1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iimveliso zetyhubhu zekhabhoni, i-alloy, kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Isixhobo sethu sokuvelisa imibhobho ye-ERW yanamhlanje sigubungela amandla okuvelisa angaphezulu kweetoni ezili-15,000 ngenyanga kwimibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo enganyangekiyo ngombane.
Uluhlu lobungakanani bemveliso ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW Pipe:Ububanzi obungaphandle buqala kwi-21.3mm ukuya kwi-610mm (1/2 intshi ukuya kwi-24 intshi) kunye nobukhulu bodonga buqala kwi-2.0mm ukuya kwi-20.0mm. Ubude obungacwangciswanga obunye buyi-6m, ubude obuphindwe kabini obungacwangciswanga buyi-12m, okanye ubude obulungiselelwe wena njengoko kufuneka.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015:Inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho eqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo i-European Pressure Equipment Directive kwizicelo zoxinzelelo. Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye ne-Declaration of Performance (DoP) kubonelele ngokwamkelwa kwemarike yaseYurophu.
Isiqinisekiso se-EN 10204 3.2:Isatifikethi sokuhlola 3.2 siqinisekiswe yi-TÜV, LR, BV, okanye i-SGS kwizicelo zoxinzelelo olubalulekileyo ezifuna ukulandelelwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuvunywa koHlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI):Iimveliso kunye neenkqubo ezivunyiweyo yi-SGS, i-BV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-DNV, i-GL, kunye ne-TÜV.
Iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo:I-ISO 14001, i-ISO 45001 ziyafumaneka xa ziceliwe.
Ukwamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela:I-Womic Steel ngumthengisi othembekileyo kubavelisi bebhoyila, abenzi beenqanawa zoxinzelelo, izityalo zamandla, kunye nezakhiwo zepetrochemical, ekhonza amazwe angaphezu kwama-80 kwihlabathi liphela.
2. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe: Ulwakhiwo lwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-EN 10217 P235GH yityhubhu yentsimbi engaxutywanga eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iinjongo zoxinzelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. U-"P" ubonisa injongo yoxinzelelo, u-"235" ubonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-235 MPa, u-"G" ubonisa iimpawu zobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye u-"H" ubonisa uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic (uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic). Inombolo yebanga 1.0345 luphawu lwamanani phantsi kwe-EN 10027-2.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-P265GH (265 MPa yield) kunye ne-P355GH (355 MPa yield), i-P235GH inika amandla amahle kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngelixa ibonelela ngokudityaniswa kakuhle kunye nobuchule obuhle. I-P235GH ifanelekile ukusebenza rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-400°C, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiidrama zebhoyila, ii-heat exchangers, kunye nee-pressure vessels ezikwi-temperature ephakathi.
I-EN 10217 P235GH ERW Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali zePipe yeNsimbi (Uhlalutyo lweLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | Ubuninzi be-C | Si max | Ubuninzi be-Mn | Ubuninzi be-P | Ubuninzi be-S | Ubuninzi beCr | I-Cu max | Ubuninzi benyanga | Ubuninzi beNi |
| P235GH | 0.16 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
*Qaphela: Umxholo we-aluminium (Al) kufuneka ube yi-0.020% ubuncinci. Isimbuku se-Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni asiyi kudlula kwi-0.70%. Umxholo we-carbon ephantsi kunye nomxholo we-alloy ophantsi kuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa okuhle kunye nokukwazi ukwakheka kwezixhobo zoxinzelelo.*
Iipropati zoomatshini zePipe yeNsimbi ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW (Ubushushu beGumbi):
| Ubukhulu bodonga (mm) | Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | Tensile strength | Ukwandiswa (umzuzu) |
| t ≤ 16mm | 235 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 16mm < t ≤ 40mm | 225 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 24% |
| 40mm < t ≤ 60mm | 215 MPa | 360-500 MPa | 23% |
Qaphela: I-P235GH igcina amandla aluncedo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400°C. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwe-400°C), ii-P265GH okanye ii-alloy grades ezifana ne-16Mo3 ziyacetyiswa.
I-EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe Ubushushu obuphezulu Amandla okuVuna:
| Ubushushu (°C) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| Amandla okuKhula (i-MPa) | 225 | 190 | 170 | 165 | 155 |
Qaphela: La maxabiso amele amandla amancinci okuvelisa xa kushushu kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukufaneleka kweP235GH kwizixhobo zebhoyila kunye ne-heat exchanger.
Iipropati zeMpayiphu yeNsimbi ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW:
| Isikhokelo sovavanyo | Ubushushu | Amandla Aphakathi (umzuzu) | Amandla oMntu ngamnye (umzuzu) |
| I-Longitudinal | 0°C | IiJoules ezingama-27 | IiJoules ezingama-20 |
| I-Transverse | 0°C | IiJoules ezingama-27 | IiJoules ezingama-20 |
*Qaphela: Uvavanyo lwempembelelo luyimfuneko kwi-P235GH phantsi kwe-EN 10217-2. Kwizicelo zobushushu obuphantsi ezingaphantsi kwe-0°C, i-P235GH ayichazwa rhoqo.*
3. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe Dimensional Range & Standards Compliance
I-Womic Steel ibonelela ngemibhobho ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW kuyo yonke i-spectrum enobukhulu obubanzi, ihambelana ngokupheleleyo nomgangatho we-EN 10217-2:2024.
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | EN 10217-2:2024 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo - Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezomxube kunye nezomxube ezineempawu zobushushu obuphezulu ezichaziweyo) |
| Ibanga | I-P235GH (1.0345) |
| Inkqubo yoMveliso | Ukuwelda okuxhathisa umbane (ERW) / Ukuwelda okuQhelekileyo (HFW) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 intshi – 24 intshi) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | 2.0mm – 20.0mm |
| Ubude | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), okanye ubude obulungiselelwe wena ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18m |
| Imeko yokuhanjiswa | Njengoko itshixiwe/ iqhelekile (+N) |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo Esicacileyo (PE) / Isiphelo Esinezithende (BE) |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Ayinanto / Ifakwe ioyile / Imnyama |
| Udidi lokuhlola | I-TC1 (i-cert engu-2.2) / i-TC2 (i-cert engu-3.1 ene-NDT) |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±1.0% / Ubunzima: ±10% / Ubude: +50mm -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo - Umbhobho weNsimbi ye-ERW
| NB | Ubungakanani | OD mm | I-SCH40S mm | I-SCH5S mm | I-SCH10S mm | I-SCH10 mm | I-SCH20 mm | I-SCH40 mm | I-SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | I-SCH80 mm | I-SCH100 mm | I-SCH120 mm | I-SCH140 mm | I-SCH160 mm | I-SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Qaphela: Ukufumaneka kobukhulu bodonga kunokwahluka ngokusekwe kububanzi bombhobho kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa. Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo ngaphandle kolu luhlu bufumaneka xa uceliwe.
5. Imigangatho yePipe yeNsimbi ye-ERW eqhelekileyo eyenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amabanga aQhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| I-API 5L (Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho woMgca) | ||
| I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi, imibhobho eselunxwemeni/elunxwemeni |
| Umbhobho woMgca we-ASTM kunye noMbhobho woLwakhiwo | ||
| I-ASTM A53 (Iinkcukacha zePipe, iNtsimbi, emnyama neshushu, egqunywe yiZinc, eWelded kwaye engenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Amanzi, igesi, umphunga, umoya, usetyenziso lwesakhiwo |
| I-ASTM A135 (Iinkcukacha zoMbhobho weNsimbi oThintelweyo oXhatshazwa nguMbane) | GR.A, GR.B | Iinkonzo zamanzi, igesi, umphunga, ukucoca |
| I-ASTM A252 (Iinkcukacha zeePipe zeNsimbi eziWelded nezingenamthungo) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Ukufakwa kweziseko, ukufakwa kweenqanawa, isiseko sebhulorho |
| I-ASTM A500 (Iinkcukacha zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeKhabhoni eyenziwe ngoBubandayo kunye neNgenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Iipayipi zesakhiwo, izakhelo zesakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-ASTM A501 (Iinkcukacha zeMibhobho yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeKhabhoni eyenziwe ngobushushu kunye nengenamthungo) | GR.A, GR.B | Izicelo ezinzima zesakhiwo, iikholamu, ii-trusses |
| I-ASTM Boiler kunye ne-Heat Exchanger (ERW) | ||
| I-ASTM A178 (Iinkcukacha zeCarbon Steel Welded kunye neeCarbon-Manganese Steel Boiler Tubes) | Ibanga A, C, D | Iityhubhu zebhoyila, iityhubhu ze-superheater |
| I-ASTM A214 (Iinkcukacha ze-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger kunye neeCondenser Tubes ezixhathisa umbane) | — | Izitshintshi zobushushu, ii-condensers |
| I-ASTM A250 (Iinkcukacha zeBoiler yentsimbi yeFerritic Alloy kunye neeTubes zeSuperheater ezixhathisa umbane) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Ibhoyila yobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-superheater |
| I-ASTM A334 (Iinkcukacha zeetyhubhu zeCarbon kunye ne-Alloy Steel ezingenamthungo nezidibeneyo zeNkonzo yoBushushu obuphantsi) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Inkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi, i-cryogenic |
| Imigangatho ye-EN / DIN / BS | ||
| I-EN 10217-1 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo - Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezomxube ezineempawu ezithile zobushushu begumbi) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, iidrama zebhoyila, imibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| I-EN 10217-2 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ngeenjongo zoxinzelelo - Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezomxube kunye nezomxube ezineempawu zobushushu obuphezulu ezichaziweyo) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Ubushushu obuphezulu, iityhubhu zebhoyila, izitshintshi zobushushu |
| I-EN 10219-1 (Iinxalenye ezingenanto zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngentsimbi ebandayo ngeenjongo zokwakha) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Izicelo zesakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-EN 10210 (Iinxalenye ezingaphakathi ezishushu nezingenanto yokwenziwa kunye neentsimbi ezincinci) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Iindawo ezingenanto/ezinemiphetho eshushu ezenziwe ngemithungo/ezitshisiweyo ngeenjongo zokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, iibhulorho |
| I-EN 10025-2 (Iimveliso eziqengqelekayo ezishushu zeentsimbi ezakhiweyo - Iintsimbi ezakhiweyo ezingezo-alloy) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Imisebenzi yesinyithi ngokubanzi, ubunjineli bokwakha |
| I-EN 10255 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezingezizo ezo-alloy ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda kunye nokuluka imisonto) | S195T, S235JRTH | Amanzi, igesi, amanzi amdaka, iinkqubo zemibhobho enemisonto |
| EN 10305-2 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo - Iityhubhu ezitsalwa ngokubandayo ezidityanisiweyo) | E215, E235, E355 | Izicelo ezichanekileyo, ii-hydraulic cylinders |
| I-BS 1387 (Iinkcukacha zeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezifakwe izikrufu nezinesokhethi kunye neetyhubhu) | Iklasi A, B, C | Amanzi, igesi, umphunga, i-scaffolding, umbhobho onemisonto |
| I-DIN 2458 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezixhobo - Iimeko zobuchwephesha ngokubanzi zokuhanjiswa) | I-St37.0, I-St44.0, I-St52.0 | Iityhubhu zentsimbi ezitshisiweyo ngokubanzi, usetyenziso lwesakhiwo |
| Imigangatho ye-ISO kunye neminye | ||
| I-ISO 3183 (Imizi-mveliso yepetroli negesi yendalo - Imibhobho yentsimbi yeenkqubo zothutho lwemibhobho) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Imibhobho yeoyile negesi (ilingana ne-ISO ye-API 5L) |
| I-ISO 65 (Iityhubhu zentsimbi zamanzi, igesi kunye nelindle - Iityhubhu ezinemisonto) | Phakathi, Kunzima | Amanzi, igesi, amanzi amdaka, umbhobho onemisonto |
| I-CSA G40.21 (Intsimbi yomgangatho wesakhiwo - umgangatho waseKhanada) | 44W, 50W | Usetyenziso lwezakhiwo (eKhanada) |
| AS 1163 (Iinxalenye ezingenanto zentsimbi yesakhiwo - umgangatho wase-Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Iindawo ezingenanto ezakhiweyo (eOstreliya) |
| I-GOST 10706 (Iipayipi zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zemibhobho kunye nezakhiwo - umgangatho waseRashiya) | ISt20, Ist35, Ist45 | Iipayipi, usetyenziso lwezakhiwo (eRashiya) |
Ukusetyenziswa:Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi, amanzi kunye nelindle, iiprojekthi zesakhiwo, i-scaffolding, isiseko sokufaka iipali, ulwelo oluphezulu loxinzelelo, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, ukuvelisa umbane, ulwakhiwo, ubunjineli baselwandle, iityhubhu zebhoyila, izitshintshi zobushushu, ii-superheater, ii-condenser, inkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi, usetyenziso oluchanekileyo, ii-hydraulic cylinders, iinkqubo zemibhobho enemisonto
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso - Umbhobho weNsimbi we-ERW / HFW
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza:Iikhoyili zentsimbi ezingenayo ziyaqinisekiswa ukuba zenziwe ngamakhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu. Ikhoyili nganye inikwe inombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo ukuze ilandeleke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa:Iikhoyili ziyavulwa zize zilinganiswe ukuze zithe tyaba umcu kwaye zisuse iseti yeekhoyili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zithe tyaba ngokulinganayo ukuze zihlale zimile.
Ukusila kunye nokuSika imiphetho:Zombini imiphetho yomcu zigaywa ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobubanzi obuchanekileyo (± 0.5mm), nto leyo eyenza umphezulu ococekileyo nohambelanayo ukuze kwenziwe i-weld esemgangathweni ophezulu.
Ukwenziwa Komkhuhlane:Umcu olinganisiweyo udlula kwimiqulu eyenza imiqulu ethi kancinci kancinci ibumbe umcu othe tyaba ube yiqokobhe letyhubhu elivulekileyo eliyi-cylindrical.
Ukuwelda Okuphindaphindwayo (HFW/ERW):Umbane ohamba rhoqo (200-500 kHz) ufudumeza imiphetho yokudibana ukuya kubushushu bokubumba (1,350-1,500°C). Iiroli zokucinezela zicinezela imiphetho eshushu kunye, zenze i-weld eyenziweyo ngaphandle kwezinto zokuzalisa.
Ukususwa kweeBead eziWeldiweyo:I-flash yangaphakathi neyangaphandle isuswa zii-carbide scarfing blades xa ishushu, nto leyo evelisa umphezulu ogudileyo ongenazo izixhobo zokuwelda ezininzi.
Ubungakanani:Ityhubhu edibeneyo idlula kwiiroli zobukhulu ukuze ifikelele ekunyamezeleni okuchanekileyo kwe-OD (± 0.5% ukuya ku-± 1.0%). Iiroli ezongezelelweyo zivelisa iimilo zesikwere/unxande ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Unyango lobushushu (Ukhetho):Ukulungisa iqondo lobushushu kwi-890-930°C kunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukuguquguquka okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, nto leyo evelisa isakhiwo esifana ne-ferrite-pearlite microstructure.
Ukusika Ubude:Umbhobho unqunyulwa ngobude obuchaziweyo kusetyenziswa iisarha ezisikiweyo ezibhabhayo ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo (±3mm).
Uvavanyo Olungonakalisiyo:
●Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT):Ukuhlolwa kwe-100% komthungo we-weld kunye nomzimba wepayipi ukujonga ii-laminations, i-inclusions, kunye nokungabikho kwe-fusion.
●Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET):Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wokuwelda kwi-intanethi rhoqo.
●Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic:Umbhobho ngamnye uvavanywe kwi-95% ye-SMYS ubuncinane imizuzwana eli-10.
Ukugqiba Ukugqiba:Iziphelo ezingenanto, iziphelo ezibhityileyo (30°-35° kunye nokufika kwe-1.6mm), okanye iziphelo ezinemisonto ngokweemfuno zomthengi.
Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokumakishwa:Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu (OD, WT, ubude, ukuthe tye), kunye nophawu olusisigxina ngokomgangatho (umgangatho, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, umenzi).
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (i-OES Spectrometer) | Qinisekisa ukuthobela imida yokwakheka kwe-API 5L |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Qinisekisa isivuno, amandla okutsalwa, ubude |
| Kwinkqubo | Uhlolo lweMilinganiselo (iiMicrometer, iiCalipers) | Jonga i-OD, i-WT ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Kwi-intanethi | Fumanisa ukungaqhubeki kwe-weld, ukungabikho kokudibana |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (ET) - Kwi-intanethi | Ukubeka esweni umgangatho womthungo we-weld rhoqo |
| Indawo yokuWelda | Uvavanyo lweMacro lweWeld Seam | Qinisekisa ukungena kwe-weld kunye ne-fusion geometry |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (imizuzwana eli-10 kwi-95% SMYS) | Qinisekisa ukuthembeka koxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kokuvuza |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT) - Ngaphandle koMgca (Ukhetho) | Ukuhlolwa kwe-laminar yomzimba wonke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uhlolo lweeNgcawu zeMagnetic (MPI) | Ukufunyanwa kweentanda zomphezulu (ukuwelda kunye neHAZ) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lweCharpy V-Notch Impact | Qinisekisa ubulukhuni obuphantsi kobushushu (PSL2) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni (HRC / HV10) | Qinisekisa imida yobunzima obukhulu (inkonzo emuncu) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Gond oluQondisiweyo (Ubuso kunye neNgcambu) | Qinisekisa ukuba i-weld ductility kunye ne-vintage |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lokuTyatya | Qinisekisa ukuba umzimba wombhobho uqinile kwaye uqinile |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uhlolo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokubonakalayo | Qinisekisa i-OD, i-WT, ubude, ukuthe tye, umgangatho womphezulu |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukuqinisekiswa kokumakisha | Qinisekisa ukuba uphawu olusisigxina luyi-5L nganye kwi-API nganye |
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwePSL2 / Inkonzo eSour:
● Uvavanyo lwe-HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0284
● Uvavanyo lwe-SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A
● Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo yeCVN kwi -10°C, -20°C, okanye -46°C
● Ukuqinisekiswa koBulukhuni (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 yokumelana ne-HIC)
Amaxwebhu oMgangatho:
● Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo olusebenzisa amanzi (umbhobho ngombhobho)
● Ingxelo yoHlolo lwe-UT / ET
Ukulandeleka ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo
8. Izicelo eziphambili ze-ERW Steel Pipe
Imibhobho ye-ERW zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni kweoyile negesi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo:
Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile negesi:Iipayipi ezikude ezisebenza elunxwemeni naselunxwemeni zeoyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye neemveliso zepetroleum ezicociweyo.
Ukuthuthwa kolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu:Imigca yokufaka amanzi, iinkqubo zokulahla amanzi eziveliswayo, kunye nokudluliselwa kolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiindawo zeoyile kunye neendawo zokucubungula.
Iiprojekthi zeMibhobho yaseLwandle:Imigca yokuqokelelana phakathi kwamazwe, imigca yetrunk, kunye nemibhobho yokusasaza kwiindawo zeoyile negesi.
Iinkqubo zeMibhobho zaseLwandle:Iindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, iindlela zokunyusa amanzi, kunye nemibhobho yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiiplatifomu zaselwandle kunye nokugqitywa kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle (kunye nePSL2 kunye neendlela zenkonzo ezimuncu).
Iindawo zeNkonzo eziMnandi:Iipayipi ezisebenzisa igesi emuncu emanzi (equlethe i-H₂S) ezifuna i-PSL2 eneemfuno ezongezelelweyo kuquka ukumelana ne-HIC kunye ne-SSC ngokwemigangatho ye-NACE.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi:Imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi enobukhulu obukhulu, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi aluhlaza ukuze asetyenziswe ngumasipala nakwimizi-mveliso.
Unyango lweMijelo yamanzi amdaka kunye namanzi amdaka:Iintambo zokukhupha ukungcola, imibhobho yezityalo zonyango, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha udaka.
Izicelo zeZakhiwo zeMizi-mveliso:Iirakhi zemibhobho, izixhaso, izixhobo zokuxhasa, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha kwiindawo zokucocisa, kwizityalo zepetrochemical, nakwizakhiwo zoshishino.
Izixhobo zokuCoca ioyile negesi:Imigca yokuhamba kwamanzi, ii-headers, ii-manifolds, kunye neepayipi ezidibanisayo kwiindawo zokucubungula kunye nezikhululo ze-compressor.
I-EPC kunye neMibhobho yeZityalo:Imibhobho yenkqubo kunye neenkonzo zombane kwiindawo zokucoca, kwizikhululo zokucubungula igesi, kwiikhompleksi zeekhemikhali, nakwizibonelelo zokuvelisa umbane.
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa
Iipayipi ze-ERW ziyapakishwa kwaye zithunyelwa ngononophelo olukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwazo ngexesha lokuhamba. Nantsi inkcazo yenkqubo yokupakisha nokuthumela:
Ukupakisha:
Ukwaleka okuKhuselekileyo:Ngaphambi kokupakisha, imibhobho inokugqunywa ngomaleko omncinci weoyile yokulwa nomhlwa okanye ivanishi yokukhusela ukuthintela ukugqwala komphezulu kunye ne-oxidation ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokuthuthwa. Isiphelo esingenanto sikwafumaneka ukuze sisetyenziswe ngoko nangoko kwindawo oya kuyo.
Ukudibanisa:Iipayipi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kunye neenkcukacha ezifanayo zihlanganiswa ngononophelo zibe ziibhanti ezizinxantathu okanye ezizinxantathu. Ziqiniswe kusetyenziswa iibhanti zentsimbi (ngesiqhelo iibhanti ezi-3-5 ngebhanti nganye) ukuthintela intshukumo ngaphakathi kwibhanti.
Iintloko zokuphela:Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki (PE okanye PP) zibekwe kuzo zombini iziphelo zombhobho ngamnye ukukhusela iziphelo ezibhityileyo, iziphelo ezicacileyo, kunye noqhagamshelo olunemisonto kumonakalo obangelwe yimpembelelo, ukungena kwenkunkuma, kunye nokufuma.
Ukugquma kunye nokugquma:Kwiiodolo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izinto zokugquma ezifana neeringi zefoam okanye imicu yerabha zingasetyenziswa phakathi kweengqimba zemibhobho ukuthintela ukurhawuzelelwa kunye nokonakala kwengubo ngexesha lokuphathwa.
Iibhokisi okanye iiCases zoMthi:Kwiipayipi ezibhityileyo, iityhubhu ezichanekileyo, okanye iiodolo zokugquma eziphezulu, iipayipi zinokupakishwa kwiikreyithi zokhuni eziqinileyo okanye kwiikheyiphu zeplywood ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo kwimikhosi yangaphandle kunye nokuphathwa rhabaxa.
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
Indlela Yothutho:Iipayipi zithunyelwa ngeenqanawa zesikhongozeli (20ft/40ft), izithuthi ezinkulu, okanye imithwalo kaloliwe kuxhomekeke kwindawo oya kuyo, umthamo, kunye nokungxamiseka. Imithwalo emoyeni iyafumaneka ukuze isampuli okanye ithunyelwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukufakwa kwiikhonteyina:Iiodolo ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ezilayishwa kwiikhonteyina zokuthutha eziqhelekileyo, zikhusela imithwalo kwimozulu, ukufuma, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo zangaphandle ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukulayisha inqanawa enkulu:Ii-odolo ezinkulu (ezihlala zingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-200) zilayishwa ngqo kwiinqwelo zokuthwala impahla ezinkulu. Iiplanga zokuphakamisa kunye neebhari zokusasaza zithintela umonakalo; zigubungele kwaye zibophe imithwalo ekhuselekileyo elwandle.
Ukubhala iilebheli kunye namaxwebhu:Iphakheji nganye ibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngomgangatho, umgangatho, ubungakanani, inombolo yobushushu, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha. Amaxwebhu apheleleyo (i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yemithwalo, iSatifikethi seMvelaphi, iZatifikethi zoVavanyo lweMill) alungiselelwe ukususwa kwempahla ngendlela ethe tye.
Ukubopha Okukhuselekileyo:Iibhanti zibotshelelwe ngentambo yentsimbi, iingxowa ze-dunnage, okanye izixhobo zokubopha iinkuni ukuthintela ukushukuma, ukuqengqeleka, okanye ukonakala ngexesha lokuhamba.
Ukulandelela kunye ne-inshurensi:Iinombolo zokulandelela iikhonteyina zibonelelwe ukuze kujongwe ngexesha langempela. I-inshurensi yemithwalo yaselwandle (Yonke Ingozi okanye Ngomndilili) iyafumaneka xa iceliwe.
Ngamafutshane, iWomic Steel iqinisekisa ukuba zonke iipayipi ze-ERW Steel zipakishwe ngamanyathelo okukhusela aphambili kushishino kwaye zithunyelwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zothutho ezithembekileyo ukuze zifike kwindawo eziya kuyo zikwimeko efanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha nokuthumela zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ezihanjiswayo.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye nemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Kutheni Usebenzisana neWomic Steel?
Ivenkile Enendawo Yonke:Uluhlu olupheleleyo ukusuka kwimibhobho ye-API 5L ERW ukuya kwizixhobo zepayipi ze-OEM ezifanayo (ii-Elbows, ii-Tees, ii-Reducers, ii-Flanges, ii-Caps) kwiindidi zezinto ezihambelanayo, kubandakanya intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ye-alloy, kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Ukuthobela uMthetho woBugcisa:Izatifikethi zoVavanyo olupheleleyo lweMill (EN 10204 Uhlobo 2.2, 3.1, okanye 3.2) zibonelelwa ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye, zichaza ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lweekhemikhali, iziphumo zovavanyo loomatshini, kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezingonakalisiyo.
Iinkonzo ezongeziweyo ngexabiso:Ukubeka imiphetho (30°-35°), ukufaka imisonto kunye nokudibanisa, ukufakelwa kwee-caps zeplastiki, kunye ne-anti-corrosion coating (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) ziyafumaneka ngaphakathi okanye ngezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zamaqabane.
Ukhuphiswano lwezothutho:Intsebenziswano enobuchule kunye nabathuthi bempahla kwihlabathi liphela iqinisekisa ukulayisha okungcono kweekhonteyina (ukwandisa ubungakanani kwikhonteyina nganye) kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela okungabizi kakhulu kunye namaxesha okuhamba athembekileyo.
Uluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo:Isitokhwe esikhulu seesayizi eziqhelekileyo ze-API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, iShedyuli 10-80) siqinisekisa amaxesha amafutshane okukhokela kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ezingxamisekileyo. Ubukhulu obulungiselelweyo obuveliswa xa kufuneka ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhokela leentsuku ezingama-30-45.
Amandla eNkonzo eSour:Amandla apheleleyo okubonelela ngemibhobho yePSL2 enovavanyo lweHIC kunye neSSC ngokwemigangatho ye-NACE yokusetyenziswa kwegesi emuncu. Ukuqina kulawulwa ukuya kwi-≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Khetha iWomic Steel Group njengeqabane lakho elithembekileyo leeMbhobho zeNsimbi ze-API 5L X52 ERW ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhambisa. Wamkelekile ukubuza!
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Umnxeba/i-WhatsApp/i-WeChat:
UVictor: +86-15575100681
UJack: +86-18390957568
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-EN 10217 P235GH kunye ne-EN 10216 P235GH?
A: Iikhava ze-EN 10217edityanisiweyoiityhubhu zentsimbi (inkqubo ye-ERW/HFW), ngelixa i-EN 10216 igubungelaingenamthungoIityhubhu zentsimbi. Zombini ezi migangatho zichaza umgangatho we-P235GH oneemfuno ezifanayo zeekhemikhali nezoomatshini. I-EN 10217 (edityanisiweyo) ngokubanzi ixabisa kancinci kwaye ifumaneka ngobude obude. I-EN 10216 (engenamthungo) iyafuneka kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye apho umthungo we-weld ungavumelekanga yikhowudi yoyilo. Kwizicelo ezininzi zebhoyila kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo, zombini ziyamkeleka; nangona kunjalo, i-seamless idla ngokukhethwa kwinkonzo ebalulekileyo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Q: Ingakanani iqondo lobushushu lokusebenza eliphezulu le-P235GH?
A: I-P235GH ifanelekile ukusebenza rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi400°C. Kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-400°C nama-500°C, kucetyiswa i-P265GH okanye i-16Mo3 (intsimbi ye-alloy). Kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-500°C, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe amazinga aphezulu e-alloy afana ne-13CrMo4-5 okanye i-10CrMo9-10. Soloko ujonga iikhowudi zoyilo ezifanelekileyo (EN 13445, i-ASME Section I, njl.njl.) ukuze ufumane imida ethile yobushushu esekwe kubukhulu bodonga kunye neemeko zenkonzo.
Q: Ngaba i-P235GH ingasetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwe-ASME Code?
A: I-P235GH ayidweliswanga ngokuthe ngqo kwiCandelo lesiBini le-ASME (iinkcazo zezinto ze-ASME). Nangona kunjalo, yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe phantsi kwemigangatho ye-EN. Kwi-ASME Code stamping, izinto ezifanayo ziquka i-SA-106 GR.B (engenamthungo) okanye i-SA-53 GR.B (edibeneyo) eneempawu ezifanayo kodwa uyilo olwahlukileyo luvumelekile. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna izinto ze-ASME, singabonelela nge-SA-106 GR.B okanye i-SA-178 GR.A njengezinye iindlela. Nceda unikeze iinkcukacha zeprojekthi yakho ukuze ukhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweP235GH kunye neP265GH?
A: I-P235GH inamandla okuvelisa aphantsi angama-235 MPa, ngelixa i-P265GH ine-265 MPa (amandla aphezulu). I-P235GH inika ukwakheka okungcono kunye nokudityaniswa ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi (0.16% max vs 0.20% max). I-P235GH idla ngokusetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluphakathi lobushushu/uxinzelelo (iibhoyila, ii-heat exchangers). I-P265GH isetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluphezulu loxinzelelo apho kufuneka amandla ongezelelweyo. Zombini zinemida efanayo yobushushu obuphezulu (400°C).
Q: Loluphi uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (NDT) olufunekayo kwi-EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Kwi-TC1 (Udidi loVavanyo 1): Kufuneka uvavanyo olubonakalayo kunye novavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. Kwi-TC2 (Udidi loVavanyo 2): Uvavanyo olubonakalayo, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, kunye novavanyo olungonakalisiyo lwe-100% (UT okanye ET) lomthungo we-weld. Kwizicelo zoxinzelelo olubalulekileyo, i-TC2 idla ngokuchazwa. I-Womic Steel inokubonelela ngamanqanaba e-TC1 kunye ne-TC2. Kwisatifikethi se-EN 10204 3.2, i-TC2 enobungqina bomntu wesithathu idla ngokufuneka.
Q: Bungakanani ubude obuphezulu obufumanekayo kwipayipi ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: Sibonelela ngobude obumiselweyo obungaguqukiyo beemitha ezi-6 kunye neemitha ezili-12 (malunga neenyawo ezingama-20 kunye nama-40) kwiimitha ezifikelela kwi-610mm (24"). Kwiimitha ezincinci (ngaphantsi kwe-168mm / 6"), ubude obulungiselelweyo obufikelela kwi-18 yeemitha (iinyawo ezingama-60) buyafumaneka xa buceliwe. Kwii-boiler kunye ne-heat exchanger ezifuna ubude obuthile be-U-bend, singasebenzisana nezibonelelo zokugoba zamaqabane. Nceda unikezele ngeemfuno zakho zobude obuthile.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela ngovavanyo lomntu wesithathu kwiipayipi ze-EN 10217 P235GH?
A: Ewe. Siyamkela kwaye siququzelela uhlolo olwenziwe yi-DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, okanye nawuphi na ummeli otyunjwe ngumthengi ngexesha lokuvelisa (ukubona uvavanyo lwe-hydro, UT/ET, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu) nangaphambi kokuthunyelwa. 3.2 Izatifikethi zovavanyo eziqinisekiswe ziimibutho zangaphandle ezigunyazisiweyo zinikezelwa rhoqo xa ziceliwe. Ukuze kuthotyelwe imiyalelo yezixhobo zoxinzelelo zaseYurophu (PED), sinikezela ngophawu lwe-CE kunye neSibhengezo sokuSebenza (DoP).
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa imibhobho ye-EN 10217 P235GH ERW?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufumana i-oda kwiisayizi zesitokhwe (iidayamitha eziqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bodonga) limalunga neentsuku ezili-15-25. Kwiisayizi ezingezizo ezesitokhwe okanye ezenzelwe wena, ixesha lokufumana i-oda limalunga neentsuku ezingama-30-45 ukusuka ekuqinisekisweni kwe-oda. Kwi-TC2 ene-100% NDT, yongeza iintsuku ezi-5-10. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu (isiqinisekiso se-3.2), yongeza iintsuku ezili-10-15 zokucwangcisa kunye noxwebhu. Ii-oda ezikhawulezayo (iintsuku ezili-15-20) zinokufumaneka kwiisayizi ezincinci zeesayizi eziqhelekileyo. Nceda unxibelelane nathi ngamaxesha angoku okufumana i-oda.
Q: Zeziphi iziqinisekiso kunye namaxwebhu eniwabonelelayo ngokuthunyelwa kwemibhobho ye-P235GH?
A: Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kuquka amaxwebhu apheleleyo: Isatifikethi soVavanyo lweMill ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (okanye Uhlobo 2.2 / 3.2 xa luceliwe) kubandakanya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zokuxinana, iimpawu zobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwempembelelo; Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweHydrostatic; Ingxelo ye-NDT (UT/ET) yee-odolo ze-TC2; Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweDimensional; Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye nokuBhengeza ukusebenza (i-DoP) kwimarike yaseYurophu; Uluhlu lokuPakisha; I-invoyisi yoRhwebo; Ibhili yoLayisho; kunye neSatifikethi seMvelaphi (ukuba iyafuneka).
Q: Ngaba nibonelela ngeenkonzo zokusika ubude kunye ne-U-bend kwiityhubhu ze-P235GH?
A: Ewe. Sinikezela ngokusika ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kubude obuchanekileyo obuchazwe ngumthengi kunye nokunyamezela okuqinileyo (ngesiqhelo ±3mm) kunye neziphelo ezicocekileyo, ezingenayo i-burr. Kwizicelo zokutshintsha ubushushu, singasebenzisana nezibonelelo zokugoba zamaqabane kwiityhubhu ze-U-bend (ukugoba okubandayo) ezine-radii egobileyo elawulwayo kunye ne-ovality encinci. Iityhubhu ze-U-bend zinokubonelelwa nge-annealing okanye ngaphandle kwayo emva kokugoba. Nceda unikeze imizobo yakho yokugoba ngokweemfuno zakho.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemeko yokuhanjiswa kwempahla eqhelekileyo (+N) kunye nemeko yokuhanjiswa kwempahla edibeneyo?
A: Unyango lobushushu oluqhelekileyo (+N) (890-930°C) luvelisa isakhiwo se-ferrite-pearlite esifanayo, luphucula ukuqina kunye nokuqina, kwaye lunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-welding olushiyekileyo. Imeko ye-As-welded inexinzelelo eziphezulu ze-residue kwaye inokuba nesakhiwo se-grain esingalinganiyo kangako. Kwizicelo zoxinzelelo,yenziwe yaqhelekileyoidla ngokufuneka ngokwe-EN 10217-2 ukuqinisekisa iipropati ezifanelekileyo zenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. I-Womic Steel inika i-P235GH kwimeko eqhelekileyo njengomgangatho wokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo.
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