Izinto ezingundoqo (intsimbi exhasayo – iindlela ezininzi):
●I-API 5L X52 / X60 / X65– umbhobho womgca onamandla aphezulu wokuhambisa ioyile kunye negesi/i-asidi
●I-SA-106 Gr.B– intsimbi yekhabhoni enobushushu obuphezulu
●I-SA-210 Gr.C– umgangatho wetyhubhu yebhoyila
●I-ASTM A333 Gr.6– intsimbi yekhabhoni enobushushu obuphantsi
●I-ASTM A335 P11 / P22– I-Cr-Mo alloy yobushushu obuphezulu (ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kunye ne-904L)
Isigqubuthelo (i-CRA liner):I-904L (UNS N08904 / 1.4539) – intsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ene-alloy ephezulu ene-23-28% Ni, 19-23% Cr, 4-5% Mo, 1-2% Cu. PREN ≈ 34. Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokunciphisa ii-asidi (i-sulfuric, i-phosphoric, i-formic), ukumelana okuhle kwi-chloride pitting, ngaphezulu kwe-316L kwinkonzo ye-asidi.
Uluhlu Lobukhulu:I-OD 60 – 1219 mm (umbhobho ogqunywe ngentsimbi – i-hot roll + JCOE). I-OD 25 – 168 mm (i-extrusion engenamthungo). Ubukhulu bodonga oluphambili yi-4 – 40 mm. Ubukhulu be-cladding yi-2.0 – 4.0 mm (3.0 mm icetyiswa kwinkonzo ye-asidi). Ubude obunye bufikelela kwi-15 m (ayixutywanga) okanye i-24 m (ixutywe ngentsimbi).
Inkqubo:Ukudityaniswa kwe-hot roll + JCOE forming (welded) okanye hot extrusion (non-mthungo). Amandla okucheba kwe-Metallurgical bond ≥200 MPa (welded) okanye ≥300 MPa (non-mthungo). Ukuhlolwa kwe-100% UT bond, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, uvavanyo lokutsalwa, ukuthamba, i-PMI yokuzikhethela kunye novavanyo lokugqwala phakathi kwegranular.
Imigangatho:I-API 5LD (yepayipi yomgca ogqunyiweyo), i-ASME Section VIII Div.1, EN 10216-5 (ye-904L engenamthungo), i-ASTM A240 (ipleyiti ye-904L). I-NACE MR0175: I-904L iyamkeleka kwinkonzo emuncu kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezilinganiselweyo kakhulu (i-H₂S ephantsi, ii-chloride eziphantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi) – ayikhuthazwa ngokubanzi.
Izicelo:Imibhobho yezityalo ze-sulfuric acid, izityalo zesichumiso se-phosphoric acid, iifama zeetanki zeekhemikhali, iinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle (i-chloride ephezulu), izixhobo zokucoca igesi yeflue (FGD), ukudluliselwa kweekhemikhali ezicocekileyo kakhulu, inkonzo ye-acetic / formic acid, amayeza kunye nokulungiswa kokutya (ubumsulwa obuphezulu).
Intsimbi yeWomicsenza umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L olungele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphatheni i-asidi. Sidibanisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-904L kunye namandla oomatshini e-carbon/alloy steel backing, sigcina i-40 60% xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho oqinileyo we-904L. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo, uhlolo lomntu wesithathu, i-EN 10204 Uhlobo lwe-3.2 luyafumaneka. Nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufumane izisombululo zembhobho ezigqunywe nge-alloy ephezulu.
1. Kutheni i-904L Clad Pipe ifanele ibe yi-904L? Xa i-316L inganelanga
I-904L (UNS N08904 / 1.4539) yintsimbi engagqwali eyenziwe nge-austenitic ephezulu eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa apho i-316L ingaphumeleli ngenxa yokungaxhathisi okanye ukugalelwa yi-asidi ngokwaneleyo.
Izinto eziphambili ezahlulahlulayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-316L:
| Ipropati | 316L | 904L | Inzuzo |
| I-Nickel (%) | 10-14 | 23-28 | I-Ni ephezulu iphucula ukumelana ne-asidi |
| I-Molybdenum (%) | 2-3 | 4-5 | I-Higher Mo iphucula ukutyibilika kwemingxuma |
| Ithusi (%) | — | 1-2 | I-Cu ibalulekile ekuchaseni i-sulfuric acid |
| UKUPHELELWA | 24-26 | 34 | I-904L iyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu nemingxuma |
| Ukumelana ne-sulfuric acid | Imbi ngaphantsi kwe-10% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-80% | Igqibelele kakhulu kwi-0-80% kubushushu obuphakathi | I-904L yimigangatho yenkonzo ye-H₂SO₄ |
Iiasidi eziqhelekileyo apho i-904L igqwesa khona:
● I-asidi ye-sulfuric (H₂SO₄) – 0-80% yoxinzelelo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 60°C
● I-Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) – zonke iindawo ezixineneyo
● I-asidi ye-formic (HCOOH) kunye ne-acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
● Nciphisa i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) – inqunyelwe
● Ii-asidi ezixutyiweyo (umz., i-H₂SO₄ + ii-chloride)
Kutheni enxibe impahla?Umbhobho oqinileyo we-904L ubiza kakhulu (ixabiso le-2 3 × le-316L, ixabiso le-5 6 × lentsimbi yekhabhoni). Ngokusebenzisa umaleko ongaphakathi obhityileyo (2 4 mm) we-904L odityaniswe nombhobho wangaphandle wentsimbi yekhabhoni, ufikelela kumlinganiselo ofanayo wokuchasana nokugqwala kwiIxabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo liphantsi ngama-40% ngama-60%Isiseko sentsimbi yekhabhoni sibonelela ngamandla oomatshini ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso le-alloy.
Amashishini aqhelekileyo:Ukuveliswa kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-sulfuric acid, izityalo zesichumiso se-phosphate, imigca yokugaya isinyithi, ii-tankers zeekhemikhali, izitshintshi zobushushu bamanzi olwandle (i-chloride ephezulu, ubushushu obuphakathi).
2. Iinkcukacha zezinto eziphathekayo – Iinketho zentsimbi ezifakwe i-904L Cladding kunye neBacking Steel
2.1 904L Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali ezigqunyiweyo (% ngobunzima)
| I-elementi | I-UNS N08904 (904L) |
| Ikhabhoni (C) | ≤0.020 |
| IManganese (Mn) | ≤2.00 |
| I-Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 |
| I-Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.040 |
| I-Sulfur (S) | ≤0.030 |
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 19.0 – 23.0 |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 23.0 – 28.0 |
| I-Molybdenum (Mo) | 4.0 – 5.0 |
| I-Copper (Cu) | 1.0 – 2.0 |
| Intsimbi (Fe) | Ibhalansi |
Ukongezwa kobhedu kubalulekile ekumelaneni ne-sulfuric acid. Ngaphandle kwe-Cu, i-316L ihlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-H₂SO₄ efudumeleyo.
2.2 Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi)
| Ipropati | Isigqubuthelo se-904L | Inkxaso yentsimbi yeCarbon eqhelekileyo |
| Amandla okuKhula (min, MPa) | 220 | 240 450 (kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba) |
| Amandla okuThamba (min, MPa) | 490 | 415 535 |
| Ukwandiswa (ubuncinci, %) | 35 | 18 25 |
| Ubunzima (ubuninzi) | 200 HB | Ngokwebanga ngalinye |
2.3 Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-904L – Idatha ephambili
| I-asidi | Ukugxila | Ubushushu | Izinga lokuGqobhoka (mm/ngonyaka) |
| I-Sulfuric (H₂SO₄) | 10-50% | 50°C | <0.1 (igqwesile) |
| I-Sulfuric (H₂SO₄) | 70-80% | 30°C | <0.1 |
| I-Phosphoric (H₃PO₄) | 30-85% | 80°C | <0.1 |
| I-asidi ye-formic | Nasiphi na | 100°C | <0.1 |
| I-acetic acid | Nasiphi na | 100°C | <0.1 |
| Amanzi olwandle | 3.5% Cl- | 30°C | Ukumelana nokungqubana kakuhle (PREN 34) |
Imida:I-904L ayikhuthazwa kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric eshushu (>80°C) exineneyo (>90%) okanye kwinkonzo ye-hydrochloric acid enobushushu obuphezulu. Kwezo zinto, cinga ngee-alloys ze-nickel (i-Alloy C-276).
Iinketho zentsimbi ezixhaswayo ze-2.4 zePipe ye-Clad ye-904L
| Intsimbi Exhaswayo | Umgangatho | Amandla | Isicelo Esiphambili se-904L Clad |
| I-API 5L X52 / X60 / X65 | I-API 5L PSL2 | Isivuno se-360 450 MPa | Imibhobho ye-asidi emide |
| I-SA-106 Gr.B | I-ASTM A106 | Isivuno se-240 MPa | Imibhobho yezityalo zokucoca kunye neekhemikhali |
| I-SA-210 Gr.C | I-ASME SA-210 | Isivuno se-245 MPa | Iityhubhu zebhoyila yenkonzo ye-asidi / yokutshintsha ubushushu |
| I-ASTM A333 Gr.6 | I-ASTM A333 | Isivuno se-240 MPa | Imibhobho ye-asidi enobushushu obuphantsi (-45°C) |
| I-ASTM A335 P11 / P22 | I-ASTM A335 | Isivuno se-205 275 MPa | Ubushushu obuphezulu (>450°C?) Qaphela: 904L inqunyelwe kwi ~350°C kwi-asidi |
Qaphela ubushushu obuphezulu:I-904L ngokwayo ayifanelekanga kumaqondo obushushu esinyithi angaphezu kwama-350-400°C xa isetyenziswa njengenkunkuma. Intsimbi engasemva inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kodwa i-cladding iya kuyinciphisa iqondo lobushushu benkonzo iyonke. Kwi-acid ephezulu yobushushu (>400°C), cinga nge-Alloy 825 okanye i-Alloy 28 cladding.
Uluhlu lweMilinganiselo oluyi-2.5
| Indlela Yokwenza | Uluhlu lwe-OD (mm) | Ubunzima obungundoqo (mm) | Ubunzima bokugquma (mm) | Ubude obuphezulu (m) |
| I-Welded (i-hot roll + i-JCOE) | 219 – 1219 | 6 – 40 | 2.0 – 4.0 | 24 |
| Akukho mthungo (ukukhupha) | 25 – 168 | 4 – 15 | 2.0 – 3.5 | 15 |
Ubukhulu be-cladding obucetyiswayo kwinkonzo ye-asidi:Ubuncinci yi-3.0 mm. Kwiimeko ezirhabaxa kakhulu (umz., i-sulfuric acid eshushu enesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwamanzi), sicebisa i-4.0 mm.
3. Inkqubo yoMveliso – I-Hot Roll Bonding + JCOE (Iwelded, OD ≥219 mm)
Kwimibhobho ye-asidi enobubanzi obukhulu, le yindlela ephambili:
| Inyathelo | Inkcazo |
| Ukulungiswa kwepleyiti | Ipleyiti ye-904L (CRA) kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi yekhabhoni (i-backed) ziyacocwa, zibekwe ndawonye (904L kwicala elingaphakathi), kwaye zivaliwe nge-vacuum ukuze kususwe ioksijini. |
| Ukubopha okushukumayo okushushu | Inqwaba itshiswa ukuya kwi-1100-1180°C kwaye iqengqelwe kwireyithingi ephezulu yokunciphisa (≥5:1). Iileya zibophana ngokwesinyithi. |
| Ipleyiti ye-NDT | Uvavanyo lwe-100% lwe-ultrasonic lwe-clad plate bond interface. |
| Ukwenziwa kweJCOE | Ipleyiti egqunyiweyo iyasilwa, ize yenziwe ibe yipayipi evulekileyo kusetyenziswa ii-JCO presses. I-904L iba ngumphezulu ongaphakathi. |
| Ukuwelda komthungo we-longitudinal | Iipasi ezimbini: iipasi zangaphakathi ezine-904L filler (okanye i-Alloy 625), iipasi zangaphandle ezine-carbon steel filler. |
| Ukugquma nge-weld (ukhetho) | Umthungo we-weld wangaphakathi ungagqunywa nge-904L okanye i-Alloy 625 ukuze ugqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngomhlwa. |
| Unyango lobushushu | Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo (ukuba kuyimfuneko). I-904L ayifuni unyango lobushushu emva kokushintshwa. |
| I-NDT kunye novavanyo | NgokweCandelo lesi-4. |
| Ukukha kunye nokungakhathali | Kwindawo engaphakathi ye-904L, ukuqinisekisa umaleko ongasebenziyo. |
| Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokuthunyelwa | I-Bevel, iikepusi, ukubopha. |
Kwi-mthungo (ububanzi obuncinci, i-OD ≤168 mm):Ukuphoswa kweCentrifugal + i-extrusion eshushu (efana nezinto zangaphambili zepayipi ezivaliweyo). I-Seamless isusa i-weld ende, ekhethwa kakhulu kwii-U bend heat exchangers kunye nemigca yobumsulwa obuphezulu.
4. Ukuhlolwa kunye noVavanyo – Umbhobho weClad we-904L
Ekubeni i-904L iyi-alloy ephezulu, sinikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekubunjweni kwe-cladding kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lokugqwala.
| Uvavanyo | Umgangatho / Indlela | Ububanzi | Ukwamkelwa |
| I-PMI (XRF) ye-904L cladding | Ukuchonga Izinto Ezilungileyo | Ityhubhu nganye (okanye ipleyiti nganye) | Qinisekisa i-Cu, i-Mo, i-Ni, i-Cr ngaphakathi kwe-spec |
| I-Bond UT | Igagasi lokucheba | I-100% yojongano olugudileyo | Akukho disbond >50mm; iyonke <2% |
| I-UT ende | I-ASTM E213 / ISO 10893 10 | Ityhubhu eyi-100% | Akukho zimpendulo zingamkelekiyo |
| Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic | Uxinzelelo loyilo lwe-1.5 × | Ityhubhu nganye | Akukho kuvuza |
| I-Tensile (intsimbi engasemva) | Ngokwe-API 5L / A106 / njl. | Ngobushushu ngabunye | Dibana neenkcukacha zebanga |
| Ukutsalwa (ukucheba ibhondi) | Cinezela okanye uchebe indandatho | Ngebhetshi nganye | ≥200 MPa (edityanisiweyo) |
| Ukuqina (i-904L cladding) | HV10 | Iqela | ≤200 HV |
| Ukugqwala kwe-intergranular | I-ASTM A262 Practice E (kwi-904L) | Ngebhetshi nganye (ukhetho) | Akukho kuhlaselwa phakathi kwe-granular |
| Uvavanyo lokuthamba | I-ASME SA 450 | Ngebhetshi nganye | Akukho mifantu |
Izatifikethi:EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (oluqhelekileyo). Uhlobo 3.2 olunengqina lesithathu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV) luyafumaneka xa luceliwe.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo xa luceliwe (lunokuhlawuliswa):
● Amandla okuphosa i-pitting (ASTM G5)
● Uvavanyo lweCopper sulfate – i-sulfuric acid ye-904L (ekhethekileyo kwinkonzo ye-H₂SO₄)
5. Izicelo – Apho i-904L Clad Pipe iLukhetho oluLungileyo
5.1 Imibhobho yezityalo zeSulfuric Acid
Umngeni:I-asidi yesulfuric eshushu (60-80%, 50-80°C) iyingozi kakhulu kwi-carbon steel nakwi-316L. I-904L ibisoloko isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-alkylation ye-asidi yesulfuric, ii-towers zokomisa, kunye neepayipi ezidityanisiweyo kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L onentsimbi yekhabhoni engasemva (SA-106 Gr.B okanye API 5L X52). Umaleko wangaphakathi we-904L uphatha i-asidi; intsimbi yekhabhoni inika amandla oxinzelelo kwaye inciphisa iindleko.
Umzekelo:I-24″ OD × 12.7 mm core WIT × 3.0 mm 904L cladding, ubude yi-12 m. Isetyenziswa kwiyunithi yokubuyisela isalfure yaseMbindi Mpuma.
5.2 Izityalo zeSichumiso sePhosphoric Acid
Umngeni:I-asidi ye-phosphoric (30-50%, 50-90°C) iqulethe ii-chloride, ii-fluoride, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo. Ii-pits kunye ne-crevice ezingama-316L ziyabola. I-904L inika ukumelana okungcono kakhulu.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunywe yi-904L one-SA-106 Gr.B backward. Ubhedu olukwi-904L luluncedo kakhulu kwi-phosphoric acid.
5.3 Ukuphola/Ukususa Ityuwa Emanzini Olwandle (iChloride Ephezulu)
Umngeni:I-316L inokonakaliswa yi-cravice corrosion emanzini olwandle angashukumiyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-30-40°C. I-904L ine-PREN ephezulu (34) kwaye imelana ngcono nokugruzuka kwemingxuma.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunywe yi-904L one-API 5L X65 backing yemigca yokufaka amanzi olwandle enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Isetyenziswa kumaqonga angaphandle kwamanzi omlilo neenkqubo zokupholisa.
5.4 Ukugcinwa kunye nokuThunyelwa kweTanki yeeKhemikhali
Umngeni:Iitanki zokugcina i-acetic acid, i-formic acid, okanye ii-organic acids ezixutyiweyo zifuna i-solid alloy ebiza kakhulu okanye i-carbon steel enerabha. I-rubber lining inokungaphumeleli.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L unika isithintelo esihlala sihleli, esingenalo ulondolozo. Kwimibhobho yefama yetanki, umbhobho ogqunywe nge-welded ufanelekile.
5.5 IiScrubbers zeFlue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
Umngeni:Iinkqubo ze-FGD ziphatha i-gypsum slurries ene-pH ephantsi kunye ne-chloride. Ii-FGD absorber towers ezininzi kunye ne-outlet ducts zisebenzisa i-904L okanye ngaphezulu kwee-alloys.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L wemigca yokujikeleza kwe-slurry. Isiseko singaba yi-A106 Gr.B okanye i-A333 Gr.6 (ukuba ibanda).
6. Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Intsimbi Yombhobho Ye-904L Clad?
| Amandla | Iinkcukacha |
| Amava ngee-alloys eziphezulu | Sivelise imibhobho egqunywe nge-904L kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zezityalo ezine-asidi eTshayina, eMbindi Mpuma, nakuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia. |
| Ibhondi yokwenyani yesinyithi | Akukho mngcipheko wokuwa kwe-liner - i-904L ibotshelelwe ngokusisigxina kwintsimbi engasemva. |
| Uluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu | Ububanzi obuncinci obungenamthungo (extrusion) ukuya kuthi ga kububanzi obukhulu obudibeneyo (1219 mm). |
| Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo | Inombolo nganye yobushushu bepleyiti ye-904L iyarekhodwa kwaye idityaniswe nombhobho wokugqibela. I-PMI inokwenziwa kwiindawo ezininzi. |
| Uhlolo lomntu wesithathu | I-SGS, i-BV, i-DNV, i-TÜV ibonwe kuyo yonke imveliso. I-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.2 luyafumaneka. |
| Ukonga iindleko | Ixabiso eliphantsi ngama-40 ngama-60% kunepayipi eqinileyo ye-904L enomlinganiselo ofanayo woxinzelelo. |
7. Ukupakishwa, Ukuthunyelwa kunye neXesha lokuKhokhela
●Imeko:Umphezulu wangaphakathi we-904L ofakwe i-pickled ne-passive; intsimbi yekhabhoni yangaphandle ingafakwa ioyile okanye ifakwe i-primer.
● Ukhuseleko lokugqibela:Iikhaphu zeplastiki (iikhaphu zentsimbi ezinobubanzi obukhulu).
●Ukudibanisa:Kwiidayamitha ezincinci (<20″) – iibhanti ezinee-spacers. Kwiidayamitha ezinkulu – ii-cradles ezizimeleyo.
●Ixesha lokufumana umvuzo (iodolo yokuqala):Iiveki ezili-14 ukuya kwezili-18 (ukufumana nokuhambisa iipleyiti ezingama-904L). Iiodolo eziphindaphindwayo: Iiveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12.
●I-MOQ:Akukho MOQ ingqongqo; ii-odolo zovavanyo zamkelwe (umz., iimitha ezili-100-200). Amaxabiso ezinto ezincinci aphezulu.
8. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo) – 904L Clad Pipe
Umbuzo 1: Ndingayikhetha nini i-904L kune-316L kumbhobho ogqunyiweyo?
A: Khetha i-904L xa inkonzo ibandakanyai-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-asidi ye-phosphoric, i-asidi ye-formic/acetic, okanye xa i-316L ibonisa ukuba kukho imingxuma okanye umhlwa oqhelekileyo kwindawo okuyo. I-904L ikwangcono kumanzi olwandle afudumeleyo (ii-chloride eziphezulu). Ukuba ulwelo lune-asidi encinci kuphela kwaye alunazo ii-chloride, i-316L inokwanela.
Umbuzo 2: Lithini iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu le-904L?
A: Kwinkonzo yokugqwala, i-904L idla ngokukhawulelwa kwi350-400°CNgaphezu koko, izinto zinokuba nomsindo okanye zilahlekelwe kukumelana nokugqwala. Kwinkonzo ye-asidi yobushushu obuphezulu (>400°C), cinga nge-Alloy 825 okanye 625.
Umbuzo 3: Ngaba i-904L ingasetyenziselwa inkonzo yegesi emuncu (H₂S)?
A: I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ivumela i-904L yenkonzo ye-muncu kuphela kwiimeko eziphantsi kakhulu: uxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-H₂S, ii-chloride eziphantsi, i-pH >3.5, ubushushu obungaphantsi kwama-60°C. Kwigesi eqhelekileyo emanzi ye-muncu, i-Incoloy 825 iyathandwa.
Umbuzo 4: Yeyiphi intsimbi yokuzalisa ekufuneka isetyenziswe ekudibaniseni umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L?
A: Kwi-inner pass (904L ukuya kwi-904L), sebenzisaI-Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3)okanyeIsizalisi se-904L (ER385)I-Alloy 625 ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Musa ukusebenzisa i-316L filler.
Umbuzo 5: Ingaba umbhobho ogqunywe nge-904L uyafumaneka ngobubanzi obuncinci (umz., 2″) wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo?
A: Ewe, ngenkqubo yethu yokukhupha ngaphandle komthungo. Ubuncinane be-OD bumalunga ne-25 mm (1″). Ubukhulu be-cladding yi-2.0 2.5 mm.
Umbuzo 6: I-904L ithelekiswa njani ne-Alloy 28 (UNS N08028)?
A: Zombini zii-austenitics ze-alloy eziphezulu ezine-PREN efanayo (34 vs 38). I-Alloy 28 ine-Cr kunye ne-Ni ephezulu, kwaye inokumelana ngcono ne-chloride ephezulu + i-pitting yobushushu obuphezulu. Kwi-sulfuric acid, zombini zilungile. I-Alloy 28 ibiza kancinci. I-904L ixhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo ze-acid zaseMntla Melika; I-Alloy 28 kwiinkcukacha zaseYurophu.
Umbuzo 7: Ngaba ungabonelela ngepayipi egqunywe nge-904L ene-A333 Gr.6 backing ukuze ufumane inkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi?
A: Ewe. I-904L ihlala ithambile kubushushu obuphantsi; i-A333 Gr.6 backing ivavanywa kwi-impact kwi--45°C. Le ndibaniselwano ifanelekile kwiipayipi ze-arctic acid (ezinqabileyo kodwa zinokwenzeka).
Umbuzo 8: Ngaba unika isiqinisekiso sokuba i-cladding ayinakuxutywa yintsimbi yekhabhoni?
A: Ewe. Inkqubo yokubopha i-vacuum hot roll ithintela i-oxidation kwaye inciphisa ukusasazeka. Senza i-PMI kumphezulu we-cladding ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwayo. Indawo yokunyibilikisa idla ngokuba nobukhulu obuzii-microns ezimbalwa kwaye ayivezwa kulwelo.
Umbuzo 9: Ingakanani i-904L cladding enamandla okuvelisa?
A: I-904L inamandla okuvelisa amalunga ne-220 MPa (32 ksi) kwimeko efakwe i-annealed. Oku kungaphantsi kune-carbon steel backing kodwa ubukhulu be-cladding buncinci; i-carbon steel core ithwala uxinzelelo lwe-hoop. Kuyilo loxinzelelo, sisebenzisa ubukhulu bedonga le-backing steel kuphela; i-cladding ithathwa njengesibonelelo sokugqwala.
Umbuzo 10: Ngaba ninikezela ngeziphelo ezibengezelayo ezinebhotolo ye-904L?
A: Ewe. Singalungisa ii-bevels (30-35°, umhlaba oyi-1.6 mm) size sisebenzise i-weld overlay (ibhotolo) ye-Alloy 625 okanye i-904L filler ebusweni be-bevel. Oku kuthintela ukuxinana kwe-904L cladding ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-field girth.
Q11: Ngaba ungabonelela ngeetyhubhu ze-U-bend ze-904L ezigutyungelwe yi-heat exchanger?
A: Ewe, kwipayipi egqunywe ngomthungo (OD ≤168 mm). Sigoba ngokubandayo, sinciphise uxinzelelo, kwaye sigobe nge-100% NDT (PT okanye ET). Ukugoba kwe-U kwiinkonzo ze-asidi kuxhaphakile kwizityalo zeekhemikhali.
Umbuzo 12: Ndingayiodola njani i-trial quantity encinci?
A: Nika i-OD, i-core WT, ubukhulu be-cladding, ubude (m), kunye nomgangatho wentsimbi engasemva. Siza kucaphula ibhetshi yovavanyo (umz., 50 ukuya kwiimitha ezili-100). Lindela iprimiyamu yexabiso kwiimilinganiselo ezincinci.
9. Uluhlu lokutshekisha ii-odolo zePipe ye-904L Clad
Ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, nceda unikezele:
●Ibanga lentsimbi elixhaswayo(API 5L X52/60/65, SA-106 Gr.B, SA-210 Gr.C, A333 Gr.6, okanye A335 P11/P22)
● Ububanzi obungaphandle (OD)kwayeubukhulu bodonga oluphambili
● Ubukhulu be-904L cladding(cebisa i-3.0 mm kwinkonzo ye-asidi)
● Ubude ngeqhekeza ngalinyekwayeubude obupheleleyo (iimitha)
● Indlela yokwenza izinto(ifakwe i-OD ≥219 mm; ingenamthungo kwi-OD ≤168 mm)
● Umgangatho osebenzayo(I-API 5LD, i-ASME, i-EN, okanye iinkcukacha zomthengi)
● Inqanaba lokuhlola(Uhlobo 3.1 oluqhelekileyo; Uhlobo 3.2 nomntu wesithathu)
● Phelisa ukugqiba(icacileyo, ibheveled, ibheveled + 904L yokufaka ibhotolo)
● Ixesha lokuhanjiswa(Izibuko lase-FOB China, izibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo i-CIF)
I-Womic Steel iza kuphendula ngedatha yobugcisa, isicatshulwa sorhwebo, kunye nesicwangciso somgangatho.
10. I-Contact Womic Steel – Ingcali yeMibhobho ye-High Alloy Clad
Ukuba ujonge iUmbhobho ogqunywe ngemisonto engama-316LNgenkxaso yentsimbi yekhabhoni okanye ye-alloy eqhelekileyo, nxibelelana nathi ukuze ufumane ingcebiso yobugcisa yasimahla kwaye akukho xabiso linyanzelekileyo.
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Izisombululo zemibhobho ezifakwe i-316L ezenzelwe inkonzo ye-CO₂, ibhoyila, isixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu, ubushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu.
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