1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iimveliso zetyhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Isixhobo sethu esikhethekileyo sokwenza imibhobho edibeneyo ye-TP304N sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuninzi obuphambili bokutywina kunye nokufakwa kobushushu okulawulwayo ukugcina umxholo we-nitrogen kwisinyithi esidibeneyo:
- Umgca we-ERW (wokuWelda oXhathisa umbane):Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-6.35mm ukuya kwi-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-0.5mm ukuya kwi-12.7mm. Ukuwelda okuphindaphindekayo okunemilinganiselo elungiselelwe ukugcina i-nitrogen. Ilungele imibhobho ye-TP304N encinci ukuya kwephakathi yoxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo.
- Umgca we-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding):Kwimitha ukusuka kwi-219mm ukuya kwi-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-4.0mm ukuya kwi-50mm. Ingcambu ye-TIG (GTAW) ene-SAW fill passes, kusetyenziswa i-filler metal efanayo (ER304N okanye ER308 ene-nitrogen).
- Umgca we-LSAW / SAWL weStainless:Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-406mm ukuya kwi-1524mm (16″ – 60″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50mm. Ukuwelda kwe-arc okufakwe emanzini kwiipleyiti ze-TP304N eziqengqelweyo.
Zonke iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-TP304N zifakwa kwisisombululo sokutsalwa kwe-annealing (unyango lobushushu) kwi-1040-1120°C kulandele ukucima amanzi ukuze kugcinwe i-nitrogen kwisisombululo esiqinileyo kwaye kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala, kulandele ukucolwa kunye nokungashukumi.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
- Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015
- I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yezixhobo zoxinzelelo
- Isatifikethi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa ngumntu wesithathu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
- Uhlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI) oluvunyiweyo yi-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-DNV, i-TÜV
- Ikhowudi ye-ASME Boiler kunye neVessel Pressure (iCandelo VIII, iCandelo 1) xa iceliwe
I-Womic Steel inikezela ngeepayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-TP304N kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40 kumashishini eenqanawa zoxinzelelo, izakhiwo, kunye neekhemikhali.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
- I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
- I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m (inde xa iceliwe)
- I-LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
- Iindlela zokugqiba: Ezifakwe i-Annealed nezifakwe i-pickled, ezifakwe i-annealed ezikhazimlayo, ezipholishiweyo (180# ukuya kwi-320#)
2. I-ASTM A312 TP304N: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-ASTM A312 TP304N yinguqulelo ye-nitrogen eqiniswe yintsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-304 eqhelekileyo. I-nitrogen (0.10-0.16%) inika ukuqina kwesisombululo esiqinileyo, inyusa amandla okuvelisa malunga ne-35% ngelixa igcina ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Oku kuvumela amacandelo odonga amancinci ukuba abe nomlinganiselo ofanayo woxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-TP304N (ASTM A312) | TP304 (ukuthelekisa) |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 18.0 – 20.0 | 18.0 – 20.0 |
| Ni | 8.0 – 11.0 | 8.0 – 11.0 |
| N | 0.10 – 0.16 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Fe | Ibhalansi | Ibhalansi |
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi, Isisombululo esifakwe kwi-Annealed):
| Ipropati | TP304N | TP304 |
| Amandla okuvelisa (umyinge, isaphulelo se-0.2%) | 275 MPa (39,900 psi) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-550 MPa (79,800 psi) | I-515 MPa (74,700 psi) |
| Ubude (umzuzu, igeyiji engama-50mm) | 35% | 40% |
| Ubunzima (ubuninzi) | 90 HRB | 90 HRB |
Iimpawu Zomzimba:
- Ubuninzi: 7.93 g/cm³
- Imodulus yoKuqina: 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi)
- Ukuqhuba kwe-Thermal: 16.2 W/m·K kwi-100°C
- I-Coefficient yoKwandiswa koBushushu: 17.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ukumelana nokugqwala:
- Ifana ne-304 kwiindawo ezininzi (ukuchasana okuhle nee-oxidizing acids, ii-organic acids)
- Ukumelana nokugabha kwemingxuma okuphuculwe kancinci ngenxa ye-nitrogen (PREN ≈ 19-20 vs 18 kwi-304)
- Ukumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kwe-intergranular emva kokuwelda (xa isisombululo sifakwe kakuhle)
- Ayifanelekanga inkonzo ye-chloride engaphezulu kobushushu obuqhelekileyo (sebenzisa i-316N okanye i-duplex kwii-chloride)
Iingenelo eziphambili ezingaphezulu kwama-304:
- Amandla aphezulu esivuno angama-35% avumela iindonga ezincinci (ukunciphisa ubunzima ngama-20-25%)
- Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo ngokweCandelo VIII le-ASME kwimithambo yoxinzelelo
- Ukushintshwa okunokuthelekiseka kunye nokwenziwa kakuhle
- Ukumelana okungcono kancinci kwemingxuma
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 (kwakhona i-A358, i-A249) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW / LSAW: 219 - 1524mm |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 50mm |
| Uluhlu lweShedyuli | Ii-5S, ii-10S, ii-40S, ii-80S (ze-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m; Ububanzi: 12m, 18m, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo Esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo Esinezithende (BE) |
| Umphezulu wokugqiba | I-Annealed & Pickled, I-Annealed Eqaqambileyo, Ikhazimlisiwe |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm; Ubunzima: ±12.5% (ngokwe-ASTM A999); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Umbhobho we-ASTM A312 TP304N welded Stainless Steel
| I-NPS | OD (mm) | Ishedyuli | Ubunzima (mm) | Ubunzima (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Umgca we-hydraulic |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Umthamo weekhemikhali |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Amanzi axinezelekileyo |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Umgca wenkqubo |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Inqanawa yoxinzelelo |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Ikholamu yesakhiwo |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | Umtshintshi wobushushu |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Ifektri yephepha |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | Icala eliphezulu lolwandle |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Inkxaso yesakhiwo |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | Intloko ephambili |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Igobolondo lesitya soxinzelelo |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 10S | 5.54 | 68.6 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 10S | 6.35 | 94.4 | 12m | Itanki yokugcina |
Imilinganiselo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kwezi zigaba iyafumaneka. I-TP304N ivumela iindonga ezincinci kune-304 ukuze zilinganiswe ngoxinzelelo olufanayo.
5. Imigangatho kunye neeNqanaba zeNsimbi engagqwaliyo eziQhelekileyo ezenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNsimbi | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo yokuWelda |
| I-ASTM A312 | TP304N, TP304, TP304L, TP316N, TP316 | Inkonzo ekonakalisayo, uxinzelelo | I-ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM A358 | TP304N, TP304, TP316 | I-fusion yombane edibeneyo | I-EFW |
| I-ASTM A249 | TP304N | Ibhoyila, i-superheater, i-heat exchanger | I-ERW/EFW |
| I-ASTM A312 | TP304L, TP316L | Inkonzo yokugqwala ngokubanzi | I-ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| EN 10217-7 | 1.4315 (304N) | Iinjongo zoxinzelelo | I-SAW/ERW |
Ukusetyenziswa:Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, izinto ezakhiweyo, imibhobho eselunxwemeni, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, izixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu, izixhobo zokugaya iphepha.
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso – Umbhobho weNtsimbi engagqwaliyo oWelding (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Inkqubo ye-ERW (yokuWelda ngokuxhathisa umbane) – Ububanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Uvavanyo lwezinto eziluhlaza (iStrip/Coil):Umcu we-TP304N uqinisekisiwe ukuba uqulathe ntoni (Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%, N 0.10-0.16%). Ikhoyili nganye inenombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo.
2. Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa
3. Ukucheba Umphetho Wemicu
4. Ukwenziwa:Ukwakheka kweroli rhoqo.
5. Ukuwelda Okuqhelekileyo:Ukufakwa kobushushu okulungiselelweyo (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) ukugcina initrogen. Isantya esiphezulu sinokufuneka.
6. Ukugquma umthungo:Ukufakelwa kwe-induction kulandele ukucima amanzi.
7. Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungisa
8. Ukusika ubude
9. I-NDT:Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ekhethiweyo.
10.Isisombululo sokuNxuluba (Ipayipi Epheleleyo):1040-1120°C, isitshisi samanzi. Sibalulekile ekunyibilikiseni ii-nitrides nasekubuyiseleni iimpawu.
11.Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
12.Ukukha kunye nokuPasa
13.Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMI (XRF) kunye neNitrogen (ukuba kuchaziwe)
14.Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokuMakisha
Inkqubo ye-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WIT):
1. Ukulungiswa kwepleyiti:Ipleyiti ye-TP304N, imiphetho ijikeleziswe (i-X bevel).
2. Ukwenza iRoll
3. Ukuwelda ngeeTack
4. I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Isithambisi esihambelanayo (ER308 okanye ER304N), igesi exhasa i-argon.
5. Iipasi ze-SAW Fill kunye ne-Cap:I-SAW edlula ngeendlela ezininzi enegalelo lobushushu elilawulwayo (≤ 1.8 kJ/mm), i-interpass ≤ 150°C.
6. I-Weld yangaphakathi
7. Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray lwe-100%(ngokwe-ASTM A358)
8. Isisombululo sokuNgcwaba:Unyango olupheleleyo lobushushu bepayipi (1040-1120°C), isitshisi samanzi.
9. Ukukha kunye nokuPasa
10.Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
11.Ukuhlolwa kunye nokuMakisha koBume
Inkqubo ye-LSAW yeStainless – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):
- I-UOE okanye i-JCOE yenziwe ngepleyiti ye-TP304N
- Ukuwelda kwe-SAW enamacala amabini
- Isisombululo esipheleleyo sokufakelwa emva kokuwelda
Izinto ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwi-TP304N:
- Umthamo weNitrogen kufuneka ulawulwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuna kweNitride
- Isisombululo sokunyusa ubushushu obuphezulu (1080-1120°C) ukunyibilikisa ii-nitrides
- Ukucima amanzi kuyimfuneko ukugcina i-nitrogen kwisisombululo esiqinileyo
- Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zokuwelda kufuneka zibe nomxholo wenitrogen ohambelanayo (ER308L kunye nokongeza kwe-N)
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lweMbhobho yeNsimbi engaGciniyo ye-ASTM A312 TP304N Welded
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES + Ukutsha kwe-N) | Qinisekisa i-TP304N (N 0.10-0.16%, Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%) |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Qinisekisa isivuno ≥ 275 MPa, ukutsalwa ≥ 550 MPa |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Ukuqina | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Kwinkqubo | Ukubeka iliso ekufakweni kobushushu | ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm |
| Ukuwelda (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ukunyaniseka kwe-Weld |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-100% UT (okanye i-PAUT) | Fumanisa iziphene zokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (indawo okanye i-100% ngokwe-spec) | Umgangatho wokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imingxunya yomphezulu |
| Emva kweSombululo se-Annealing | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Emva kweSombululo se-Annealing | Ukuqinisekiswa kweNitrogen (ukuba kuchaziwe) | Qinisekisa umxholo we-N kumbhobho ogqityiweyo |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Igophe eliThabathileyo/eliKhokelwayo | Ubuchule |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa ibakala (Cr, Ni) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Okubonakalayo kunye nokuMakisha | Ukulandeleka |
Uvavanyo oluKhethekileyo:
- Uvavanyo lokuxinana kobushushu obuphezulu (ukuba luyimfuneko kuyilo)
- Uvavanyo lokugqwala kwe-pitting (ASTM G48) lwenkonzo ebalulekileyo
- Uvavanyo lokugqwala oluphakathi kweegranular (ASTM A262 Practice E)
8. Izicelo eziphambili – Umbhobho we-ASTM A312 TP304N welded Stainless Steel
1. Izitya zoxinzelelo kunye neetanki zokugcina:Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo ngokwe-ASME Icandelo VIII livumela iindonga ezincinci (ukonga ubunzima obuyi-20-25%) xa kuthelekiswa ne-304.
2. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo kwiindawo ezirhabaxa:Iinkxaso zeplatifomu engaselunxwemeni lolwandle, ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo sezityalo zeekhemikhali, iintsika zezityalo zokulungisa ukutya. Amandla aphezulu anciphisa ubungakanani becandelo.
3. Imibhobho esecaleni konxweme olungaselunxwemeni:Inkqubo yokufakelwa kwemibhobho apho kufuneka umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo kodwa akufuneki duplex. I-TP304N inika amandla aphakathi.
4. Ukucubungula iikhemikhali (iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu):Imibhobho yokungena/yokuphuma kwe-reactor, imigca yokudlulisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu apho i-304 inganelanga kodwa i-316L ichazwe ngokugqithisileyo.
5. Iigobolondo kunye neetyhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu:Uxinzelelo olusecaleni lweqokobhe lunokwandiswa ngaphandle kokuba iqokobhe liqine. Iityhubhu zinokuba neendonga ezincinci ukuze kudluliselwe ubushushu ngcono.
6. Izixhobo zomatshini wephepha:Iintambo zokugaya ukutya, imibhobho yokulungiselela isitokhwe apho amandla aphezulu amelana nokukhukuliseka nokubola.
7. Ubhiya kunye nemibhobho yobisi:Iinkqubo ze-CIP (Clean-In-Place) ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemigca yemveliso esebenza kwi-10-15 bar.
8. Imigca ye-hydraulic:Izixhobo zombane kunye nemigca yokulawula efuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluphezulu kune-304.
9. Imizimba yepompo kunye neevalvu:Izinto ezenziwe ngobumba okanye ezenziwe ngobumba (zithatha indawo ye-304 ngamandla aphezulu).
10.Iinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu:Imigca yokutya ye-osmosis ebuyela umva (uvavanyo oluphezulu loxinzelelo).
11.Izakhiwo zokwakha:Apho amandla aphezulu evumela iiprofayili ezincinci (ii-handrails, ii-supports).
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – Umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo we-ASTM A312 TP304N
Ukupakisha:
- Ukhuseleko lokulwa nokugqwala:Iipayipi ezifakwe ioyile okanye iphepha le-VCI. Ekutyeni/ekuphekeni, akukho ntsalela yeoyile (iplastiki egoqwe ngayo).
- Iziphelo zokugqibela:Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki zeziphelo ezibhityileyo.
- Ukubopha (Ububanzi obuncinci):Iibhanti ezineentambo zentsimbi kunye nephepha elidibanisayo.
- Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu egqunywe ngeplastiki.
- Iibhokisi zomthikwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
- Izikhongozeli ze-≤ 610mm, ubukhulu obuphakathi bobubanzi obukhulu.
- Amaxwebhu:I-MTC 3.1/3.2, ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-hydro, iingxelo ze-eddy current/UT, ingxelo ye-PMI, ingxelo yobukhulu, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-COO.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ - Umbhobho we-ASTM A312 TP304N welded Stainless Steel
Kutheni kufuneka usebenzisane neWomic Steel kwiTP304N Welded Pipe?
- Uluhlu olupheleleyo lobungakanani: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 60″.
- Ukuqhoboshela isisombululo esipheleleyo emva kokuwelda (1040-1120°C, isitshisi samanzi).
- Ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen kuqinisekiswa ngohlalutyo lokutsha.
- Amandla aphezulu avumela iindonga ezincinci - ukonga ubunzima obuyi-20-25% ngaphezulu kwama-304.
- Amaxesha okukhokela akhuphisanayo: iintsuku ezingama-25-35 kwi-ERW, iintsuku ezingama-35-50 kwi-EFW/LSAW.
- Isiqinisekiso sehlabathi jikelele: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Uhlobo lwe-3.2.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo) – Ipayipi Edibeneyo ye-ASTM A312 TP304N
Q: Yintoni inzuzo ye-TP304N kune-304 eqhelekileyo?
A: I-TP304N inamandla aphezulu esivuno angama-35% (275 MPa vs 205 MPa) ngelixa igcina ukumelana nokugqwala okufanayo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokudityaniswa. Oku kuvumela abayili ukuba basebenzise iindonga ezincinci kwimibhobho yoxinzelelo kunye neepayipi, ukunciphisa ubunzima ngama-20-25% kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha kwinqanaba elifanayo loxinzelelo. Kwizicelo zesakhiwo, ubungakanani obuncinci becandelo bungasetyenziswa.
Q: Ingaba i-TP304N ibiza kakhulu kune-304?
A: Kancinci, ngenxa yokudibanisa i-nitrogen kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokwakheka. Nangona kunjalo, ukonga ubunzima (iindonga ezincinci ezingama-20-25%) kudla ngokubangela ukuba ixabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo eziqulathe uxinzelelo liphantsi. Kwizicelo zesakhiwo apho amandla abalulekileyo, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunokunciphisa ixabiso eliphezulu leyunithi.
Q: Ngaba i-TP304N ingadityaniswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-nitrogen?
A: Ewe, ngeeparameters ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda (ukufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi, ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm) kunye nentsimbi yokuzalisa efanelekileyo (ER308 okanye ER304N). I-nitrogen egcinwe kwintsimbi yokuwelda idla ngokuba yi-80-90% yentsimbi esisiseko. Inkqubo ye-Womic's ERW isebenzisa ukuwelda okuphuculiweyo okunciphisa ilahleko ye-nitrogen. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, ukuqhoboshela isisombululo emva kokuwelda kubuyisela ukusasazwa kwe-nitrogen.
Q: Ngaba i-TP304N ifuna ukuxutywa kwesisombululo emva kokuwelda?
A: I-ASTM A312 ifuna ukuqhoboshelwa kwesisombululo kwipayipi edibeneyo. Kwi-TP304N, ukuqhoboshelwa kwesisombululo kwi-1040-1120°C kulandele ukuqhoboshelwa kwamanzi kuyimfuneko ukuze kunyibilikiswe naziphi na ii-nitrides ezinokuba zenziwe ngexesha lokuqhoboshelwa kunye nokubuyisela ukumelana okupheleleyo kokugqwala kunye neempawu zoomatshini. I-Womic yenza ukuqhoboshelwa kwesisombululo kuzo zonke iipayipi ezidibeneyo ze-TP304N.
Q: Ingaba i-TP304N ifanelekile kwinkonzo yamanzi olwandle?
A: Ayikhuthazwa. I-TP304N inokumelana okufanayo kwemingxuma kwi-304 (PREN ≈ 19-20). Kwiindawo zamanzi olwandle okanye ezine-chloride ephezulu, sebenzisa i-316N (ene-Mo) okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini. I-TP304N yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa okufuna amandla aphezulu kwiindawo ezingezizo i-chloride okanye ezine-chloride ephantsi.
Q: Luluphi uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo oluvumelekileyo lwe-TP304N kwi-ASME Section VIII?
A: Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwe-TP304N lumalunga ne-137 MPa (20,000 psi) xa kuthelekiswa ne-115 MPa (16,700 psi) kwi-304 – malunga ne-19% ephezulu. Amaxabiso okwenyani axhomekeke kubushushu; jonga kwiCandelo le-ASME II, iCandelo D. Abayili kufuneka basebenzise amaxabiso oxinzelelo afanelekileyo avumelekileyo kudidi oluthile.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo we-TP304N?
A: Iintsuku ezingama-25-35 kwi-ERW (iidayamitha ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi), iintsuku ezingama-35-50 kwi-EFW/LSAW (iidayamitha ezinkulu). I-TP304N ludidi oluqhelekileyo kwiifektri ezininzi, ngoko ke amaxesha okukhokela afana ne-304.
Q: Ngaba i-TP304N ingasetyenziselwa inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-500°C)?
A: Amandla aphezulu obushushu beTP304N angcono kune-304 ngenxa yokuqina kwesisombululo se-nitrogen esiqinileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkonzo eqhubekayo engaphezulu kwe-550°C, amanqanaba anekhabhoni ephezulu (304H) okanye amanqanaba anganyangekiyo (321H, 347H) ayathandwa. I-TP304N ifanelekile kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi (<425°C) apho kufuneka amandla khona.
11. Isalathiso seProjekthi – Iipayipi zePlatform eziPhezulu kunye neeNkxaso zeZakhiwo zePlatform yase-Offshore (eBrazil)
Ilizwe:Brazil (Campos Basin, offshore Rio de Janeiro)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-ASTM A312 TP304N (idityaniswe ngentsimbi)
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
- OD 219.1mm (8″) × Ishedyuli 10S (3.76mm WIT) – 1,200 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-28) – Inkqubo ye-EFW
- OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ishedyuli 10S (3.40mm WIT) – 1,800 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-22) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
- OD 114.3mm (4″) × Ishedyuli 10S (3.05mm WIT) – 2,500 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-20) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
- OD 60.3mm (2″) × Ishedyuli 10S (2.77mm WIT) – 3,000 metres (malunga neetoni ezili-12) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
- OD 406.4mm (16″) × Ishedyuli 10S (4.78mm WIT) – 300 metres (malunga neetoni ezili-12) – Inkqubo ye-EFW (iikholamu zesakhiwo)
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-8,800 (8.8 km), malunga neetoni ezingama-94
Iinkcukacha:Isisombululo se-ASTM A312 TP304N sifakwe i-anneal kwaye sifakwe i-pickle, iziphelo ezibengezelayo. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. I-100% UT kwimibhobho ye-EFW, umsinga we-eddy we-ERW. I-PMI kumbhobho ngamnye. Uvavanyo lwe-tensile (isivuno ≥ 275 MPa, sifikelelwe kwi-310-340 MPa; i-tensile ≥ 550 MPa, sifikelelwe kwi-580-620 MPa). Impembelelo ye-Charpy kwi--20°C (ubuncinci be-27J, sifikelelwe kwi-100-150J). Uvavanyo lwe-intergranular corrosion ngokwe-ASTM A262 Practice E (pass). Uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu yi-DNV Brazil.
Isicelo:Iiphayiphi zenkqubo ezikwicala eliphezulu kunye neenkxaso zesakhiwo seqonga lemveliso eliselunxwemeni kwiCampos Basin. Iziphatho zephayiphi zenkqubo zivelise amanzi kunye negesi enoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-50-80°C enomxholo ophantsi we-chloride (amanzi avelisiweyo acociweyo). Iinkxaso zesakhiwo zeze-skid zezixhobo kunye neerakhi zephayiphi. Iqonga lifune ukunciphisa ubunzima ukuze landise ubomi balo benkonzo (iinkxalabo zokudinwa). I-TP304N ikhethwe ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu angama-35% esivuno, ivumela iindonga ezincinci (Shedyuli 10S endaweni yeShedyuli 40S) zombini iiphayiphi kunye namalungu esakhiwo.
Umxholo woBunjineli:Ekuqaleni eli qonga laliyilelwe iipayipi ezingama-304. Ngokuphucula ukuya kwi-TP304N nokunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwiShedyuli 40S (4.55-8.18mm) ukuya kwiShedyuli 10S (2.77-4.78mm), iqela lobunjineli lifikelele ekunciphiseni ubunzima ngama-45% kwiipayipi kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima ngama-30% kwiinkxaso zesakhiwo - ukonga ubunzima obupheleleyo beetoni ezingama-35 (27% yobunzima bokuqala). Oku kwenze ukuba iqonga lihlale ngaphakathi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwalo lobunzima oluphezulu.
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
- Ukunciphisa ubunzima ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umlinganiselo woxinzelelo– Amandla aphezulu emveliso ye-TP304N avumela iindonga ezincinci kwi-ASME B31.3 nganye. Kwimibhobho eyi-8″, i-Schedule 10S (3.76mm) ithathe indawo ye-Schedule 40S (8.18mm), inciphisa ubunzima ngama-54%. I-Womic inikezele ngesatifikethi sobukhulu kunye neengxelo zovavanyo loxinzelelo. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kwi-3.0 MPa luphumelele (uyilo loxinzelelo lwe-1.8 MPa, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-2.7 MPa).
- Ukuhambelana kwamandla esinyithi esitshisiweyo– I-ERW kunye ne-EFW weld metal kufuneka zibe namandla alingana nesiseko sentsimbi. Iiparameter ze-ERW ezilungiselelwe yiWomic ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwejoyinti ye-weld ye-95% (amandla okutsalwa yi-560 MPa xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko se-590 MPa). Ii-EFW welds ezisebenzisa i-ER308 filler zifumene ukusebenza kakuhle kwejoyinti ye-100%. Zonke iimvavanyo zokutsalwa kwejoyinti ye-weld ziphumelele.
- Ukumelana nokugqwala xa ubukhulu bodonga bunciphile– Iindonga ezincinci azinawo umnyinyiva wokugqwala. Amanzi avelisiweyo ane-chloride ephantsi (< 50 ppm) ene-pH 6.5-7.5, ngoko ke izinga lokugqwala liphantsi. I-TP304N inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kancinci kune-304 ngenxa ye-nitrogen. I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lwe-ASTM G48 pitting (iiyure ezingama-24 kwi-22°C) – akukho mnyinyiva. Umthengi wamkelekile.
- Uyilo lwenkxaso yesakhiwo kusetyenziswa i-TP304N– Iikholamu zesakhiwo eziyi-16″ zisebenzise iShedyuli 10S (4.78mm) endaweni yeShedyuli 40S (9.53mm). Uhlalutyo lwe-Finite element (FEA) luqinisekisile ukuba udonga oluncinci olunamandla aphezulu e-TP304N lubonelela ngomthamo womthwalo olinganayo. I-Womic ibonelela ngokunyamezela ukuthe tye ≤ 0.15% ukuzinza kweekholamu.
- Inkqubo yokuwelda yasentsimini ye-TP304N– Iqela lolondolozo lweplatfomu bekufuneka lilungise imibhobho ngexesha lokufakelwa. I-Womic inikezele nge-WPS isebenzisa i-GTAW ene-ER308 filler, i-heat input ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm, i-interpass ≤ 150°C. Iikhuphoni ze-weld ezingama-20 ziphumelele uvavanyo lwe-RT, i-PT, kunye ne-tensile.
- Uthutho oluya eCampos Basin– Iipayipi zithunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eRio de Janeiro, emva koko zathunyelwa eqongeni laselwandle ngenqanawa yokuhambisa impahla. I-DNV ihlole iipayipi xa zilayisha. Zonke iitoni ezingama-94 zithunyelwe ngemithwalo emibini kwiiveki ezi-5.
Isiphumo:Iipayipi eziphezu kweqonga kunye neenkxaso zesakhiwo ezifakwe kwikota yesibini ka-2024. Ukonga ubunzima beetoni ezingama-35 kuvumele iqonga ukuba lihlangabezane nomda walo wobunzima obuphezulu ngaphandle kokufuna ukuqina kwesakhiwo. Emva kweenyanga ezili-12 zokusebenza, uhlolo alubonisanga monakalo okanye ukusilela kwe-weld. Umsebenzisi uceba ukusebenzisa i-TP304N ekuphuculeni iqonga kwixesha elizayo ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokwandisa ubomi bempahla. I-Womic Steel ngoku ngumthengisi ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno zalo mqhubi zepayipi zentsimbi engagqwali.
Qhagamshelana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo le-ASTM A312 TP304N imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwali edityanisiweyo yemikhumbi yoxinzelelo, amaqonga aselunxwemeni, usetyenziso lwesakhiwo, kunye neenkqubo zeekhemikhali ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwihlabathi liphela.
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