1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye ne-API yamandla eNkampani i-5L X52 ERW Steel Pipe
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iimveliso zetyhubhu zekhabhoni, i-alloy, kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Isixhobo sethu sokuvelisa imibhobho ye-ERW yanamhlanje sigubungela amandla okuvelisa angaphezulu kweetoni ezili-15,000 ngenyanga kwimibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo enganyangekiyo ngombane.
Uluhlu lobungakanani bemveliso yepayipi ye-ERW X52:Ububanzi obungaphandle buqala kwi-60.3mm ukuya kwi-610mm (ii-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwi-24 intshi) kunye nobukhulu bodonga buqala kwi-4.0mm ukuya kwi-19.1mm (Ishedyuli 10 ukuya kwiShedyuli 80). Ubude obungacwangciswanga obuphindwe kabini be-6m, ubude obuphindwe kabini be-12m, okanye ubude obulungiselelwe wena njengoko kufuneka.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015:Inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho eqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
Ilayisenisi yeMonogram ye-API 5L:Igunyazisiwe ukwenza umbhobho womgca we-API 5L, ebonisa ukuzibophelela kwimigangatho ephezulu yoshishino kwimibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile negesi.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ukuthobela i-European Pressure Equipment Directive yokususwa kwerhafu ngendlela egudileyo ngaphakathi kwe-EEA. I-DoP ibonelele nge-EN equals.
Isiqinisekiso se-EN 10204 3.2:Isatifikethi sokuhlola 3.2 esiqinisekiswe yi-TÜV, LR, BV, okanye i-SGS kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo ezifuna ukulandelelwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuvunywa koHlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI):Iimveliso kunye neenkqubo ezivunyiweyo yi-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-GL, kunye ne-TÜV ukuze kuhlelwe iiprojekthi zaselwandle ezilawulwa nguluntu.
Iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo:I-ISO 14001, ISO 45001, NORSOK M-650, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yezicelo zenkonzo emuncu.
Iimvume Ezithile Kubathengi:Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwefektri kwiinkampani ezinkulu ze-EPC, ii-NOC, kunye neenkampani zamandla zehlabathi.
Ukwamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela:I-Womic Steel ngumthengisi othembekileyo kwiinkampani zamandla zeFortune 500 kunye nabakhi be-EPC behlabathi, bekhonza amazwe angaphezu kwama-80 kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, eYurophu, eMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika, naseMelika.
2. I-API 5L X52 ERW Steel Pipe: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-API 5L X52 (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-L360 phantsi kwe-ISO 3183) yintsimbi yombhobho enamandla aphezulu eyenzelwe ngokukodwa imibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile negesi. I-"X" imele "X42, X52, X65" ibonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa kwiikhilogram nge-intshi yesikwere (KSI). Ke ngoko, i-X52 inamandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-52,000 psi (malunga ne-360 MPa). Igama elithi "L360" phantsi komgangatho we-ISO limele izinto ezifanayo ezinamandla okuvelisa angama-360 MPa.
Xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba aphantsi afana ne-GR.B (35,000 psi yield) kunye ne-X42 (42,000 psi yield), i-X52 inika amandla angcono ngelixa igcina ukudityaniswa okuhle kunye nokuqina. Olu lungelelwaniso lwenza i-X52 ibe lolona nqanaba luchazwe ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi zemibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye nolwandle kwihlabathi liphela. I-X52 inika ukusebenza okuphezulu kwimibhobho esebenza kuxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-1,500 psi, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bodonga kunye nokwakheka kobubanzi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L X52 ERW Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | Nb | V | Ti | Al |
| I-PSL1 ephezulu % | 0.28 | — | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — | — | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.04 | — |
| I-PSL2 ephezulu % | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.060 |
*Qaphela: Iimfuneko zePSL2 zingqongqo kakhulu xa kukho imida ephantsi yekhabhoni, iphosphorus, kunye nesulfure. Ukongezwa kwezinto ezincinci ezixutywayo (iNiobium, iVanadium, iTitanium) kuphucula ulwakhiwo lweenkozo kwaye kuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kobushushu obuphantsi. I-PSL2 ikwafuna amaxabiso alinganayo nekhabhoni alawulwayo (CE): CE(IIW) ≤ 0.43% kwi-seamless kunye ≤ 0.43% kwimibhobho edibeneyo enobukhulu bodonga ≤ 19mm.*
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L X52 ERW Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi):
| Ipropati | Imfuneko yePSL1 | Imfuneko yePSL2 |
| Amandla Okuvelisa (ReH / Rt0.5) | 52,000 - 77,000 psi (360 - 530 MPa) | 52,000 - 77,000 psi (360 - 530 MPa) |
| Amandla okuThamba (Rm) | ≥ 66,000 psi (≥ 460 MPa) | ≥ 66,000 psi (≥ 460 MPa) |
| Umlinganiselo (Isivuno/Ukutsalwa) | Akukho mda uthile | ≤ 0.93 |
| Ukwandiswa (Umzuzu omnye) | Ibalwa ngokwefomula nganye | Ibalwa ngokwefomula nganye |
| Ubulukhuni (HRC / HV) | Akukho mfuneko | ≤ 27 HRC / ≤ 250 HV10 |
*Qaphela: I-PSL2 ibeka iimfuno ezongezelelweyo kuquka umlinganiselo ophezulu we-yield-to-tensile we-0.93, imida ephezulu yobunzima kwizicelo zenkonzo emuncu, kunye namaxabiso aphuculweyo okuqina kwempembelelo ye-Charpy V-Notch. Kwi-PSL2, amandla amancinci okuchaphazela yi-40J (umndilili) kunye ne-30J (umntu ngamnye) kwi-0°C yomzimba wepayipi, i-weld, kunye ne-HAZ.*
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L X52 ERW Iipropati zeMpembelelo yoBushushu obuphantsi (iCharpy V-Notch) - PSL2:
| Indawo yoVavanyo | Ubushushu | Amandla Aphakathi (Ubuncinci) | Amandla oMntu ngamnye (Ubuncinane) |
| Umzimba wePipe (Longitudinal) | 0°C | IiJoules ezingama-40 | IiJoules ezingama-30 |
| Isinyithi Esihlanganisiweyo (Esinqamlezileyo) | 0°C | IiJoules ezingama-40 | IiJoules ezingama-30 |
| Indawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu (HAZ) | 0°C | IiJoules ezingama-40 | IiJoules ezingama-30 |
| Ukhetho lweNkonzo emuncu | -10°C okanye ngaphantsi | Njengoko kuchaziwe | Njengoko kuchaziwe |
*Qaphela: Kwizicelo zenkonzo emuncu (ukuxhathisa kwe-HIC/SSC), uvavanyo lwempembelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi (-10°C, -20°C, okanye -46°C) kunye nemiqathango eyongezelelweyo yokuqina (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10) ziyafuneka ngokweSihlomelo H se-API 5L.*
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L X52 ERW Imida elingana neKhabhoni (PSL2):
| Ubukhulu bodonga | I-CE (IIW) Ubuninzi | Ubuninzi be-CET |
| t ≤ 19mm (0.748") | 0.43% | 0.25% |
| 19mm < t ≤ 40mm (1.575") | 0.43% | 0.25% |
| t > 40mm | Ngesivumelwano | Ngesivumelwano |
Qaphela: Isilinganisi sekhabhoni ephantsi siqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kakuhle kwiimeko zasentsimini ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili uninzi lobukhulu bodonga, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokufakela kunye nexesha.
3. I-API 5L X52 ERW Steel Pipe Dimensional Range & Standards Compliance
I-Womic Steel ibonelela ngeepayipi ze-API 5L X52 ERW kuzo zonke ii-spectrum ezibanzi, ezihambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho ye-API 5L 46th Edition kunye ne-ISO 3183.
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-API 5L Uhlelo lwama-46 / ISO 3183 |
| Inqanaba leNkcazelo yeMveliso | I-PSL1 (eQhelekileyo) / i-PSL2 (ephuculweyo) |
| Ibanga | I-X52 (L360) |
| Inkqubo yoMveliso | Ukuwelda okuxhathisa umbane (ERW) / Ukuwelda okuQhelekileyo (HFW) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | 60.3mm – 610mm (ii-intshi ezi-2 – ii-intshi ezingama-24) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | 4.0mm – 19.1mm (Ishedyuli 10 – Ishedyuli 80) |
| Ubude | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), okanye ubude obulungiselelwe wena ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18m |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo Esicacileyo (PE) / Isiphelo Esibekiweyo (BE) / Esinemisonto Nesidityanisiweyo (Imigaqo neMigqaliselo) |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Ingenanto / Ifakwe ioyile / Imnyama Egqunywe ngentsimbi / 3PE / FBE / Igalelwe ngentsimbi |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo - Umbhobho weNsimbi ye-ERW
| NB | Ubungakanani | OD mm | I-SCH40S mm | I-SCH5S mm | I-SCH10S mm | I-SCH10 mm | I-SCH20 mm | I-SCH40 mm | I-SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | I-SCH80 mm | I-SCH100 mm | I-SCH120 mm | I-SCH140 mm | I-SCH160 mm | I-SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Qaphela: Ukufumaneka kobukhulu bodonga kunokwahluka ngokusekwe kububanzi bombhobho kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa. Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo ngaphandle kolu luhlu bufumaneka xa uceliwe.
5. Imigangatho yePipe yeNsimbi ye-ERW eqhelekileyo eyenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amabanga aQhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| I-API 5L (Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho woMgca) | ||
| I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi, imibhobho eselunxwemeni/elunxwemeni |
| Umbhobho woMgca we-ASTM kunye noMbhobho woLwakhiwo | ||
| I-ASTM A53 (Iinkcukacha zePipe, iNtsimbi, emnyama neshushu, egqunywe yiZinc, eWelded kwaye engenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Amanzi, igesi, umphunga, umoya, usetyenziso lwesakhiwo |
| I-ASTM A135 (Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho weNsimbi oThintelweyo oXhatshazwa nguMbane) | GR.A, GR.B | Iinkonzo zamanzi, igesi, umphunga, ukucoca |
| I-ASTM A252 (Iinkcukacha zeePipe zeNsimbi eziWelded nezingenamthungo) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Ukufakwa kweziseko, ukufakwa kweenqanawa, isiseko sebhulorho |
| I-ASTM A500 (Iinkcukacha zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeKhabhoni eyenziwe ngoBubandayo kunye neNgenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Iipayipi zesakhiwo, izakhelo zesakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-ASTM A501 (Iinkcukacha zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeKhabhoni eyenziwe ngobushushu kunye nengenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Izicelo ezinzima zesakhiwo, iikholamu, ii-trusses |
| I-ASTM Boiler kunye ne-Heat Exchanger (ERW) | ||
| I-ASTM A178 (Iinkcukacha zeCarbon Steel Welded kunye neeCarbon-Manganese Steel Boiler Tubes) | Ibanga A, C, D | Iityhubhu zebhoyila, iityhubhu ze-superheater |
| I-ASTM A214 (Iinkcukacha ze-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger kunye neeCondenser Tubes ezixhathisa umbane) | — | Izitshintshi zobushushu, ii-condensers |
| I-ASTM A250 (Iinkcukacha zeBoiler yentsimbi yeFerritic Alloy kunye neeTubes zeSuperheater ezixhathisa umbane) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Ibhoyila yobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-superheater |
| I-ASTM A334 (Iinkcukacha zeetyhubhu zeCarbon kunye ne-Alloy Steel ezingenamthungo nezidibeneyo zeNkonzo yoBushushu obuphantsi) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Inkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi, i-cryogenic |
| Imigangatho ye-EN / DIN / BS | ||
| I-EN 10217-1 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo - Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezomxube ezineempawu ezithile zobushushu begumbi) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, iidrama zebhoyila, imibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| I-EN 10217-2 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo - Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezomxube kunye nezomxube ezineempawu zobushushu obuphezulu ezichaziweyo) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Ubushushu obuphezulu, iityhubhu zebhoyila, izitshintshi zobushushu |
| I-EN 10219-1 (Iinxalenye ezingenanto zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ebandayo ngeenjongo zokwakha) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Izicelo zesakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-EN 10210 (Iinxalenye ezingaphakathi ezishushu nezingenanto yokwenziwa kunye neentsimbi ezincinci) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Iindawo ezingenanto/ezinemiphetho eshushu ezenziwe ngemithungo/ezitshisiweyo ngeenjongo zokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-EN 10025-2 (Iimveliso eziqengqelekayo ezishushu zeentsimbi ezakhiweyo - Iintsimbi ezakhiweyo ezingezo-alloy) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Imisebenzi yesinyithi ngokubanzi, ubunjineli bokwakha |
| I-EN 10255 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezo-alloy ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda kunye nokuluka imisonto) | S195T, S235JRTH | Amanzi, igesi, amanzi amdaka, iinkqubo zemibhobho enemisonto |
| EN 10305-2 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo - Iityhubhu ezitsalwa ngokubandayo ezidityanisiweyo) | E215, E235, E355 | Izicelo ezichanekileyo, ii-hydraulic cylinders |
| I-BS 1387 (Iinkcukacha zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezifakwe izikrufu nezinesokhethi kunye neetyhubhu) | Iklasi A, B, C | Amanzi, igesi, umphunga, i-scaffolding, umbhobho onemisonto |
| I-DIN 2458 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo - Iimeko zobuchwephesha ngokubanzi zokuhanjiswa) | I-St37.0, I-St44.0, I-St52.0 | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezitshisiweyo ngokubanzi, usetyenziso lwesakhiwo |
| Imigangatho ye-ISO kunye neminye | ||
| I-ISO 3183 (Imizi-mveliso yepetroli negesi yendalo - Imibhobho yentsimbi yeenkqubo zothutho lwemibhobho) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Imibhobho yeoyile negesi (ilingana ne-ISO ye-API 5L) |
| I-ISO 65 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zamanzi, igesi kunye nelindle - Iityhubhu ezinemisonto) | Phakathi, Kunzima | Amanzi, igesi, amanzi amdaka, umbhobho onemisonto |
| I-CSA G40.21 (Intsimbi yomgangatho wesakhiwo - umgangatho waseKhanada) | 44W, 50W | Usetyenziso lwezakhiwo (eKhanada) |
| AS 1163 (Iinxalenye ezingenanto zentsimbi yesakhiwo - umgangatho wase-Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Iindawo ezingenanto ezakhiweyo (eOstreliya) |
| I-GOST 10706 (Iipayipi zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zemibhobho kunye nezakhiwo - umgangatho waseRashiya) | ISt20, Ist35, Ist45 | Iipayipi, usetyenziso lwezakhiwo (eRashiya) |
Ukusetyenziswa:Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi, amanzi kunye nelindle, iiprojekthi zesakhiwo, i-scaffolding, isiseko sokufaka iipali, ulwelo oluphezulu loxinzelelo, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, ukuvelisa umbane, ulwakhiwo, ubunjineli baselwandle, iityhubhu zebhoyila, izitshintshi zobushushu, ii-superheater, ii-condenser, inkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi, usetyenziso oluchanekileyo, ii-hydraulic cylinders, iinkqubo zemibhobho enemisonto
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso - Umbhobho weNsimbi we-ERW / HFW
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza:Iikhoyili zentsimbi ezingenayo ziyaqinisekiswa ukuba zenziwe ngamakhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ikhoyili nganye inikwe inombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo ukuze ilandeleke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa:Iikhoyili ziyavulwa zize zilinganiswe ukuze zithe tyaba umcu kwaye zisuse iseti yeekhoyili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zithe tyaba ngokulinganayo ukuze zihlale zimile.
Ukusila kunye nokuSika imiphetho:Zombini imiphetho yomcu zigaywa ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobubanzi obuchanekileyo (± 0.5mm), nto leyo eyenza umphezulu ococekileyo nohambelanayo ukuze kwenziwe i-weld esemgangathweni ophezulu.
Ukwenziwa Komkhuhlane:Umcu olinganisiweyo udlula kwimiqulu eyenza imiqulu ethi kancinci kancinci ibumbe umcu othe tyaba ube yiqokobhe letyhubhu elivulekileyo eliyi-cylindrical.
Ukuwelda Okuphindaphindwayo (HFW/ERW):Umbane ohamba rhoqo (200-500 kHz) ufudumeza imiphetho yokudibana ukuya kubushushu bokubumba (1,350-1,500°C). Iiroli zokucinezela zicinezela imiphetho eshushu kunye, zenze i-weld eyenziweyo ngaphandle kwezinto zokuzalisa.
Ukususwa kweeBead eziWeldiweyo:I-flash yangaphakathi neyangaphandle isuswa zii-carbide scarfing blades xa ishushu, nto leyo evelisa umphezulu ogudileyo ongenazo izixhobo zokuwelda ezininzi.
Ubungakanani:Ityhubhu edibeneyo idlula kwiiroli zobukhulu ukuze ifikelele ekunyamezeleni okuchanekileyo kwe-OD (± 0.5% ukuya ku-± 1.0%). Iiroli ezongezelelweyo zivelisa iimilo zesikwere/unxande ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Unyango lobushushu (Ukhetho):Ukulungisa iqondo lobushushu kwi-890-930°C kunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukuguquguquka okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, nto leyo evelisa isakhiwo esifana ne-ferrite-pearlite microstructure.
Ukusika Ubude:Umbhobho unqunyulwa ngobude obuchaziweyo kusetyenziswa iisarha ezisikiweyo ezibhabhayo ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo (±3mm).
Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo:
●Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT):Ukuhlolwa kwe-100% komthungo we-weld kunye nomzimba wepayipi ukujonga ii-laminations, i-inclusions, kunye nokungabikho kwe-fusion.
● Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET):Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wokuwelda kwi-intanethi rhoqo.
● Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic:Umbhobho ngamnye uvavanywe kwi-95% ye-SMYS ubuncinane imizuzwana eli-10.
Ukugqiba Ukugqiba:Iziphelo ezingenanto, iziphelo ezibhityileyo (30°-35° kunye nokufika kwe-1.6mm), okanye iziphelo ezinemisonto ngokweemfuno zomthengi.
Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokumakishwa:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuthe tye), kunye nophawu olusisigxina ngokomgangatho (umgangatho, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, umenzi).
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuthobela imida yokwakheka kwe-API 5L |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Qinisekisa isivuno, amandla okutsalwa, ubude |
| Kwinkqubo | Uhlolo lweMilinganiselo (iiMicrometer, iiCalipers) | Jonga i-OD, i-WT ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Kwi-intanethi | Fumanisa ukungaqhubeki kwe-weld, ukungabikho kokudibana |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET) - Kwi-intanethi | Ukubeka esweni umgangatho womthungo we-weld rhoqo |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lweMacro lweWeld Seam | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld kunye ne-fusion geometry |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (imizuzwana eli-10 kwi-95% SMYS) | Qinisekisa ukuthembeka koxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kokuvuza |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Ngaphandle koMgca (Ukhetho) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-laminar yomzimba wonke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uhlolo lweeNgcawu zeMagnetic (MPI) | Ukufunyanwa kweentanda zomphezulu (ukuwelda kunye neHAZ) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch Impact | Qinisekisa ubulukhuni obuphantsi kobushushu (PSL2) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni (HRC / HV10) | Qinisekisa imida yobunzima obukhulu (inkonzo emuncu) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Gond oluQondisiweyo (Ubuso kunye neNgcambu) | Qinisekisa ukuba i-weld ductility kunye ne-vintage |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lokuTyatya | Qinisekisa ukuba umzimba wombhobho uqinile kwaye uqinile |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uhlolo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokubonakalayo | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuthe tye, umgangatho womphezulu |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukuqinisekiswa kokumakisha | Qinisekisa ukuba uphawu olusisigxina luyi-5L nganye kwi-API nganye |
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwePSL2 / Inkonzo eSour:
● Uvavanyo lwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Uvavanyo lwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A
● Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo yeCVN kwi -10°C, -20°C, okanye -46°C
● Ukuqinisekiswa koBulukhuni (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 yokumelana ne-HIC)
Amaxwebhu oMgangatho:
● Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo olusebenzisa amanzi (umbhobho ngombhobho)
● Ingxelo yoHlolo lwe-UT / ET
Ukulandeleka ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo
8. Izicelo eziphambili ze-ERW Steel Pipe
Imibhobho ye-ERW zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni kweoyile negesi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo:
Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi:Iipayipi ezikude ezisebenza elunxwemeni naselunxwemeni zeoyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye neemveliso zepetroleum ezicociweyo.
Ukuthuthwa kolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu:Imigca yokufaka amanzi, iinkqubo zokulahla amanzi eziveliswayo, kunye nokudluliselwa kolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiindawo zeoyile kunye neendawo zokucubungula.
Iiprojekthi zeMibhobho yaseLwandle:Imigca yokuqokelelana phakathi kwamazwe, imigca yetrunk, kunye nemibhobho yokusasaza kwiindawo zeoyile negesi.
Iinkqubo zeMibhobho zaseLwandle:Iindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, iindlela zokunyusa amanzi, kunye nemibhobho yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiiplatifomu zaselwandle kunye nokugqitywa kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle (kunye nePSL2 kunye neendlela zenkonzo ezimuncu).
Iindawo zeNkonzo eziMnandi:Iipayipi ezisebenzisa igesi emuncu emanzi (equlethe i-H₂S) ezifuna i-PSL2 eneemfuno ezongezelelweyo kuquka ukumelana ne-HIC kunye ne-SSC ngokwemigangatho ye-NACE.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi:Imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi enobukhulu obukhulu, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi aluhlaza ukuze asetyenziswe ngumasipala nakwimizi-mveliso.
Unyango lweMijelo yamanzi amdaka kunye namanzi amdaka:Iintambo zokukhupha ukungcola, imibhobho yezityalo zonyango, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha udaka.
Izicelo zeZakhiwo zeMizi-mveliso:Iirakhi zemibhobho, izixhaso, izixhobo zokuxhasa, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha kwiindawo zokucocisa, kwizityalo zepetrochemical, nakwizakhiwo zoshishino.
Izixhobo zokuCoca ioyile negesi:Imigca yokuhamba kwamanzi, ii-headers, ii-manifolds, kunye neepayipi ezidibanisayo kwiindawo zokucubungula kunye nezikhululo ze-compressor.
I-EPC kunye neMibhobho yeZityalo:Imibhobho yenkqubo kunye neenkonzo zombane kwiindawo zokucoca, kwizikhululo zokucubungula igesi, kwiikhompleksi zeekhemikhali, nakwizibonelelo zokuvelisa umbane.
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa
Iipayipi ze-ERW ziyapakishwa kwaye zithunyelwa ngononophelo olukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo ngexesha lokuhamba. Nantsi inkcazo yenkqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela:
Ukupakisha:
Ukwaleka okuKhuselekileyo:Ngaphambi kokupakisha, imibhobho inokugqunywa ngomaleko omncinci weoyile yokulwa nomhlwa okanye ivanishi yokukhusela ukuthintela ukugqwala komphezulu kunye ne-oxidation ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokuthuthwa. Isiphelo esingenanto sikwafumaneka ukuze sisetyenziswe ngoko nangoko kwindawo oya kuyo.
Ukudibanisa:Iipayipi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kunye neenkcukacha ezifanayo zihlanganiswa ngononophelo zibe ziibhanti ezizinxantathu okanye ezizinxantathu. Ziqiniswe kusetyenziswa iibhanti zentsimbi (ngesiqhelo iibhanti ezi-3-5 ngebhanti nganye) ukuthintela intshukumo ngaphakathi kwibhanti.
Iintloko zokuphela:Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki (PE okanye PP) zibekwe kuzo zombini iziphelo zombhobho ngamnye ukukhusela iziphelo ezibhityileyo, iziphelo ezicacileyo, kunye noqhagamshelo olunemisonto kumonakalo obangelwe yimpembelelo, ukungena kwenkunkuma, kunye nokufuma.
Ukugquma kunye nokugquma:Kwiiodolo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izinto zokugquma ezifana neeringi zefoam okanye imicu yerabha zingasetyenziswa phakathi kweengqimba zemibhobho ukuthintela ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nokonakala kwengubo ngexesha lokuphathwa.
Iibhokisi okanye iiCases zoMthi:Kwiipayipi ezibhityileyo, iityhubhu ezichanekileyo, okanye iiodolo zokugquma eziphezulu, iipayipi zinokupakishwa kwiikreyithi zokhuni eziqinileyo okanye kwiikheyiphu zeplywood ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo kwimikhosi yangaphandle kunye nokuphathwa rhabaxa.
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
Indlela Yothutho:Iipayipi zithunyelwa ngeenqanawa zesikhongozeli (20ft/40ft), izithuthi ezinkulu, okanye imithwalo kaloliwe kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo, umthamo, kunye nokungxamiseka. Imithwalo emoyeni iyafumaneka ukuze isampuli okanye ithunyelwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina:Iiodolo ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ezilayishwa kwiikhonteyina zokuthutha eziqhelekileyo, zikhusela imithwalo kwimozulu, ukufuma, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo zangaphandle ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukulayisha inqanawa enkulu:Ii-odolo ezinkulu (ezihlala zingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-200) zilayishwa ngqo kwiinqwelo zokuthwala impahla ezinkulu. Iiplanga zokuphakamisa kunye neebhari zokusasaza zithintela umonakalo; zigubungele kwaye zibophe imithwalo ekhuselekileyo elwandle.
Ukubhala iilebheli kunye namaxwebhu:Iphakheji nganye ibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngomgangatho, umgangatho, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Amaxwebhu apheleleyo (i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yemithwalo, iSatifikethi seMvelaphi, iZatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill) alungiselelwe ukususwa kwempahla ngendlela ethe tye.
Ukubopha Okukhuselekileyo:Iibhanti zibotshelelwe ngentambo yentsimbi, iingxowa ze-dunnage, okanye izixhobo zokubopha iinkuni ukuthintela ukushukuma, ukuqengqeleka, okanye ukonakala ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukulandelela kunye ne-inshurensi:Iinombolo zokulandelela iikhonteyina zibonelelwe ukuze kujongwe ngexesha langempela. I-inshurensi yemithwalo yaselwandle (Yonke Ingozi okanye Ngomndilili) iyafumaneka xa iceliwe.
Ngamafutshane, iWomic Steel iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iipayipi ze-ERW Steel zipakishwe ngamanyathelo okukhusela aphambili kushishino kwaye zithunyelwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zothutho ezithembekileyo ukuze zifike kwindawo eziya kuyo zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha nokuthumela zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ezihanjiswayo.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye nemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Kutheni Usebenzisana neWomic Steel?
Ivenkile Enendawo Yonke:Uluhlu olupheleleyo ukusuka kwimibhobho ye-API 5L ERW ukuya kwizixhobo zepayipi ze-OEM ezifanayo (ii-Elbows, ii-Tees, ii-Reducers, ii-Flanges, ii-Caps) kwiindidi zezinto ezihambelanayo, kubandakanya intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ye-alloy, kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Ukuthobela uMthetho woBugcisa:Izatifikethi zoVavanyo olupheleleyo lweMill (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2) zibonelelwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye, zichaza ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lweekhemikhali, iziphumo zovavanyo loomatshini, kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezingonakalisiyo.
Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo ngexabiso:Ukubeka imiphetho (30°-35°), ukufaka imisonto kunye nokudibanisa, ukufakelwa kwee-caps zeplastiki, kunye ne-anti-corrosion coating (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) ziyafumaneka ngaphakathi okanye ngezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zamaqabane.
Ukhuphiswano lwezothutho:Intsebenziswano enobuchule kunye nabathuthi bempahla kwihlabathi liphela iqinisekisa ukulayisha okungcono kweekhonteyina (ukwandisa ubungakanani kwikhonteyina nganye) kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela okungabizi kakhulu kunye namaxesha okuhamba athembekileyo.
Uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo:Isitokhwe esikhulu seesayizi eziqhelekileyo ze-API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, iShedyuli 10-80) siqinisekisa amaxesha amafutshane okukhokela kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ezingxamisekileyo. Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo obuveliswa xa kufuneka ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhokela leentsuku ezingama-30-45.
Amandla eNkonzo eSour:Amandla apheleleyo okubonelela ngemibhobho yePSL2 enovavanyo lweHIC kunye neSSC ngokwemigangatho ye-NACE yokusetyenziswa kwegesi emuncu. Ukuqina kulawulwa ukuya kwi-≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Khetha iWomic Steel Group njengeqabane lakho elithembekileyo leeMbhobho zeNsimbi ze-API 5L X52 ERW ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa. Wamkelekile ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Umnxeba/i-WhatsApp/i-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-API 5L PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2 kwimibhobho ye-X52?
A: I-PSL1 (Inqanaba lokuQaphela iMveliso 1) linqanaba lomgangatho oqhelekileyo oneemfuno ezisisiseko zeekhemikhali kunye nezoomatshini. I-PSL2 (Inqanaba lokuQaphela iMveliso 2) ibeka imida engqongqo kwikhabhoni, i-phosphorus, i-sulfur, ifuna umlinganiselo ophezulu we-yield-to-tensile we-0.93, uvavanyo oluyimfuneko lweCharpy, kunye novavanyo oluphuculweyo olungonakalisiyo. I-PSL2 iyimfuneko kwinkonzo emuncu, ulwandle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ebalulekileyo. Kwi-X52, i-PSL2 ikwafuna ixabiso eliphantsi lekhabhoni (CE ≤ 0.43%) ukuze kube lula ukuwelda.
Q: Ngaba umbhobho we-API 5L X52 ungasetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo?
A: Ewe. Amandla e-X52 aphantsi okuvelisa angama-360 MPa (52,000 psi) ayenza ifaneleke kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zokwakha kuquka iirakhi zepayipi, iikholamu zokuxhasa, ukuxhasa, kunye neefreyimu ezinzima zesakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiizicelo zesakhiwo kuphela (ezingaxinzelelwanga), i-ASTM A500 GR.B okanye i-A53 GR.B zinokuba zezona ndlela zingabizi kakhulu.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ERW kunye ne-HFW? Yeyiphi engcono kwipayipi ye-X52?
A: I-ERW (i-Electric Resistance Welding) kunye ne-HFW (i-High Frequency Welding) zisetyenziswa ngokutshintshana. I-HFW isebenzisa ngokukodwa i-high-frequency current (ngesiqhelo i-200-500 kHz) evelisa indawo encinci echaphazeleka bubushushu (i-HAZ) kunye nomgangatho ophezulu we-weld xa kuthelekiswa ne-low-frequency ERW eqhelekileyo. Kwi-API 5L X52, i-HFW yinkqubo ekhethwayo njengoko inika ubulukhuni be-weld obungcono kunye ne-HAZ encinci, ebalulekileyo kwinkonzo emuncu kunye nokusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphantsi.
Q: Ithetha ukuthini "inkonzo emuncu" kwaye ungabonelela nge-X52 kwinkonzo emuncu?
A: Inkonzo yeSour ibhekisa kwimibhobho ethwala igesi emanzi equlethe ihydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Phantsi kwezi meko, intsimbi eqhelekileyo inokuba neengxaki zeHydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) okanye iSulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). Ewe, iWomic Steel ibonelela nge-X52 PSL2 ngeemfuno ezongezelelweyo zenkonzo yesour ngokwe-API 5L Annex H, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-HIC (NACE TM0284), uvavanyo lwe-SSC (NACE TM0177), kunye nolawulo lobunzima (≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC).
Q: Bungakanani ubude obuphezulu obufumanekayo kumbhobho we-API 5L X52 ERW?
A: Sibonelela ngeemibhobho ze-ERW ezinobude obuqhelekileyo obungaguqukiyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezili-12 (malunga neenyawo ezingama-40) kwiimitha ezifikelela kwi-610mm (24"). Kwiimitha ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwe-168mm / 6"), ubude obufikelela kwi-18 metres (ienyawo ezingama-60) buyafumaneka xa buceliwe. Ubude obude kwiiprojekthi ezithile bufuna iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha kunye nokuhlolwa kobunjineli.
Q: Zeziphi iintlobo zokugqiba ozibonelelayo kwipayipi yomgca we-X52?
A: Sinikezela ngeePlain Ends (isikwere esisikiweyo sokuwelda i-butt okanye ii-mechanical couplings), iiBeveled Ends (i-30°-35° bevel angle ene-1.6mm ± 0.8mm landing yokuwelda i-field butt welding), iiThreaded Ends (ii-API okanye ii-threads ezichazwe ngumthengi), kunye neeCoupled Ends (ezinee-coupling threaded ezikwi-pipe ends). Ukulungiswa kwe-end elungiselelweyo kuyafumaneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokufakela.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela ngohlolo lomntu wesithathu kwiipayipi ze-API 5L X52?
A: Ewe. Siyamkela kwaye siququzelela uhlolo lwe-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, okanye nawuphi na ummeli otyunjwe ngumthengi ngexesha lokuvelisa (ukubona uvavanyo lwe-hydro, UT, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu) nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izatifikethi zokuhlolwa eziqinisekiswe ziimibutho zangaphandle ezigunyazisiweyo zinikezelwa rhoqo xa ziceliwe.
Q: Ngaba nibonelela ngeenkonzo ezimfutshane zombhobho we-X52?
A: Ewe. Sinikezela ngokusika ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kubude obuchanekileyo obuchazwe ngumthengi kunye nokunyamezela okuqinileyo (ngesiqhelo ±3mm) kunye neziphelo ezicocekileyo, ezingenayo i-burr. Ukusika kunokulandelwa kukusika i-end beveling (yokuwelda) okanye ukuthungwa (kokudibanisa oomatshini) njengoko kufuneka.
Q: Zeziphi iindlela zokugquma ezikhoyo kumbhobho we-API 5L X52 ERW?
A: Sinikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugquma eziquka: i-FBE (i-Fusion Bonded Epoxy) - umaleko omnye okanye emibini; i-3LPE / 3LPP (i-Three Layer Polyethylene / iPolypropylene); i-Coal Tar Epoxy; i-Liquid Epoxy; i-Galvanizing (i-Hot Dip okanye i-Electro); kunye ne-Black coating (i-lacquer okanye i-varnish). I-coating ingafakwa kwiziko lethu okanye ngezityalo zokugquma ezisebenzisana nathi ezifanelekileyo ezineziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha lokuqalisa le-API 5L X52 PSL2 eneemfuno zenkonzo emuncu?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufumana i-PSL2 eneemfuno zenkonzo emuncu (kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC) limalunga neentsuku ezingama-45-60 ukusuka ekuqinisekisweni kwe-odolo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-odolo kunye neemfuno zovavanyo oluthile. Ii-odolo ezikhawulezayo (iintsuku ezingama-30-45) zinokufumaneka ngezixa ezincinci. Nceda unxibelelane nathi ngamaxesha okufumana i-odolo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
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