeleyo ngobude bombhobho.

Uyilo lolwakhiwo:Umthungo we-heling wemibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral ibonelela ngamandla evelwa, ebangela ukuba balungele imithwalo ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Olu wilo luqinisekisa ukusasazwa okungafaniyo koxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula amandla ombhobho ukumelana nokugoba kunye nokudakumba.

Uluhlu lobungakanani:Imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral ingena uluhlu olubanzi lweedayimitha (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 i-intshi) kunye nobubanzi, zivumela ukuba ziguquguqukele kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ziqhelekile kwiidayamitha ezinkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zepayi.

Izicelo:Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Spiral isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo njengeoyile kunye negesi, ukubonelela ngamanzi, ulwakhiwo, ulwakhiwo, ezolimo kunye nophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso. Zilungele zombini ezi zinto zingasentla neziphantsi komhlaba.

Ukunganyangeki kwe-Corrosion:Ukomeleza ububele, imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral ihlala iqhubeka nonyango lwe-anti-colosion. Oku kunokubandakanya iingubo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ezinjenge-Epoxy, i-Polythylene, kunye neZinc, ezikhusela imibhobho kwizinto zokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto zoncedo.

Izibonelelo:Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Spiral inika izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya umthwalo omkhulu wokucinezela, ukusebenza kweendleko kwimibhobho emikhulu yedayitha, ukuncipha kwenqanaba, ukuncipha kokufakwa, kunye nokuxhathisa impatho. Uyilo lwabo lokuyilwa kwe-heline kukwakwi-AIDS ekufumaneni okusebenzayo.

Ixesha elideVSI-Spiral:Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Spiral iyahlula-hlula kwimibhobho ye-weldided ye-weldided ngokwenkqubo yabo yokwenziwa. Ngelixa imibhobho yamaxesha elide yenziwa kwaye idlwengulwe kubude bombhobho, imibhobho yeSpiral inesifo esenziwe ngomthi ngexesha lemveliso.

Ulawulo lwemeko:Iinkqubo zokuLawulwa kweMveliso neMigangatho ibalulekile ekuveliseni imibhobho yentsimbi ethembekileyo. Iiparamitha ze-welding, iindlela zombhobho zejometri yejometri, kunye neendlela zokuvavanya zijongwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukubambelela kwimigangatho yeshishini kunye neenkcazo.

Imigangatho kunye neenkcazo:Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Spiral yenziwa ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yamanye amazwe kunye nemveliso efana ne-API 5L, i-ASTM, en, nabanye. Le migangatho ichaza iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo, iindlela zemveliso, kunye neemfuno zovavanyo.

Kwisishwankathelo, imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral sisisombululo semizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yabo eyahlukileyo yokwenziwa, amandla okwindalo, kunye nokufumaneka kubungakanani obahlukeneyo banegalelo ekusebenziseni kwazo ngokubanzi kwiziseko zophuhliso, ukuthutha, amandla, ukwakhiwa kwezibuko kunye ngakumbi. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo, uLawulo loMgangatho, kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko asekusebenzeni badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni intsebenzo yexesha elide yemibhobho yentsimbi.

Inkcazo

API 5L: Gr.b, x42, x42, x52, x52, x50, x60, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, X70

I-ASTM A252: Gr.1, Gr.2, Gr.3

En 10219-1: S235jrh, S275J0h, S275J2h, S355J0h, S355J2h

En10210: s235jrh, S275J0h, S275J2h, S355J0h, S355J2h, S355K2h

I-ASTM A53 / A53M: Gr.a, Gr.b

I-10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P235TR2, P235TR2, P235TR1, P265tR2

Tha 2458: ST37.0, St44.0, St52.0

I-AF / NZS 1163: IBakala C250, iBakala C350, iBakala C450

GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320 , L360, L390 , L415, L450 , L485

I-Astma671: I-CA55 / CB70 / CC65 / CF75 / CF75 / CF75 / CC75 / CF100, CEB75

Ububanzi (mm)

Ubungakanani bobubanzi (mm)

219.1

●

273

●

323.9

●

325

●

355.6

●

377

●

406.4

●

426

●

457

●

I-478

●

508

●

I-529

●

I-630

●

I-711

●

I-720

●

I-813

●

I-820

●

I-920

●

I-1020

●

1220

●

I-1420

●

I-1620

●

Ngo-1820

●

2020

●

I-2220

●

I-2500

●

I-2540

●

I-3000

●

Ukunyamezelana kobubanzi bamanzi angaphandle kunye nobunzima be-Wall

Umgangatho	Ukunyamezela komzimba		Ukunyamezelana kombhobho wokuphela		Ukunyamezelana kobunzima be-Wall
Umgangatho	Ububanzi	Ukunyamezelana	Ububanzi	Ukunyamezelana	Ukunyamezelana kobunzima be-Wall
I-GB / T3091	I-Od≤48.3mmm	≤ ± 0.5	I-Od≤48.3mmm	-	≤ ± 10%
	48.3	≤ ± 1.0%	48.3	-
	273.1	≤ ± 0.75%	273.1	-0.8 ~ + 2.4
	Od> 508mm	≤ ± 1.0%	Od> 508mm	-0.8 ~ + 3.2
GB / T9711.1	I-Od≤48.3mmm	-0.79 ~ + 0.41	-	-	Od≤73	-12.5% ~ + 20%
	60.3	≤ ± 0.75%	I-OD≤273.1mmm	-0.4 ~ + 1.59	88.9≤od≤457	-12.5% ~ + I-15%
	508	≤ ± 1.0%	Od≥323.9	-0.79 ~ + 2.38	I-OD≥508	-10.0% ~ + 17.5%
	Od> 941mmm	≤ ± 1.0%	-	-	-	-
I-GB / T911.2	60	± 0.75% d ~ ± 3mm	60	± 0.5% d ~ ± 1.6mm	4mm	± 12.5% t ~ ~ ± 15.0% t
	I-610	± 0.5% d ~ ± 4mm	I-610	± 0.5% d ~ ± 1.6mm	Wt≥25mm	-3.00mm ~ + 3.75mm
	Od> 1430mm	-	Od> 1430mm	-	-	-10.0% ~ + 17.5%
Sy / t5037	Od <508mm	≤ ± 0.75%	Od <508mm	≤ ± 0.75%	Od <508mm	≤ ± 12.5%
Sy / t5037	I-OD≥508mm	≤ ± 1.00%	I-OD≥508mm	≤ ± 0.50%	I-OD≥508mm	≤ ± 10.0%
API 5l ps1 / psl2	Od <60.3	-0.8mm ~ + 0.4mm	I-OD≤168.3	-0.4mm ~ + 1.6mm	Wt≤5.0	≤ ± 0.5
	60.3≤od≤168.3	≤ ± 0.75%	168.3	≤ ± 1.6mm	5.0	≤ ± 0.1T
	168.3	≤ ± 0.75%	I-610	≤ ± 1.6mm	T≥15.0	≤ ± 1.5
	I-610	≤ ± 4.0mmm	I-OD> 1422	-	-	-
	I-OD> 1422	-	-	-	-	-
API 5ct	Od <114.3	≤ ± 0.79mm	Od <114.3	≤ ± 0.79mm	≤-12,5%
API 5ct	I-OD≥114.3	-0.5% ~ 1.0%	I-OD≥114.3	-0.5% ~ 1.0%	≤-12,5%
I-ASTM A53	≤ ± 1.0%		≤ ± 1.0%		≤-12,5%
I-ASTM A252	≤ ± 1.0%		≤ ± 1.0%		≤-12,5%

DN mm	NB Intshi	OD mm	Sch40s mm	Sch5s mm	Sch10s mm	Sch10 mm	Sch20 mm	Sch40 mm	Sch60 mm	I-XS / 80s mm	Sch80 mm	Sch100 mm	Sch120 mm	Sch140 mm	Sch160 mm	Schxxs mm
6	1/8 "	10.29			1.24			1.73			2.41
8	1/4 "	13.72			1.65			2.24			3.02
10	3/8 "	17.15			1.65			2.31			3.20
15	1/2 "	21.34	2.77	1.65	2.11			2.77		3.73	3.73				4.78	7.47
20	3/4 "	26.67	2.87	1.65	2.11			2.87		3.91	3.91				5.56	7.82
25	1 "	I-33.40	3.38	1.65	2.77			3.38		4.55	4.55				6.35	I-9.09
32	1 1/4 "	42.16	3.56	1.65	2.77			3.56		4.85	4.85				6.35	I-9.70
40	1 1/2	48.26	3.68	1.65	2.77			3.68		5.08	5.08				7.14	10.15
50	2 "	60.33	3.91	1.65	2.77			3.91		5.54	5.54				9.74	11.07
65	2 1/2	73.03	5.16	2.11	3.05			5.16		7.01	7.01				9.53	14.02
80	3 "	88.90	5.49	2.11	3.05			5.49		7.62	7.62				11.13	15.24
90	I-3 1/2	I-101.60	5.74	2.11	3.05			5.74		8.08	8.08
I-100	4 "	I-114.30	6.02	2.11	3.05			6.02		8.56	8.56		11.12		13.49	17.12
125	5 "	I-141.30	6.55	2.77	3.40			6.55		9.53	9.53		12.70		15.88	19.05
I-150	6 "	168.27	7.11	2.77	3.40			7.11		10.97	10.97		14.27		18.26	21.95
200	8 "	219.08	8.18	2.77	3.76		6.35	8.18	10.31	12.70	12.70	15.09	19.26	20.62	23.01	22.23
I-250	10 "	273.05	9.27	3.40	4.19		6.35	9.27	12.70	12.70	15.09	19.26	21.44	25.40	28.58	25.40
I-300	12 "	323.85	9.53	3.96	4.57		6.35	10.31	14.27	12.70	17.48	21.44	25.40	28.58	33.32	25.40
I-350	14 "	355.60	9.53	3.96	4.78	6.35	7.92	11.13	15.09	12.70	19.05	23.83	27.79	31.75	35.71
I-400	16 "	406.40	9.53	4.19	4.78	6.35	7.92	12.70	16.66	12.70	21.44	26.19	30.96	36.53	40.49
I-450	18 "	457.20	9.53	4.19	4.78	6.35	7.92	14.27	19.05	12.70	23.83	29.36	34.93	39.67	45.24
I-500	20 "	508.00	9.53	4.78	5.54	6.35	9.53	15.09	20.62	12.70	26.19	32.54	38.10	44.45	I-50.01
I-550	22 "	I-558.80	9.53	4.78	5.54	6.35	9.53		22.23	12.70	28.58	34.93	41.28	47.63	I-53.98
I-600	24 "	I-609.60	9.53	5.54	6.35	6.35	9.53	17.48	24.61	12.70	30.96	38.89	I-46.02	52.37	59.54
I-650	26 "	I-660.40	9.53			7.92	12.70			12.70
I-700	28 "	I-711.20	9.53			7.92	12.70			12.70
I-750	30 "	I-762.00	9.53	6.35	7.92	7.92	12.70			12.70
I-800	32 "	I-812.80	9.53			7.92	12.70	17.48		12.70
I-850	34	I-863.60	9.53			7.92	12.70	17.48		12.70
I-900	"	I-914.40	9.53			7.92	12.70	19.05		12.70
I-DN 1000mmm kunye ne-Dameter ye-Dameter Pile ububanzi be-25mm

Umgangatho kunye nebakala

Umgangatho	Amanqanaba ensimbi
API 5L: Ukucaciswa kombhobho womgca	GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X52, X52, X52, X65, X70, X80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80, x80
I-ASTM A252: Ukucaciswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-weldid kunye ne-pile yensimbi yentsimbi	Gr.1, Gr.2, Gr.3
En 10219-1: Ukubanda kwenza i-welding ye-welding ye-welding ye-non-alloy ye-non-alloy kunye nezidlo zeenkozo ezilungileyo	S235JRH, S275J0h, S275J2h, S355J0h, S355J2h, S355K2h
I-En10210: I-Short egqityiweyo yendlela yokungasebenziyo ye-non-alloy kunye neenkozo zokudla okuziinkozo ezilungileyo	S235JRH, S275J0h, S275J2h, S355J0h, S355J2h, S355K2h
I-ASTM A53 / A53m: I-PIP, intsimbi, emnyama kunye neshushu, i-zinc-icediwe, i-welded kwaye ingenamthungo	Gr.a, Gr.b
I-10217: Iityhubhu ze-wellded zentsimbi ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo	I-P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2
I-DIN 2458: Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Well kunye neetyhubhu	I-ST37.0, St44.0, St52.0
I-AF / NZS 1163: I-Australia / i-Zealand / New Zealand's	IBakala C250, iBakala C350, iBakala C450
I-GB / T 9711: I-Petroleum kunye neMizi-mveliso yeGalo yeNdalo - imibhobho yentsimbi yemibhobho	I-L175, L210, L245, L220, L360, L450, L450, L450, L450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450, l450
I-Awawa C200: I-Intshi yamanzi e-intshi ezi-6 i-intshi (i-150 mm) kwaye inkulu	I-carbon yensimbi

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso

Ulawulo lwemeko

● Ukutshekishwa kwezixhobo eziphezulu
● Uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali
● Uvavanyo lomatshini
● Uvavanyo olubonakalayo
● Itshekhi
● Uvavanyo lweBend
● Uvavanyo lwempembelelo
● Uvavanyo lwe-Unirranion Sorrosion
● Uviwo olungeyongozi (Uthando, MT, PT)

● I-wellding yenkqubo
● Uhlalutyo lweMpahla
● Uvavanyo lweflash
● Uvavanyo lobunzima
● Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
● Uvavanyo lwentsimbi
● Uvavanyo loKhenketho
● Uvavanyo lwangoku
● Ukupeyinta kunye nokuhlola
● Uphononongo lwamaxwebhu

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuSebenzisa

Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-Spils isetyenziswe ngokuhambahamba kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezibonelelo zabo ezikhethekileyo. Zenziwa ngokutyibilika kwe-welding ye-welding Nazi ezinye izicelo eziqhelekileyo zemipipi yentsimbi yeSpiral:

● Ukuhamba kukalwelo: Le mibhobho ihamba ngokukuko amanzi, ioyile, kunye negesi kuyo yonke imigama emide kwimibhobho ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwetyala kunye namandla aphezulu.
● Ioyile kunye negesi: IIMALI ZEMALI ZE-OIL kunye neGARE, ZENDLELA ZENGQONDO ZENGQESHO, NEENCWADANA ZEEMFUNDO, EKWENZIWA KOKUFUMANEKA KUNYE
● Ukunyibilikisa: Iincwadana zesiseko ezikwiiprojekthi zokwakha zixhasa imithwalo enzima kwizakhiwo ezinjengeekhilomitha ezinjengezakhiwo kunye neebhlorho.
● Ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo: Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokwakha, iikholamu, kunye nezixhasi, ukuqina kwazo kunegalelo kuzinzo lwezakhiwo.
● I-culgets kunye ne-crainage: isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zamanzi, ukumelana kwabo kunye nabangeneli abagudileyo kuthintela ukudakumba kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi.
● Ukungcungcutheka koomatshini: kwimveliso nezolimo, le mibhobho ibonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo, ezomeleleyo zamacandelo.
● I-Arine kunye ne-Earshore: Kwindawo ezinobunzima, zisetyenziswa kwimibhobho engaphantsi kwamanzi, amaqonga asemazantsi, kunye nolwakhiwo lwejetty.
● Ukwenza imigodi: Badlulisela izixhobo zokufumana ukutya ukuze bafumane imisebenzi yemigodi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwendalo.
● Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi: Ilungele imibhobho yobubanzi obuyinima kwiinkqubo zamanzi, ngokufanelekileyo ukhuthaza imiqulu ebalulekileyo yamanzi.
● Iinkqubo ze-geothermal: Isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zamandla e-georthermal, bajongana nokudlulisela ubushushu phakathi kweendawo zokugcina kunye nezityalo zamandla.

Ubume bezinto eziguquguqukayo zemibhobho yentsimbi ye-spiral, zidityaniswe namandla abo, ukuqina, kunye nokuziqhelanisa, zibenza babe licandelo elibalulekileyo kunxamnye namashishini kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela

Ukupakisha:
Inkqubo yokupakisha yemibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral ibandakanya amanyathelo amabi aphambili okuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho ikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa:
● Ukunyibilika kwepayiphu: Imibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral ihlala idityaniswe kunye esebenzisa imitya, iibhendi zentsimbi, okanye ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo. Ukutyibilika kuthintela imibhobho nganye ukusuka ekuhambeni okanye ukutshintsha ngaphakathi kwipakeji.
● Ukukhuselwa kombhobho wokuphela: I-CAPS yeplastiki okanye i-carves ekhuselayo ibekwe kwiziphelo zemibhobho ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kwemibhobho kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi.
● Imibhobho yamanzi: Imibhobho esongelwe ngezinto ezinamanzi, ezinje ngamaphepha eplastiki okanye ukusonga, ukubakhusela ekumanzini ngexesha lokuhamba, ngakumbi ukuhambisa ngaphandle okanye ekuhanjisweni kwangaphandle.
● Iipadding: Izixhobo ezongeziweyo ze-pads, ezinje nge-foam ifakela okanye izinto zokugcina izinto, zinokongezwa phakathi kwemibhobho okanye kwiindawo ezisengozini zokufumana ukothuka kunye nokuzibandakanya.
● Ukwenza iilebheli: Ibhanti nganye ifakwe ileyibhile ngolwazi olubalulekileyo, kubandakanya imigaqo-nkqubo yombhobho, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo oya kuyo. Olu banikezo lwesazisi ngokubonakalayo kunye nokuphatha.

Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
● Ukuhambisa imibhobho yentsimbi yeSparal kufuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthutha okukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo:
● Imo yendlela yothutho: Ukukhetha kwendlela yeThutho (indlela, uloliwe, ulwandle, okanye umoya) kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nomgama, ngokungxamisekileyo, kunye nokufikeleleka.
● Unobangela: Imibhobho inokulayishwa ibe zizikhongozeli zokuhambisa eziqhelekileyo okanye izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zerati. Inzuzo ikhusela imibhobho evela kwinto yangaphandle kwaye ibonelela ngendawo esilawulayo.
● Ukukhusela: Imibhobho ikhuselwe ngaphakathi kwezikhongozeli kusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa, njengokubraqo, ukuvimba kunye nokugcwala. Oku kuthintela intshukumo kwaye unciphise umngcipheko womonakalo ngexesha lohambo.
● Amaxwebhu: Amaxwebhu achanekileyo, kubandakanya ii-invoice, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye nokuhambisa, kulungiselelwe ukuvunywa kwempahla kunye nokulandela umkhondo.
● I-inshurensi: I-inshurensi yemoto ihlala ifunyanwa ukugubungela ilahleko okanye ukonakala ngexesha lokuhamba.
● Ukubeka iliso: kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhambisa, imibhobho inokulandelelwa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-GPS kunye nokulandela umkhondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikwindlela elungileyo kunye neshedyuli.
● Ukucaciswa kwesiko: Uxwebhu olufanelekileyo lubonelelwe ukuqhuba ukucaciswa kwesiko eligudileyo kwindawo oya kuyo okanye kumda.

ISIQINISEKISO:
Ukupakisha ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi yeSpiral kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho wemibhobho kunye nokugcina inkohliso ngexesha lokuhamba. Ukulandela izinto ezilungileyo zeshishini kuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho ifikelela kwindawo abahlala kuyo kwimeko efanelekileyo, ilungele ukufakelwa okanye ukuqhubela phambili.