1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iimveliso zetyhubhu zekhabhoni, i-alloy, kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Indawo yethu yokuvelisa iipayipi zokufaka iipayipi ezisemgangathweni igubungela amandla okuvelisa angaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-20,000 ngenyanga kwiipayipi zokufaka iipayipi zentsimbi yaselwandle, kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-ERW kunye ne-LSAW/SSAW.
Uluhlu lobungakanani bemveliso yePipe yokuQokelela yaseLwandle:Ububanzi bangaphandle ukusuka kwi-219mm ukuya kwi-660mm (8 intshi ukuya kwi-26 intshi) kwinkqubo ye-ERW, kwaye ukusuka kwi-508mm ukuya kwi-3,000mm (20 intshi ukuya kwi-120 intshi) kwinkqubo ye-LSAW/SSAW. Ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-6.0mm ukuya kwi-25.4mm kwi-ERW, kwaye ukusuka kwi-6.0mm ukuya kwi-50.8mm kwi-LSAW/SSAW. Ubude obubodwa ukusuka kwi-6m ukuya kwi-18m eqhelekileyo, kunye nobude obulungiselelweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60m obufumanekayo kwiiprojekthi zesiseko esinzulu.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015:Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho yokufakela iinkqubo zokuvelisa iipayipi kunye nokulawula umgangatho, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuvelisa.
Ilayisenisi yeMonogram ye-API 5L / API 2B:I-Womic Steel inelayisenisi ye-API 5L yokwenziwa kweLine Pipe kunye nelayisenisi ye-API 2B yeStructural Steel Pipe yezicelo zaselwandle. I-API Monogram imele ukuzibophelela kwethu kwimigangatho ephezulu yoshishino yokuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi kunye neepayipi zokufaka iipali zolwakhiwo olukude nolwandle. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-API kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zeenkcukacha.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Iipayipi zethu zokugquma kunye neetyhubhu zesakhiwo ziyahambelana ne-European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. Uphawu lwe-CE luyafumaneka xa luceliwe ukuze kube lula ukucocwa kwerhafu kunye nokwamkelwa kweprojekthi ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area (EEA). Isibhengezo sokuSebenza (DoP) sinikezelwa kwiimveliso ezisemgangathweni ze-EN.
Isiqinisekiso se-EN 10204 3.2:Ukongeza kwiSatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill ezisemgangathweni ezingama-2.2 kunye nama-3.1, sinikezela ngeemveliso ezineSatifikethi soVavanyo 3.2, esiqinisekiswe yimibutho yangaphandle egunyazisiweyo yi-EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle nezesiseko ezifuna ukulandelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo.
Ukuvunywa koHlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI):Iimveliso zethu kunye neenkqubo zemveliso ziyavunywa kwaye zihlolwe ziiarhente ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neMibutho yoHlelo oluQokelelweyo kuquka i-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-GL, kunye ne-TÜV. Ezi mvume zibonisa amandla ethu okubonelela ngeepayipi zokufaka iipayili kwiiprojekthi zoHlelo oluQokelelweyo loluntu lwaselwandle nolwaselwandle.
Iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo ezikhoyo:
I-ISO 14001:2015(Inkqubo yoLawulo lweNdalo) – Sizibophelele kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ezizinzileyo
I-ISO 45001:2018(Inkqubo yoLawulo lwezeMpilo noKhuseleko emsebenzini) – Ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo
I-FPC (Ulawulo lweMveliso yeFektri)ngokwe-EN 10248 / EN 10219 – Ukuzibhengeza kokuvumelana nokumakishwa kwe-CE
I-NORSOK M-650(Umgangatho waseNorway wezinto zentsimbi) – Iyafumaneka kwiiprojekthi zoLwandle oluseMantla olungaselunxwemeni
I-KTA 3211.2(Umgangatho wenyukliya waseJamani) – Ifumaneka kwizicelo zokufaka izixhobo zenyukliya
Iimvume Ezithile Kubathengi:Sihlala sihlola kwaye sivunywa ziinkampani ezinkulu ze-EPC, iiarhente zezibuko, kunye neenkampani zamandla kwihlabathi liphela. Amaxwebhu kunye nenkxaso yokuhlolwa kweencwadi iyabonelelwa kwiinkqubo zokufaneleka kwababoneleli.
Ukwamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela:I-Womic Steel ngumthengisi othembekileyo kwiinkampani ze-EPC zehlabathi, iingcali zezibuko, iifemu zobunjineli baselwandle, kunye neenkampani zesiseko, ekhonza amazwe angaphezu kwama-80 kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika, naseMelika.
2. I-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-ASTM A252 GR.3yinkcazo esemgangathweni yaseMelika yeepayipu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo nezingenamthungo. Igama elithi "GR.3" libonisa iBanga lesi-3, elinomlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla phakathi kwee-grades ezintathu ze-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). IBanga lesi-3 linika amandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-345 MPa (50,000 psi), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwisiseko esinzulu, ukufakwa kweepayipu zaselwandle, kunye nezicelo zokuthwala imithwalo enzima apho kufuneka khona ulwakhiwo oluphezulu.
I-EN 10248 S355GPngumgangatho waseYurophu wokufaka iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo kunye neepleyiti zepayipi. U-"S" umele intsimbi yesakhiwo, u-"355" umele amandla amancinci okuvelisa i-355 MPa, kwaye u-"GP" umele u-"General Piling" (usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lokufaka iipleyiti). I-S355GP inika amandla aphezulu okuvelisa i-income kune-ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) kwaye ichazwe ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi zokwakha zaselwandle zaseYurophu, eMbindi Mpuma, naseAfrika.
Zombini ezi zigaba zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kweepali, zibonelela ngokudityaniswa okugqwesileyo kokudibanisa intsimi, ukuqina okuhle kobushushu obuphantsi kwiindawo zaselwandle, kunye nokuguquguquka okwaneleyo ukumelana noxinzelelo lokuqhuba ngexesha lokufakwa kweepali. Xa kuthelekiswa neeklasi zesakhiwo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-A36 okanye i-S235JR, ezi zigaba zepali zibonelela ngomthamo ophezulu kakhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ovumela ubunzulu bokuqhuba obunzulu kunye nobuninzi beepali obuncitshisiweyo.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 (Ubuninzi %) | I-EN 10248 S355GP (Ubuninzi %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| I-CE (ubuninzi) | — | 0.45 |
Qaphela: EN 10248 S355GP inemida engqongqo ngakumbi kwikhabhoni, iphosphorus, kunye nesalfure, nto leyo ebangela ukudityaniswa okungcono kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa ne-ASTM A252 GR.3. Zombini ezi ntlobo zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweenqwaba ezinobunzima obuhle bokumelana noxinzelelo oluqhubayo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Umda we-carbon equivalent (CEV) we-0.45% kwi-S355GP uqinisekisa ukudityaniswa okuhle kakhulu kwentsimi ukuze kudityaniswe iinqwaba.
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi):
| Ipropati | I-ASTM A252 GR.3 | I-EN 10248 S355GP |
| Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | I-345 MPa (50,000 psi) | I-355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-455 MPa (66,000 psi) | I-470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Ukwandiswa (umzuzu) | 20% (kwigeyiji ye-50mm) | 19% (Ixesha elide) |
| Ukuqina Kwempembelelo | Ayichazwanga ngqo | IiJoules ezingama-27 @ 0°C (ukhetho) |
*Qaphela: I-EN 10248 S355GP inika isivuno esiphantsi kunye namandla okutsalwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-ASTM A252 GR.3. Kwizicelo zaselwandle ezifuna ukuqina kwempembelelo kubushushu obuphantsi, i-EN 10248 ivumela uvavanyo lokuchaphazela olukhethiweyo kwi-0°C (ubuncinci be-27 Joules). Kwi-ASTM A252 GR.3, uvavanyo lokuchaphazela alunyanzelekanga kodwa lunokucaciswa njengemfuneko eyongezelelweyo.*
Uthelekiso lweeNqanaba zePiling Pipe:
| Ibanga | Amandla okuKhula (i-MPa) | Amandla okuThamba (MPa) | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Isiseko esilula, iinqwaba ezingaphantsi |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Umthwalo ophakathi, isiseko sokwakha |
| I-ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Umthwalo onzima, ulwandle, isiseko esinzulu |
| I-EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Ukuqokelelana okulula, ukuqokelelana kwamaphepha |
| I-EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Umthwalo ophakathi, iindonga ezigcinayo |
| I-EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Isiseko esinzima solwandle, esinzulu |
*Qaphela: Kwiiprojekthi zaselwandle ezifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokungena nzulu, i-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP ziinqanaba ezicetyiswayo. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna amandla aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-460 MPa), i-API 5L X65 okanye i-EN 10225 S460G10+M zinokuthathwa njengezinye iindlela.*
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
I-Womic Steel ibonelela ngeepayipi zokufaka intsimbi yolwandle kuzo zonke ii-spectrum ezibanzi, ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-ASTM A252, i-EN 10248, kunye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe enxulumene nayo. Zombini iinkqubo ze-ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) kunye ne-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) ziyafumaneka ukugubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lobubanzi.
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Inkqubo yoMveliso | I-ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / I-LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / I-SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | ERW: 219mm – 660mm (8" – 26”) / LSAW/SSAW: 508mm – 3,000mm (20" – 120”) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-ERW: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m, 12m, 18m / Ngokwezifiso: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60m |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo esicacileyo (PE) / Isiphelo esibekiweyo (BE) esineendandatho zentsimbi yomnikelo ongeyomfuneko |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Engenanto / Efakwe ioyile / Emnyama egqunywe nge-epoxy ye-3PE / FBE / Coal Tar |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±1.0% / WT: -0% +15% (ASTM) okanye ±10% (EN) / Ubude: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo - Umbhobho wePili yeNsimbi yaseLwandle
Umbhobho wokufaka iipayiphu ze-ERW (219mm – 660mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Iinketho zoBungqingqwa bodonga (mm) | Ubunzima (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | 6m / 12m |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Umbhobho Wokufaka Iipayiphu ze-LSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Iinketho zoBungqingqwa bodonga (mm) | Ubunzima (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1,013.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1,303.9 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1,692.0 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1,941.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3,065.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3,693.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Qaphela: Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo ngaphandle kwezi zigaba bufumaneka xa uceliwe. Ububanzi obukhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4,000mm / 160") buyafumaneka kwiiprojekthi ezikhethekileyo.
5. I-Common Piling Piling Pipes, Marine kunye ne-Foundation Standards eyenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNsimbi | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| Imigangatho yokuHlanganisa ye-ASTM | ||
| I-ASTM A252 (Iinkcukacha eziQhelekileyo zeePipe zeNsimbi eziWelded nezingenamthungo) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Iipayipu zentsimbi zesiseko esinzulu, ukufakelwa kweenqanawa |
| I-ASTM A500 (Iinkcukacha eziQhelekileyo zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeCarbon eyenziwe ngeNtlanzi edityanisiweyo nengenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Iityhubhu ezijikelezileyo/ezisikwere zesakhiwo zokufaka inqwaba kunye nokuxhasa |
| I-ASTM A501 (Iinkcukacha eziQhelekileyo zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeKhabhoni eyenziwe ngobushushu kunye nengenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Iityhubhu ezakhiwe ngendlela eshushu zokufaka iindonga |
| I-ASTM A690 (I-Standard Spec ye-High-Strength Low-Alloy Nickel-Copper-Phosphorus Steel H-Piles kunye ne-Sheet Piling) | Ibanga leMariner | Iingqimba zentsimbi ezingamelani nokugqwala emanzini olwandle |
| I-ASTM A572 (I-Standard Spec yentsimbi yolwakhiwo yeColumbium-Vanadium enamandla aphezulu) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphantsi kwe-alloy enamandla aphezulu |
| I-ASTM A588 (I-Standard Spec yentsimbi yolwakhiwo olunamandla aphezulu ene-alloy ephantsi enokumelana nokugqwala komoya) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Uphahla lwentsimbi olujikelezayo, isiseko sebhulorho |
| I-ASTM A913 (Iinkcukacha eziQhelekileyo zeeMilo zeNsimbi eziNamandla aphezulu eziLungeleleneyo neziLungeleleneyo zoMgangatho woLwakhiwo) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Ukufakwa kwentsimbi enamandla aphezulu kunye nokudityaniswa okuphuculweyo |
| I-ASTM A857 (Iinkcukacha eziQhelekileyo zokuQokelelwa kwePhepha leNtsimbi, iFold Form, iLight Gage) | — | Ukufakwa kwephepha lokukhanya elenziwe ngobandayo |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Piling Standards | ||
| I-EN 10248 (Ukufakwa kweshiti yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu - Iimeko zobuchwephesha zokuhanjiswa kweentsimbi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa) | I-S235GP, i-S275GP, i-S355GP | Ukufakwa kweshiti yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu kunye nokufakwa kwepayipi |
| I-EN 10219 (Iinxalenye ezingenanto zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ebandayo ngeenjongo zokwakha) | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Iindawo ezingenanto ezibunjiweyo ezakhiwe ngentsimbi ebandayo zokufaka iinqwaba |
| I-EN 10025 (Iimveliso eziqengqelekayo ezishushu zeentsimbi zesakhiwo - Iintsimbi zesakhiwo ezingezizo ezolwakhiwo) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Isinyithi esigoqwe ngobushushu sokwakha esisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela izinto ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa elwandle |
| I-EN 10225 (Iintsimbi zesakhiwo ezinokudityaniswa zezakhiwo ezizinzileyo ezikude nolwandle) | I-S355G8+M, i-S355G10+M, i-S420G1+QT, i-S460G1+QT | Isinyithi esenziwe ngaphandle kolwandle kunye nesakhiwo saselwandle sokufaka iintsika |
| I-EN 10348 (Intsimbi yokufaka amaphepha - Iipali zentsimbi ezingagutyungelwanga zishushu) | I-S240GP, i-S270GP, i-S320GP, i-S355GP | Iingqimba zesinyithi eziqengqelekayo ezishushu zokukhusela iindonga |
| I-DIN 2458 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kunye neziXhobo - Iimeko zoBugcisa ngokubanzi - zithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10219) | I-St37.0, I-St44.0, I-St52.0 | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zaseJamani ezisemgangathweni wokufaka iipali |
| I-DIN 17100 (Intsimbi yeenjongo zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi - ithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10025) | ISt37-2, ISt44-2, ISt52-3 | Isinyithi esisemgangathweni saseJamani sokwakha iipali |
| I-BS 1387 (Iinkcukacha zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezifakwe izikrufu nezinesokhethi kunye neetyhubhu - zithathelwe indawo yi-EN 10255) | Iklasi A, Iklasi B, Iklasi C | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezisemgangathweni zaseBritane zokufaka iimfumba kunye ne-scaffolding |
| I-BS 4360 (Iinkcukacha zeentsimbi zesakhiwo ezidityaniswayo - zithatyathelwe indawo yi-EN 10025) | Ibanga 43A, 43B, 50B | Isinyithi esisemgangathweni saseBritane sokwakha iipali (sembali) |
| NF A49-311 | E24, E36 | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezihlanganisiweyo ezisemgangathweni zaseFransi zokufaka iipali |
| Imigangatho yokuHlanganisa ye-API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA | ||
| I-API 5L (Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho woMgca) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Umbhobho womgca osetyenziswa njengeenqwaba (uxhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle) |
| I-API 2B (Iinkcukacha zokwenziwa kombhobho wentsimbi yesakhiwo kwizicelo zaselwandle) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Ukufakwa kwemibhobho yentsimbi yolwakhiwo lwangaphandle |
| I-JIS A5525 (Iinqwaba zeMibhobho yeNsimbi) | SKK490, SKK540 | Iipayipu zentsimbi zezakhiwo zezibuko kunye nezolwandle |
| I-JIS A5528 (Iinqwaba zeSheet zeTubular zeNtsimbi) | SY295, SY390 | Iingqimba zesinyithi zetyhubhu zentsimbi zokwakha izibuko |
| I-JIS A5526 (Iinqwaba zePhepha leNtsimbi) | SYW295, SYW390 | Ukufakwa kweshiti yentsimbi eqengqelekayo eshushu |
| I-JIS G3444 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni zeenjongo zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Iityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni zokufaka iipali zesakhiwo |
| I-JIS G3136 (Iintsimbi eziqengqelekayo zeSakhiwo seSakhiwo) | SN400, SN490 | Intsimbi yokwakha iziseko |
| I-KS D 3566 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni zeenjongo zolwakhiwo ngokubanzi - umgangatho waseKorea) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Iityhubhu zesakhiwo ezisemgangathweni zaseKorea zokufaka iipali |
| I-KS D 3862 (Iingqumba zeMibhobho yeNsimbi - umgangatho waseKorea) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Iipayipu zentsimbi ezisemgangathweni zaseKorea zezakhiwo zezibuko |
| AS 1163 (Iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingenanto zesakhiwo - umgangatho wase-Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Amacandelo asemgangathweni ase-Australia angenanto alungelelanisiweyo okwakha iinqwaba |
| AS 1074 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi kunye neetyhubhu zenkonzo eqhelekileyo - umgangatho wase-Australia) | — | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezisemgangathweni zase-Australia zokufaka iipali ngokubanzi |
| I-CSA G40.21 (Intsimbi yoMgangatho weSakhiwo - umgangatho waseKhanada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Isinyithi esisemgangathweni saseKhanada sokwakha iipali |
| I-NORSOK / DNV / ISO Piling Standards | ||
| I-NORSOK Y15 (Izakhiwo zeNsimbi zangaphandle kolwandle - Iimfuno zezinto eziphathekayo) | S355, S420, S460 | Umgangatho waseNorway wezakhiwo zentsimbi zaselwandle |
| I-NORSOK M-650 (Iimfanelo zabavelisi bezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwelizwe) | Onke amabanga | Isiqinisekiso sokubonelela ngezinto ezisetyenziswa kude nolwandle |
| I-DNV-OS-B101 (Izinto zesinyithi zezakhiwo zaselwandle) | S355, S420, S460 | Umgangatho we-DNV wokufaka inqwaba yentsimbi elwandle |
| I-DNV-OS-C201 (Uyilo lweSakhiwo seeYunithi zase-Offshore - Iimfuno zeMpahla) | S355, S420, S460 | Umgangatho we-DNV wokufaka iipali zolwakhiwo olukude nolwandle |
| I-ISO 630 (Iintsimbi zoLwakhiwo - Iipleyiti, iiflethi ezibanzi, iibhari, iindawo ezithile) | I-Fe360, i-Fe430, i-Fe510 | Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wokufakwa kweentsimbi ezakhiweyo |
| I-ISO 3183 (Imizi-mveliso yepetroli negesi yendalo - Imibhobho yentsimbi yeenkqubo zothutho lwemibhobho) | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | I-ISO elingana ne-API 5L yokufaka imibhobho yomgca |
| Eminye iMigangatho yeHlabathi yokuHlanganisa | ||
| I-GOST 10706 (Iipayipi zeNsimbi eziWeldingweyo zeMibhobho kunye neZakhiwo - umgangatho waseRashiya) | ISt20, Ist35, Ist45 | Imibhobho yentsimbi edibeneyo yaseRashiya esemgangathweni yokuhlanganisa |
| I-GOST 20295 (Iipayipi zeNsimbi eziWeldiweyo zeepayipi eziphambili zegesi neoyile - umgangatho waseRashiya) | K38, K52, K60 | Umbhobho womgca oqhelekileyo waseRashiya osetyenziswa njengeepali |
| I-NBR 8261 (Iinqwaba zentsimbi zokwakha izakhiwo - umgangatho waseBrazil) | — | Imibhobho yokufaka intsimbi esemgangathweni yaseBrazil |
| IRAM 688 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zeenjongo zolwakhiwo - umgangatho waseArgentina) | F24, F36 | Iityhubhu zesakhiwo ezisemgangathweni zaseArgentina zokufaka iipali |
| I-SANS 657 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zeenjongo zolwakhiwo - umgangatho waseMzantsi Afrika) | — | Iityhubhu ezisemgangathweni zaseMzantsi Afrika zokufaka iipali |
Ukusetyenziswa:Ukufakwa kweziseko ezinzulu, ukufakwa kweziseko zolwandle, isiseko seqonga lolwandle, ukwakhiwa kwezibuko kunye neenqanawa, isiseko sebhulorho, ukhuseleko lonxweme, ukhuselo lwamanzi amdaka, inkqubo yefender, inqwaba yejakethi, ukwakhiwa kwezibuko kunye neechweba, ukulungiswa komhlaba, uqeqesho lomlambo, ubunjineli beetonela, ukwakhiwa kwezibuko zamanzi anzulu, isiseko sokulungiswa kwenyikima, iindonga zokugcina, ii-cofferdams, iziseko ze-caisson, iziseko ze-wind turbine yolwandle, iziseko zetyhubhu engaphantsi komhlaba, iindonga zokufaka isheet
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso - Inqwaba yeMbhobho yeNsimbi ye-ERW kunye ne-LSAW
Inkqubo ye-ERW (yokuWelda ngokuxhathisa umbane) yePipe yokuHlanganisa (219mm – 660mm OD):
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza (iKhoyili):Iikhoyili zentsimbi ezingenayo ezigoqwe ngobushushu ziqinisekisiwe ukuba zenziwe ngamakhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu ngokuchasene ne-ASTM A252, EN 10248, okanye iinkcukacha zabathengi. Ikhoyili nganye inikwe inombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo kwezinto kuyo yonke imveliso.
Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa:Iikhoyili zentsimbi zifakwa kwi-uncoiler kwaye zifakwe ngomatshini wokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zithe tyaba umcu, zisuse iseti yeekhoyili kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba zithe tyaba ngokulinganayo ukuze zenziwe ngokufanayo.
Ukusila kunye nokuSika imiphetho:Zombini imiphetho emide yomcu wentsimbi iyasilwa kwaye inqunyulwe ukuze ifikelele kububanzi obuchanekileyo (± 0.5mm). Ukulungiswa komphetho kudala umphezulu ococekileyo, ohambelanayo obalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwe-weld esemgangathweni ophezulu.
Ukwakheka (Ukwakheka Okubandayo):Umcu olinganisiweyo udlula kuthotho oluqhubekayo lweemiqulu ezakhayo (ukuqhekeka, ukugqitha ecaleni, kunye namacandelo okugqitha amaphiko) ezenza kancinci kancinci umcu othe tyaba ube yimo evulekileyo ye-cylindrical (igobolondo letyhubhu) kunye nemiphetho elungiselelwe ukuwelda.
Ukuwelda Okuphindaphindwayo (HFW / ERW):Ityhubhu eyenziweyo idlula kwiikhoyili zokungenisa eziphindaphindwayo okanye kwizihlangu zoqhagamshelwano. Umbane ophindaphindwayo (ngesiqhelo yi-200-500 kHz) ufudumeza imiphetho yokudibana ukuya kubushushu bokubumba (malunga ne-1,350-1,500°C). Ukubumba okuqinileyo kwenzeka njengoko imiphetho efudumeleyo icinezelwa kunye ngeeroli ezicinezelweyo, kudala ukubumba okufakelweyo ngaphandle kwezinto ezongeziweyo zokuzalisa.
Ukususwa kweeBead zeWeld (Ngaphakathi nangaphandle):I-flash yangaphakathi neyangaphandle (isinyithi esigqithisileyo) isuswa ngezixhobo ze-carbide (iiblade zesikhafu) ngelixa indawo yokusila isashushu, ivelisa iprofayili yomphezulu ogudileyo kunye nokuqina okuncinci kokusila.
Ubungakanani kunye nokuBumba:Ityhubhu edibeneyo idlula kuthotho lwee-rolls zokulinganisa ukuze kufezekiswe ukunyamezelana okuchanekileyo kokugqibela kobubanzi bangaphandle (ngesiqhelo ukusuka ku-±0.5% ukuya ku-±1.0% kuxhomekeke kumgangatho).
Unyango lobushushu (Ukhetho):Kwizicelo ezifuna ukuguquguquka okuphezulu okanye ukukhululeka koxinzelelo, indawo yokuwelda (okanye ityhubhu yonke) ingaphathwa ngobushushu ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komgca. Ukulungiswa kwi-890-930°C kuvelisa isakhiwo se-ferrite-pearlite esifanayo.
Ukusika Ubude:Umbhobho oqhubekayo unqunyulwa ube nobude obuchaziweyo kusetyenziswa iisarha ezisikiweyo ezibhabhayo (ukusika okubandayo) ngolawulo lobude obuchanekileyo (±3mm kubude obuqhelekileyo, +50mm -0mm kwiinkcukacha zokufaka inqwaba).
Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo (NDT):
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic oluyi-100% (UT):Inkqubo ye-UT ezenzekelayo ihlola wonke umthungo we-weld kunye nomzimba wepayipi epheleleyo ukuze ibone ukuba kukho ii-laminations, izinto ezifakiweyo, kunye nokungabikho kokudibana.
Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET):Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komgangatho we-weld kwi-intanethi ngexesha lokuvelisa.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (Ukhetho):Ifumaneka xa umthengi ecela izicelo ezibalulekileyo zokufaka iipali ezifuna ukuqinisekiswa kobunyani boxinzelelo.
Ukugqiba Ukugqiba:Iziphelo ezingenanto (ezisikwele) okanye iziphelo ezibhityiweyo (i-angle ye-bevel engama-30°-35°) ngokweemfuno zomthengi. Iindandatho zentsimbi ezincamathelayo zinokudityaniswa kwiiphelo zepayipi ukuze kukhuselwe ngakumbi ngexesha lokuqhuba iipali.
Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokumakishwa:Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo kweziphene zomphezulu, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuthe tye), kunye nophawu olusisigxina ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo (kubandakanya inqanaba, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, ukuchongwa komenzi).
Inkqubo ye-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) yePipe yokuQokelela (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza (Ipleyiti):Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezingenayo ziyaqinisekiswa ukuba zenziwe ngamakhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, umgangatho womphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu ngokuchasene ne-ASTM A252, EN 10248, okanye iinkcukacha zomthengi. Ipleyiti nganye inikwe inombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo ukuze ilandelelwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ukulungiswa komphetho wepleyiti (Ukuhombisa):Imiphetho emide yepleyiti yentsimbi iyabhijelwa (ngesiqhelo i-V enye okanye i-V ephindwe kabini) kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokugaya imiphetho ukwenza i-geometry efanelekileyo yokuwelda i-arc engaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukugoba ipleyiti (Ukwenza):Ipleyiti elungisiweyo yenziwe ibe yimo evulekileyo ye-cylindrical kusetyenziswa i-plate bending press (i-JCO forming, i-UO forming, okanye inkqubo yokugoba ye-3-roll / 4-roll kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zobubanzi kunye nobukhulu).
Ukuwelda ngeeTack:Umthungo ovulekileyo udityaniswe nge-tack ngamaxesha athile ukuze kugcinwe imo ye-cylindrical ngexesha lenkqubo ephambili yokudityanisa.
Ukuwelda kwe-Arc efakwe ngaphakathi emanzini (i-SAW):Umthungo wangaphakathi we-longitudinal welded usebenzisa izixhobo zokuwelda ze-arc eziphantsi komhlaba ezizenzekelayo kunye nomxube ofanelekileyo we-flux kunye nocingo (ngesiqhelo i-pass enye okanye ezingaphezulu zixhomekeke kubukhulu bodonga).
Ukuwelda kwe-Arc engaphantsi kwamanzi (i-SAW) yangaphandle:Umthungo wangaphandle we-longitudinal welded usebenzisa izixhobo zokuwelda ze-arc eziphantsi komhlaba ezizenzekelayo, ugqibezela ukuwelda okupheleleyo kokungena.
Ukwandisa (Ukhetho):Umbhobho odibeneyo unokwandiswa ngoomatshini (ngesiqhelo ukwandiswa nge-0.3-1.5%) ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu (ubungqindilili kunye nokuthe tye) kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lwe-welding.
Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo (NDT):
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic oluyi-100% (UT):Inkqubo ye-UT ezenzekelayo ihlola yonke i-weld seam (yangaphakathi neyangaphandle) kunye nomzimba wephayiphi epheleleyo ukuze ibone ukuba kukho ii-laminations, izinto ezifakiweyo, ukungabikho kwe-fusion, kunye nezinye izinto ezingahambelaniyo.
Uvavanyo lweRadiographic (RT):Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okanye i-gamma-ray yomthungo we-weld (indawo okanye ubude obupheleleyo njengoko kuchaziwe) ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld kunye nokungena kwayo.
Uhlolo lweeNgcawu zeMagnetic (MPI):Ukuhlolwa kweenzwane ze-weld kunye nendawo echaphazeleka bubushushu ukuze kujongwe imifantu yomphezulu kunye nokungaqhubeki kwawo.
Ukugqiba Ukugqiba:Iziphelo ezingenanto (ezisikwele) okanye iziphelo ezibhityiweyo (i-angle ye-bevel engama-30°-35° ene-1.6mm ± 0.8mm yokufika) ngokweemfuno zomthengi. Iindandatho zentsimbi ezizincamathelisileyo zinokudityaniswa kwiiphelo zepayipi ukuze kukhuselwe ukuqhuba iipali.
Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokumakishwa:Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo kweziphene zomphezulu, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuthe tye, ukujikeleza), kunye nophawu olusisigxina ngokomgangatho ofanelekileyo.
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwePipe yokuQokelela
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemida yokwakheka kwe-ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Qinisekisa amandla okuvelisa, amandla okutsalwa, ubude |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (Ipleyiti/Ikhoyili) | Chonga ii-laminations zangaphakathi kunye neziphene |
| Inkqubo Eqhubekayo (ERW) | Uhlolo lweMilinganiselo (iiMicrometer, iiCalipers) | Jonga i-OD, i-WT ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani |
| Inkqubo Eqhubekayo (LSAW) | Ukuhlolwa koLungiso lweMida | Qinisekisa i-bevel angle, indawo yokufika, kunye nemeko yomphezulu |
| Indawo yokuWelda (ERW) | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Kwi-intanethi | Fumanisa ukungaqhubeki kwe-weld, ukungabikho kokudibana |
| Indawo yokuWelda (LSAW) | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Oluzenzekelayo | Ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo komthungo we-weld ukuze kujongwe iziphene zangaphakathi/zangaphandle |
| Indawo yokuWelda (LSAW) | Uvavanyo lweRadiographic (RT) | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld, i-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-slag |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uhlolo lweeNgcawu zeMagnetic (MPI) | Ukufunyanwa kweentanda zomphezulu (ukuwelda kunye neHAZ) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lweMilinganiselo | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuthe tye, ukujikeleza |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (Ukhetho) | Qinisekisa ukuthembeka koxinzelelo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Bend olukhokelwayo | Qinisekisa ukuba i-weld ductility kunye ne-vintage |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lokuTyatya (i-ERW kuphela) | Qinisekisa ukuba umzimba wombhobho uqinile kwaye uqinile |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch Impact (Ukhetho) | Qinisekisa ukuba ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kusetyenziso lwaselwandle |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni (Ukhetho) | Qinisekisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu bokudityaniswa |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukuhlolwa koMphezulu nokubonakalayo | Jonga iziphene zomphezulu, ii-laminations, kunye nemingxunya |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukuqinisekiswa kokumakisha | Qinisekisa ukuba uphawu olusisigxina luphawulwa ngokwemigangatho |
Uvavanyo oluKhethekileyo lwezicelo ezibalulekileyo zaseLwandle naseLwandle:
● Uvavanyo lwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) lokujonga ukuba i-fracture iqine kangakanani
● Uvavanyo lwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Uvavanyo lwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177
● Uvavanyo loBulukhuni (HV10 okanye HRC) ukuze kufunyanwe isiqinisekiso senkonzo emuncu
Amaxwebhu oMgangatho:
● Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (ukuwelda kunye nomzimba)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweRadiographic (ukuba ichaziwe)
● Ingxelo yoHlolo lweeDimensional
● Ukulandelela ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo
8. Izicelo eziphambili - Umbhobho wokufaka iintsimbi zaselwandle
I-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP imibhobho yokufaka intsimbi yaselwandle zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwisiseko esinzulu, ukwakhiwa kolwandle, kunye neeprojekthi zobunjineli bezakhiwo ezinzima:
Ukuqokelela isiseko esinzulu:Iinqwaba ezithwala umthwalo zezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iibhulorho, izakhiwo zoshishino, kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima ezifuna inkxaso yesiseko esinzulu. Amandla aphezulu e-GR.3 kunye ne-S355GP avumela ubunzulu bokuqhuba obunzulu kunye nomthamo ophezulu womthwalo.
Isiseko sePlatform yoLwandle kunye ne-Offshore:Iinqwaba zeziseko zeendawo zeoyile negesi ezikude nolwandle, izixhobo zokumba, iindawo zokuvelisa, kunye neziseko ze-wind turbine ezikude nolwandle. Ukufakwa kweenqwaba zeenqwelo-moya emanzini kufuneka kumelane nentshukumo yamaza, amandla angoku, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwamanzi olwandle arhabaxa.
Ukwakhiwa kweZikhumbi, iiDokhi kunye neeZibuko:Ukufaka inqwaba yee-terminals zeekhonteyina, iindawo zokuthutha imithwalo emikhulu, ii-terminals zabakhweli, izibonelelo zeRo-Ro, kunye neendawo zokuthutha imithwalo ngokubanzi. Ii-piles zibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo sezakhiwo zeedekhi, iidolphin ezibophayo, kunye needolphin ezincancisayo.
Isiseko seBridge kunye nePier:Iingqumba zesiseko ezinzulu zeengcango zeebhulorho, ii-abutments, kunye neziseko zenqaba zeebhulorho ezihlala kwiintambo kunye neebhulorho ezixhonyiweyo. Iingqumba zidlulisela imithwalo yesakhiwo kwii-strata ezifanelekileyo zokuthwala.
Ukhuseleko loNxweme kunye nodonga lolwandle:Ukubeka iindonga zolwandle, iindawo zokubeka udonga olungaselunxwemeni, ukhuseleko lonxweme, kunye nolawulo lokukhukuliseka. Iipayipu zentsimbi zibonelela ngenkxaso eqinileyo yesakhiwo seeyunithi zezixhobo kunye nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Ukwakhiwa kweBreakwater kunye neJetty:Ukuqokelela iziseko zamanzi aqhekezayo kwinduli yenkunkuma, iindawo zokukhusela amanzi ezithe nkqo eludongeni, iijethi, kunye neegroynes. Iingqumba zibonelela ngozinzo lwesiseko sezakhiwo ezichitha amaza.
Inkxaso yeNkqubo yeFender:Iingqumba zokuxhasa iinkqubo zokubopha iinqanawa zaselwandle kwiindawo zokubeka iinqanawa kunye nezakhiwo zokubeka iinqanawa. Iingqumba zifunxa amandla okubeka iinqanawa kwaye zikhusela inqanawa kunye nesakhiwo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokubopha.
Inqwaba yeJacket yePlatform yeoyile negesi:Ukuqokelela izakhiwo zejakethi ezixhasa amaqonga okuvelisa ioyile negesi. Iingqumba ezinkulu, ezinobukhulu obude, ziqhutywa ngemilenze yejakethi kwaye zifakwe umgubo endaweni yazo.
Ukubuyiselwa Komhlaba Nokubuyiselwa Kodonga Lolwandle:Ukuqokelela izakhiwo zokukhusela indawo yokubuyiselwa komhlaba, iindonga zolwandle ezijikeleze ulwandle, kunye nee-bunds zokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Iinqwaba zibonelela ngobuchule besakhiwo kwiiprojekthi zokwandisa umhlaba.
Uqeqesho lweMilambo kunye noLawulo lweZikhukula:Ukufaka iinqwaba zokukhusela unxweme lomlambo, ulwalathiso lweendonga, izikhonkwane, kunye nezakhiwo zokulawula izikhukula. Iinqwaba zemibhobho yentsimbi ziqinisa unxweme lomlambo kwaye zikhusela ekukhukulisekeni nasekukhukulisekeni.
Ubunjineli beTunnel kunye nokuSika nokuGquma:Ukufaka iintsika zeziseko zemijelo ezisikiweyo nezigqunyiweyo, iindonga zeenqwaba ezifihlakeleyo, kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso yesango lemijelo. Iinqwaba zibonelela ngenkxaso ethe nkqo neyasecaleni kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba.
Isiseko seSeismic Retrofit:Ukuqokelela izinto zokulungisa izakhiwo ezikhoyo, kuquka iziseko zeebhulorho, iziseko zezakhiwo, kunye nezakhiwo zezibuko ezifuna ukumelana nenyikima okuphuculweyo.
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa - Umbhobho wokuHlanganisa iNsimbi yaseLwandle
Iipayipi zokufaka intsimbi yolwandle ze-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP ziyapakishwa kwaye zithunyelwa ngononophelo olukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo ngexesha lokuhamba. Nantsi inkcazo yenkqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela iipayipi zokufaka inqwaba ezinobukhulu obukhulu:
Ukupakisha:
Ukwaleka okuKhuselekileyo:Ngaphambi kokupakishwa, imibhobho inokugqunywa ngomaleko omncinci weoyile yokulwa nomhlwa okanye ivanishi yokukhusela ukuthintela ukugqwala komphezulu kunye ne-oxidation ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokuhamba. Ukugqitywa okungenanto kukwafumaneka ukuze kusetyenziswe ukugquma kwangoko kwindawo oya kuyo okanye kwiindawo zaselwandle apho kuchazwe khona imvume yokugqwala.
Ukubopha (Ububanzi obuncinci):Kwimibhobho emincinci enobubanzi (ngesiqhelo ingaphantsi kwe-610mm / 24"), imibhobho ihlanganiswa ndawonye ibe ziibhanti eziziihexagonal okanye eziziingxande. Ziqiniswe kusetyenziswa iibhanti zentsimbi (ngesiqhelo iibhanti ezi-3-5 ngebhanti nganye enezikhuselo zeekona) ukuthintela intshukumo ngaphakathi kwibhanti.
Ukunqwabelana Ngamnye (Ububanzi Obukhulu):Kwimibhobho emikhulu enobubanzi (ngaphezulu kwe-610mm / 24"), imibhobho idla ngokuphathwa kwaye ithunyelwe nganye nganye ngenxa yobunzima kunye nemida yobukhulu. I-dunnage yomthi okanye i-rubber padding ebekwe phakathi kweengqimba zemibhobho ithintela ukukrazuka kunye nomonakalo we-coating.
Iintloko zokuphela:Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki okanye zentsimbi zibekwe kuzo zombini iziphelo zombhobho ngamnye (okanye iplastiki esongayo kwiziphelo ezigobileyo) ukukhusela iziphelo ezigobileyo, iziphelo ezingenanto, kunye noqhagamshelo olunemisonto kumonakalo obangelwe yimpembelelo, ukungena kwenkunkuma, kunye nokufuma.
Iindandatho zentsimbi ezizincamayo (Ungazikhethela):Kwimibhobho yokufaka imibhobho efuna ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo ngexesha lokuqhuba imibhobho, imibhobho yentsimbi eyomeleleyo (ngokuvamile ububanzi obuyi-50-100mm, ubukhulu obuyi-6-12mm) idityaniswa kwisiphelo sokuqhuba sombhobho ngamnye. Ezi rings zifunxa impembelelo yesando sokuqhuba kwaye zikhusela isiphelo sombhobho ekuguquguqukeni.
Ukugquma kunye nokugquma:Kwiiodolo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izinto zokugquma ezifana neeringi zefoam, imicu yerabha, okanye i-dunnage yomthi zisetyenziswa phakathi kweengqimba zemibhobho ukuthintela ukurhawuzelelwa, umonakalo wengubo, kunye nomonakalo obangelwa kukuphathwa nokuthuthwa.
Iindawo zokuphakamisa:Iingxowa zokuphakamisa okanye iindawo zokuphakamisa ezikhethiweyo zingongezwa kwiipayipi ezinzima (ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 kg ngombhobho ngamnye) ukuze kube lula ukuthulula impahla kwindawo ekhutshelwa kuyo kusetyenziswa i-crane okanye i-forklift.
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
Indlela Yothutho:Iipayipi zithunyelwa ngeenqanawa zesikhongozeli (izikhongozeli ezingama-20ft okanye ezingama-40ft kwiidayimitha ezincinci), iithwali ezinkulu (ziqhekeza inqwaba kwiidayimitha ezinkulu kunye needayimitha ezinkulu), okanye imithwalo kaloliwe, kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo, ubungakanani beodolo, kunye nokungxamiseka kokuhanjiswa. Iinqanawa zemithwalo yeprojekthi zingasetyenziselwa iipayipi ezinkulu kakhulu okanye ezinde kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina (Ububanzi obuncinci):Kwimibhobho emincinci enobubanzi (ngesiqhelo ingaphantsi kwe-508mm / 20"), imibhobho ifakwa kwiikhonteyina zokuhambisa eziqhelekileyo ezingama-20ft okanye ezingama-40ft ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi zikhuselekile kwaye zihlelekile. Ukulayisha kwikhonteyina kukhusela imithwalo kwiimeko zemozulu, ukufuma, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo zangaphandle. Umthwalo ophezulu kwikhonteyina uhlala kwiitoni ezingama-20-25 kwikhonteyina nganye engama-20ft.
Ukulayisha iinqanawa ezinkulu (Ububanzi obukhulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu):Kwiiodolo ezinkulu (ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-500) okanye iipayipi ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-508mm / 20"), iipayipi zilayishwa ngqo kwiinqwelo ezinkulu okanye kwiinqanawa ezifakelwe iigiya. Iibhari zokuphakamisa kunye neebhari zokusasaza zithintela umonakalo ngexesha lokulayisha. Ukufaka inkunkuma, ukubethelela, kunye nokubopha iitsheyini kusetyenziswa ukuthintela ukufuduka kwempahla ngexesha lokuhamba elwandle. Le ndlela yeyona ingabizi kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokufaka imithwalo enzima elwandle.
Izikhongozeli zeRakhi eSicaba okanye eziVulekileyo eziphezulu (ezinobude obungaphezulu/ezingaphezulu):Kwimibhobho edlula ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo besikhongozeli (ubude >12m okanye ububanzi >2.3m), izikhongozeli zerack ezisicaba okanye izikhongozeli eziphezulu ezivulekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ubungakanani obukhulu. Ezi zikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zivumela ukuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwemithwalo emikhulu.
Ukubhala iilebheli kunye noxwebhu:Iphakheji nganye okanye umbhobho ngamnye ubhalwe ngokucacileyo ngolwazi olubalulekileyo oluquka umgangatho wezinto, umgangatho, ubukhulu, inombolo yobushushu, inombolo yephakheji/umbhobho, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Amaxwebhu apheleleyo okuhambisa alungiselelwe ukususwa kwempahla kunye nokulandelwa kwemithwalo.
Ukuthobela iMithetho yezeMali:Kwimpahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko erhafu—kuquka i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, iSatifikethi seMvelaphi (ukuba siyafuneka), iZatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill, kunye nazo naziphi na iimvume zokungenisa ezifunekayo—zilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba impahla ingena kakuhle kwizibuko eliya kulo.
Ukubopha Okukhuselekileyo:Ngaphakathi kwisithuthi sokuthutha okanye kwisikhongozeli, iipayiphu kunye neepayiphu nganye nganye zibotshelelwe kwaye ziqiniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kusetyenziswa intambo yentsimbi (enezikhuseli zeekona), iingxowa ze-dunnage, i-bracing yamaplanga, okanye i-chain lashings ukuthintela ukushukuma, ukuqengqeleka, okanye intshukumo enokubangela umonakalo ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukulandelela kunye nokuBeka esweni:Iinkqubo zokulandelela izinto eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yokuthunyelwa kunye nokubonelela ngohlaziyo lwendawo ngexesha langempela kubathengi. Iinombolo zokulandelela iikhonteyina zibonelelwa kuzo zonke iikhonteyina ezithunyelwayo. Ukulandelela iinqanawa kuyafumaneka ukuze kuthunyelwe ngobuninzi.
I-inshurensi:Ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso le-odolo kunye neemfuno zabathengi, i-inshurensi yempahla yaselwandle (Yonke Ingozi okanye i-Avareji yokhuseleko) ingalungiselelwa ukugubungela ilahleko okanye umonakalo onokubakho ngexesha lokuhamba. Kwiiprojekthi zokufaka iipali zaselwandle ezinexabiso eliphezulu, i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo yokulungisa nokufaka ingacetyiswa.
Ucwangciso lokuLinda iZinto eziNzima:Kwimibhobho enzima kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 kg ngombhobho ngamnye), kucetyiswa ukulungelelaniswa kwangaphambili nezibuko lendawo ekuyiwa kuyo kwizixhobo zokuphatha izinto ezisindayo (iikhreyini ezinomthamo owaneleyo, iibhari zokusasaza ezikhethekileyo). I-Womic Steel inika iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zemithwalo kuquka ubunzima bombhobho ngamnye kunye nobukhulu bocwangciso lweprojekthi.
Ngamafutshane, iWomic Steel iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iipayipi zokufaka intsimbi yaselwandle ze-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP zipakishwe ngamanyathelo okukhusela aphambili kushishino kwaye zithunyelwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zothutho ezithembekileyo ukuze zifike kwindawo eziya kuyo zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha kunye nokuthumela zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ezihanjiswayo, ingakumbi kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo zesiseko solwandle.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ - Umbhobho wokuHlanganisa iNsimbi yaseLwandle
Kutheni Usebenzisana neWomic Steel kwiMarine Piling Pipe?
Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweeNkqubo kunye nobukhulu:Zombini iinkqubo ze-ERW (219mm-660mm OD) kunye ne-LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) ziyafumaneka phantsi kophahla olunye, nto leyo ephelisa imfuneko yababoneleli abaninzi. Ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50.8mm kwaye ubude bufikelela kwi-60m bufumaneka kwiiprojekthi zesiseko esinzulu.
Ubuchule obuMgangatho oBini:Ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho ye-ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) kunye ne-EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), kunye nemigangatho eyongezelelweyo (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, njl.njl.). Umthengisi omnye weemfuno ezininzi zemarike.
Ukugxila kwiMarine nakwi-Offshore:Amava akhethekileyo kwizicelo zokufaka iipali zaselwandle naphesheya kolwandle kuquka ukwakhiwa kwamazibuko, amaqonga aphesheya kolwandle, iziseko zeebhulorho, kunye neeprojekthi zokukhusela unxweme. Ukuqonda iimfuno zokukhusela ukugqwala kolwandle kunye noxinzelelo lokuqhuba.
Iindandatho zentsimbi ezizincamayo:Ukuwelda ngaphakathi kwendlu kwezangqa zentsimbi eziziincasa ukuya kwiziphelo zokuqhuba iipayipi ukuze kukhuselwe ngakumbi ngexesha lokusebenza kweenqwaba, kuncitshiswe ukuguquguquka kweephelo zeepayipi kunye nokulibaziseka kokufakwa kwazo.
Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo ngexabiso:Ukugquma kwesiphelo (30°-35°), ukusika isiphelo esicacileyo, ugquma olukhuselayo (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), kunye nokusonga okuchasene nokugqwala kuyafumaneka ngaphakathi okanye ngezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zamaqabane.
Ubude obude:Ubude obude obufikelela kwi-60m kwiprojekthi zesiseko esinzulu, nto leyo enciphisa iimfuno zokudibanisa intsimi kunye nexesha lokufakela. Ubude obulungiselelweyo bufumaneka ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo kwiindidi ezisemgangathweni.
Ukhuphiswano lwezothutho:Intsebenziswano enobuchule kunye nabathuthi bempahla kwihlabathi liphela kunye neengcali zemithwalo yeprojekthi iqinisekisa ukulayisha okungcono (isikhongozeli, iqhekeza elikhulu, okanye inqanawa yeprojekthi) kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela okungabizi kakhulu kwiipayipi ezinkulu nezinkulu.
Amaxwebhu apheleleyo:Izatifikethi zoVavanyo oluGcweleyo lweMill (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2), iingxelo ze-NDT (UT, RT), iingxelo ezinomlinganiselo, kunye namaxwebhu okulandelelwa anikezelwa kuyo yonke imithwalo ethunyelweyo. Uhlolo lomntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) luqhutywa xa luceliwe.
Khetha iWomic Steel Group njengeqabane lakho elithembekileyo kwiipayipi zokufaka intsimbi yaselwandle ze-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo kwiiprojekthi zaselwandle, zaselwandle, kunye nezesiseko esinzulu kwihlabathi liphela. Wamkelekile ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Umnxeba/i-WhatsApp/i-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo) - Umbhobho Wokufaka Iintsimbi Zaselwandle
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ASTM A252 GR.3 kunye ne-EN 10248 S355GP yokufakela iimfumba zaselwandle?
A: I-ASTM A252 GR.3 (umgangatho waseMelika) inamandla okuvelisa ubuncinane angama-345 MPa (50,000 psi), ngelixa i-EN 10248 S355GP (umgangatho waseYurophu) inamandla okuvelisa ubuncinane angama-355 MPa (51,500 psi). I-EN 10248 S355GP ikwanayo nemida engqongqo kancinci yokwakheka kweekhemikhali (i-C, P, S esezantsi) kunye neemfuno zovavanyo lwempembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi. Zombini zifanelekile kwizicelo zokufaka iipile zaselwandle. Ukhetho luhlala luxhomekeke kwiinkcazo zeprojekthi kunye nokukhethwa komgangatho wengingqi. Kwiiprojekthi zaseMelika naseAsia ezilandela imigangatho ye-API/ASTM, i-GR.3 iyakhethwa. Kwiiprojekthi zaseYurophu, eMbindi Mpuma, naseAfrika, i-S355GP idla ngokuchazwa.
Q: Yeyiphi inkqubo yokuvelisa endifanele ndiyikhethe kwiprojekthi yam yokuhambisa iipayipi - i-ERW okanye i-LSAW?
A: Kwiidayamitha zangaphandle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-660mm (ii-intshi ezingama-26), i-ERW ngokubanzi ixabisa kancinci kwaye inika amaxesha okukhokela emveliso akhawulezayo. Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-508mm ukuya kwi-3,000mm (ii-intshi ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-120), i-LSAW iyafuneka njengoko itekhnoloji ye-ERW ingenakukwazi ukuvelisa ezi dayamitha zikhulu. Kwiidayamitha ezingaphezulu kwe-3,000mm (ii-intshi ezili-120), i-SSAW (i-spiral welded) ingaqwalaselwa. Iimfuneko zobukhulu bodonga nazo zichaphazela ukukhethwa kwenkqubo - i-LSAW inokufikelela kwiindonga ezityebileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50.8mm) xa kuthelekiswa ne-ERW (ngesiqhelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25.4mm). I-Womic Steel inokucebisa ngenkqubo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi.
Q: Yintoni indandatho yentsimbi yomnikelo kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe nini?
A: Indandatho yentsimbi yomnikelo yinxalenye emfutshane yentsimbi (ngokuvamile ububanzi obuyi-50-100mm, ubukhulu obuyi-6-12mm, umbhobho ohambelanayo OD) odityaniswe kwisiphelo sokuqhuba sombhobho wokufaka inqwaba. Ifunxa amandla okubetha avela kwisando sokuqhuba inqwaba, ikhusela isiphelo sombhobho ekuguquguqukeni, ekubhaqweni, okanye ekuqhekekeni. Iindandatho zomnikelo ziyacetyiswa kwezi:
● Iimeko zokuqhuba nzima (isanti exineneyo, ilitye elirhabaxa, iindawo ezinamatye)
● Iihamile eziqhuba iimfumba ezinzima (impembelelo enamandla aphezulu)
● Iipayipi eziludonga olubhityileyo (umlinganiselo wobubanzi ukuya kubukhulu > 50)
● Iiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo apho umonakalo wesiphelo semibhobho unokubangela ukulibaziseka kweshedyuli
● Imibhobho efuna ukuqina kwamanzi emva kokuqhuba
Q: Ziziphi iindlela zobude ezikhoyo zombhobho wokufaka iindonga zaselwandle? Ngaba ungabonelela ngobude obude kakhulu ukunciphisa ukudityaniswa kwentsimi?
A: Ubude obuqhelekileyo yi-6m, 12m, kunye ne-18m. Kwiiprojekthi zesiseko esinzulu kunye nezolwandle, sinikezela ngobude obulungiselelweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60m (iinyawo ezingama-200) ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi kunye nobukhulu bodonga. Ubude obude kakhulu bubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo: inani elinciphileyo lee-slices zentsimi (ixabiso eliphantsi lokufakela, ishedyuli ekhawulezayo), ukuqhubeka okuphuculweyo kwesakhiwo, kunye nomngcipheko onciphisiweyo weziphene ze-weld. Nangona kunjalo, ubude obude bufuna ukuthuthwa okukhethekileyo (izikhongozeli ze-flat rack, iinqanawa ezinkulu, okanye imithwalo yeprojekthi) kwaye zinokuba neendleko eziphezulu zothutho. Sicebisa ukuba ubude buphuculwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi, iindlela zothutho, kunye nemida yokufikelela kwindawo. Nceda unikeze iinkcukacha zeprojekthi yakho malunga nokufumaneka kobude obuthile kunye nexesha elikhokelayo.
Q: Zeziphi iindlela zokugquma ezikhoyo zombhobho wokufaka iindonga zaselwandle ukukhusela ukugqwala kwamanzi olwandle?
A: Sinikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokugquma ezichasene nokugqwala kwiindawo zaselwandle:
I-FBE (i-Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Umaleko omnye okanye emibini, ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-cathodic, ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo yi-300-500 microns.
I-3LPE / 3LPP (I-Polyethylene / iPolypropylene eneZileya ezintathu):Ukhuseleko oluphezulu loomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo yi-2.0-4.5mm, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezishushu zaselwandle.
I-Epoxy yeTar yamalahle:Ukumelana kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokuhambelana nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic, ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo yi-300-600 microns.
I-Hot Dip Galvanizing:Ingubo yeZinc (ngesiqhelo ingama-85-100 microns), inika ukhuseleko olubi kwiindawo zomonakalo wengubo.
I-Epoxy yolwelo:Ingubo efakwe ebaleni ukuze ilungiswe kwaye ilungiswe.
Ukwaleka Ubunzima Bekhonkrithi (CWC):Kwimibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba efuna ukufunxwa yimimoya engalunganga.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokufaka iipali zolwandle, i-3LPE okanye i-FBE coating edityaniswe nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic (ii-sacrificial anodes okanye i-impressed current) yeyona ndlela isemgangathweni kushishino. Ukukhethwa kwe-coating kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zamanzi olwandle (ubushushu, ityuwa, umxholo we-oxygen), ubomi boyilo (iminyaka engama-20-50), kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela ngepayipi yokulinganisa izinto ezifunekayo ukuze uhlolwe ngumntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Ewe. Siyamkela kwaye siququzelela uhlolo lwe-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, okanye nawuphi na ummeli otyunjwe ngumthengi ngexesha lemveliso (ukubona uvavanyo lwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, i-NDT, kunye nokuhlolwa kokugqibela) nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izatifikethi zokuhlolwa eziqinisekiswe ziimibutho zangaphandle ezigunyazisiweyo zinikezelwa rhoqo xa ziceliwe. Kwiiprojekthi zaselwandle nezifuna imvume yombutho wokwahlulwahlulwa (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), sisebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nombutho ukuze kubekho umhloli wezakhiwo kunye nokuvunywa kwamaxwebhu.
Q: Loluphi uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) olufunekayo kumbhobho wokufaka iipali zaselwandle?
A: Kwi-ASTM A252 GR.3, iimfuno ze-NDT ezisemgangathweni zilinganiselwe (akukho NDT inyanzelekileyo kwibakala elisemgangathweni). Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle naselwandle, sicebisa kwaye sinokubonelela:
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic oluyi-100% (UT)yomthungo we-weld kunye nomzimba wepayipi (we-LSAW kunye ne-ERW)
Uhlolo lweeNgcawu zeMagnetic (MPI)iinzwane ze-weld kunye nendawo echaphazeleka bubushushu
Uvavanyo lweRadiographic (RT)yomthungo we-weld (ubude obupheleleyo okanye obude obupheleleyo)
Ukuskena kwe-Laminar UTimiphetho yepleyiti ngaphambi kokuwelda (ye-LSAW)
Kwi-EN 10248 S355GP, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo oluquka i-UT okanye i-MPI lunokucaciswa ngumthengi. Sisoloko sicebisa ukuba kuxoxwe ngeemfuno ze-NDT kwinqanaba lokucaphula ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani bovavanyo kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo.
Q: Bungakanani ubude obuphezulu obunye onokubunika kumbhobho omkhulu wokufaka iipayipi (umz., 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT)?
A: Kwi-2,000mm OD × 25mm WT, singabonelela ngobude obunye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m (malunga neenyawo ezingama-80) kwinkqubo ye-LSAW. Kwiidayamitha ezingaphezulu kwe-1,500mm, ubude obuphezulu buhlala bunqunyelwe kukufumaneka kobungakanani bepleyiti kunye nemida yokuthutha. Nceda unxibelelane nathi ngeemfuno zakho ezithile zobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ubungakanani) ukuze ufumane uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lwamandla kunye nesicatshulwa sexesha lokukhokela. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ubude obungaphaya kwemida yothutho eqhelekileyo (umz., >24m kwiidayamitha ezinkulu), singakunceda ngocwangciso lwezothutho lweprojekthi kuquka i-barge okanye amalungiselelo othutho akhethekileyo.
Q: Ngaba nibonelela ngeenkonzo ezimfutshane zokufaka iipayipi? Zeziphi iimvumelwano onokuzifikelela?
A: Ewe. Sinikezela ngokusika ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kubude obuchanekileyo obuchazwe ngumthengi kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Ukunyamezelana kobude obuqhelekileyo yi +50mm / -0mm ngokweemfuno ze-ASTM A252 kunye ne-EN 10248. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukunyamezelana okusondeleyo, singafikelela kwi-±3mm kwiidayamitha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-660mm (ERW) kunye ne-±5mm kwiidayamitha ezinkulu (LSAW) kunye nokucubungula okongeziweyo. Ukusika kunokulandelwa kukusika okungasemva (i-angle ye-bevel engama-30°-35° ene-1.6mm ±0.8mm yokufika) yokudibanisa i-field butt okanye ukugqiba i-plain end njengoko kufuneka. Nceda ucacise iimfuno zakho zokunyamezela kwinqanaba leekowuteshini.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho wokufaka iipayipi zasemanzini i-ASTM A252 GR.3 okanye i-EN 10248 S355GP?
A: Amaxesha aqhelekileyo okukhokela kwipayipi yokugquma eyenziwe ngomatshini (engaveli kwisitokhwe) malunga neentsuku ezingama-30-45 zenkqubo ye-ERW kunye neentsuku ezingama-45-60 zenkqubo ye-LSAW, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beodolo, ububanzi, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye neemfuno ezithile zovavanyo. Ii-oda zokukhawulezisa (iintsuku ezingama-20-30) zinokufumaneka kwiinani ezincinci okanye kwiisayizi ezisemgangathweni eziveliswe kwizixhobo zesitokhwe. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, DNV, njl.njl.), yongeza iintsuku ezi-5-10 zokuhlela uhlolo kunye namaxwebhu. Kwi-coating (FBE, 3LPE, njl.njl.), yongeza iintsuku ezili-10-20 kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-coating kunye nobungakanani. Nceda unxibelelane nathi ngeshedyuli yakho yeprojekthi ukuze ufumane ikhowuteshini yexesha langoku lokukhokela.
Q: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu anikezelwayo ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye kombhobho wokufaka iipayipi zaselwandle?
A: Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kuquka amaxwebhu apheleleyo:
Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill (MTC):ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (okanye Uhlobo 2.2 / 3.2 xa luceliwe) kubandakanya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zokuxinana, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo
Ingxelo yoHlolo olunemilinganiselo:kuquka i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuthe tye, ukujikeleza
Iingxelo zoVavanyo ezingonakalisiyo:Iingxelo ze-UT (i-weld kunye nomzimba), iingxelo ze-RT (ukuba zichaziwe), iingxelo ze-MPI
Amaxwebhu okulandelelwa:inombolo yobushushu ukuya kwiirekhodi zokulandelela umbhobho ogqityiweyo
Uluhlu lokupakisha:uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwephakheji/lwemibhobho olunobungakanani, ubukhulu, kunye nobunzima
Isibhengezo se-invoyisi yoRhwebo kunye nokuPakisha:ukususwa kwerhafu
Isiqinisekiso semvelaphi:ukuba kuyimfuneko kwilizwe oya kulo (C/O, Form E, okanye enye)
Iingxelo zokugquma:ukuba i-coating ifakiwe (ukutyeba, ukunamathela, ukufunyanwa kweholide)
Kwi-EN 10248 S355GP, amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo aquka isibhengezo sokumakisha i-CE kunye neSibhengezo sokuSebenza (i-DoP) anokubonelelwa xa eceliwe.
Iimveliso eziNxulumeneyo
-
I-EN 10219 S460MH ERW Umbhobho weNtsimbi-Awona Mandla aphezulu...
-
Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-EN 10219 S355JRH ERW – Amandla aphezulu...
-
Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-EN 10219 S355J2H ERW: Amandla aphezulu ...
-
Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-EN 10219 S275JRH ERW – Amandla aPhakathi...
-
I-EN 10219 S235JRH ERW Steel Pipe – I-General Purpo...
-
I-EN 10217 P355GH ERW uMbhobho weNtsimbi-Owona Mbhobho weNtsimbi...
-
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-EN 10217 P295GH ERW – Amandla aphezulu ...
-
I-EN 10217 P265GH ERW Umbhobho weNtsimbi-Ukomelela okuPhakathi...
-
EN 10217 P235GH ERW Umbhobho wentsimbi-ubushushu obuphezulu...