Iityhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu apho iityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni zisenokungasaboneleli ngamandla aneleyo oomatshini okanye uzinzo lobushushu. Ezi tyhubhu zenzelwe ngokukodwaii-superheaters, ii-reheaters, ii-heat exchangers, kunye neenkqubo ze-boiler zobushushu obuphezuluezisebenza kwizikhululo zamandla, kwizakhiwo ze-petrochemical, nakwizixhobo zokufudumeza izixhobo zokucoca.
Xa kuthelekiswa neetyhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezifanaI-ASTM A192 kunye ne-ASTM A210, iityhubhu zentsimbi ye-alloy ezichazwe phantsiIinkcukacha ze-ASTM A213ibonelela ngokumelana okuphucukileyo kakhulu nokuqhekeka, i-oxidation, kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu bexesha elide. Ngenxa yezi nzuzo, iityhubhu ze-ASTM A213 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zebhoyila zanamhlanje apho amaqondo obushushu anokudlula amakhulu aliqela eedigri zeCelsius kangangexesha elide lokusebenza.
Njengomsebenzi oqeqeshiweyoumenzi wetyhubhu yebhoyila, I-Womic Steel ivelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweetyhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy, kuquka amanqanaba afanaT5, T9, T11, T12, T22, T91, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ze-alloy ezinobushushu obuphezuluEzi tyhubhu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiityhubhu ze-superheater, iityhubhu zokubuyisela i-heater, kunye neetyhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushukwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zamandla zehlabathi kunye nezoshishino.
Inkcazo ye-ASTM A213 igubungela iityhubhu zentsimbi ze-ferritic kunye ne-austenitic alloy ezilungiselelwe inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu. Inkcazo ibandakanya amanqanaba ezinto ezininzi ezenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Amanye amanqanaba enzelwe iimeko zobushushu obuphakathi, ngelixa amanye enzelwe ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane eziphambili.
Iindidi zentsimbi ye-alloy ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi komgangatho we-ASTM A213 ziquka iintsimbi ze-alloy ze-chromium-molybdenum ezininzi ezibonelela ngokumelana okuphuculweyo kwi-deformation yobushushu obuphezulu. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhoyila zezityalo zamandla kuba i-chromium iphucula ukumelana ne-oxidation ngelixa i-molybdenum inyusa amandla okuqhekeka.
Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ASTM A213 zentsimbi ye-alloy ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
| Ibanga le-ASTM A213 | Izinto eziphambili ze-Alloy | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| T5 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Izitshintshi zobushushu, iibhoyila zobushushu obuphakathi |
| T9 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Imibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu |
| T11 | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | Iibhoyila zesityalo samandla |
| T12 | I-Chromium-Molybdenum | Izixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu |
| T22 | 2.25Cr-1Mo | Iityhubhu zeSuperheater kunye nereheater |
| T91 | Intsimbi ye-alloy ephucukileyo | Iibhoyila ezibaluleke kakhulu |
Phakathi kwezi zinto,Iityhubhu zentsimbi ze-alloy ze-ASTM A213 T11 kunye ne-ASTM A213 T22zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zebhoyila zoshishino. Ezi nqanaba zibonelela ngamandla amahle kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngelixa zigcina ukudityaniswa kakuhle kunye neempawu zokwenza.
Iityhubhu zentsimbi ye-alloy ye-ASTM A213 T11iqulethe malunga ne-1.25% ye-chromium kunye ne-0.5% ye-molybdenum. Olu lwakhiwo lubonelela ngokumelana okuphuculweyo kwe-oxidation kubushushu obuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezifanaI-ASTM A192 kunye ne-ASTM A210Iityhubhu ze-T11 zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiityhubhu zebhoyila, iityhubhu ze-superheater, kunye neetyhubhu ze-heat exchangerkwiindawo zokuvelisa umbane.
Iityhubhu zentsimbi ye-alloy ye-ASTM A213 T22ziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum, ngesiqhelo malunga ne-2.25% ye-chromium kunye ne-1% ye-molybdenum. Olu lwakhiwo lubonelela ngamandla okuqhekeka aphuculweyo kakhulu kunye nokuzinza kobushushu bexesha elide. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, iityhubhu ze-T22 zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiiinkqubo ze-superheater ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye neetyhubhu zokubuyisela i-heaterkwizikhululo zamandla zanamhlanje.
Umahluko kwiikhemikhali phakathi kweetyhubhu zentsimbi ze-alloy ze-T11 kunye ne-T22 zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwazo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa uthelekiso olulula phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zibalulekileyo zeetyhubhu zebhoyila.
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Umxholo weChromium | Umxholo weMolybdenum | Uluhlu lobushushu oluqhelekileyo |
| T11 | ~1.25% | ~0.5% | Ubushushu obuphakathi-obuphezulu |
| T22 | ~2.25% | ~1.0% | Usetyenziso lobushushu obuphezulu |
Ngenxa yokwanda komxholo we-alloy,Iityhubhu ze-T22 ngokubanzi zibonelela ngamandla angcono obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokurhubuluza kuneetyhubhu ze-T11Nangona kunjalo, iityhubhu ze-T11 zisasetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokudibanisa kwazo amandla, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweetyhubhu zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy iqala ngeebhilethi zentsimbi ye-alloy ezikhethwe ngononophelo. Ezi bilethi kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezichazwe ngumgangatho we-ASTM. Nje ukuba izinto zebilethi ziqinisekiswe, ziyafudunyezwa kwaye zigqojozwe ukuze zenze igobolondo letyhubhu elingenanto kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokubhoboza eshushu efana nezinye iindlela zokwenza iityhubhu ezingenamthungo.
Emva kokuba ityhubhu yokuqala engenanto ivelisiwe, ukucubungula okungakumbi kunokubandakanya ukuqengqeleka okushushu okanye ukutsalwa okubandayo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zobukhulu bemveliso yokugqibela.Umzobo obandayo udla ngokusetyenziswa xa kufuneka ubungakanani obuphezulu bokuchaneka, ngakumbi kwiiityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho yebhoyilaapho kufuneka ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo.
I-Womic Steel isebenzisa imigca yemveliso yeetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ephucukileyo ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iityhubhu zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 ethambileyo etsalwa ngokucokisekileyo.Ezi zixhobo zokwenza ziquka oomatshini banamhlanje bokuzoba ubushushu, izitofu zonyango lobushushu, izixhobo zokulungisa, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola ezingonakalisiyo. Ngeenkqubo zokwenza ezilawulwayo, iWomic Steel iqinisekisa iipropati zoomatshini ezihambelanayo kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu kwityhubhu nganye yebhoyila yentsimbi ye-alloy.
Unyango lobushushu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweetyhubhu zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy. Iintsimbi ze-alloy ezifana ne-T11 kunye ne-T22 zifuna unyango lobushushu olulawulwa ngononophelo ukuze kufezekiswe ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Iinkqubo zokulungisa kunye nokulungisa zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokuguqulwa kobushushu.
Ukongeza kulawulo lokwenziwa kwemveliso, kufuneka iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuhlola umgangatho kwiityhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-alloy. Ngenxa yokuba ezi tyhubhu zisebenza kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu, naziphi na iziphene kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokubangela ukuba izixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle.
Iinkqubo zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
• Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound ukuze kufunyanwe iziphene zangaphakathi
• Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy lokujonga iziphene zomphezulu
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo olusebenzisa amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumelana noxinzelelo
• Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye novavanyo lweempawu zoomatshini
At Intsimbi yeWomic, yonke ibhetshi yeetyhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 alloy ihlolwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe. Le nkampani igcina izixhobo zovavanyo eziphambili kunye namaqela okuhlola anamava ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kuqukaI-ASTM A213, i-ASTM A210, i-ASTM A192, kunye ne-EN10216 P235GH.
Iityhubhu zentsimbi ze-ASTM A213 ze-alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zebhoyila zanamhlanje zezityalo zamandla. Kwezi zakhiwo, iityhubhu zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeiityhubhu ze-superheater, iityhubhu ze-reheater, kunye neetyhubhu zokudlulisa ubushushu obuphezuluEzi zixhobo zisebenza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo apho amaqondo obushushu anokudlula i-500°C okanye ngaphezulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane eziphambili.
Ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokurhubuluza kakuhle kunye namandla obushushu aphezulu, izinto ezifanaI-ASTM A213 T11 kunye ne-ASTM A213 T22zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwezi nkqubo ixesha elide. Amandla eetyhubhu zentsimbi ye-alloy okumelana nemijikelo yoxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nokuvezwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kweebhoyila kunye nezitshintshi zobushushu kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Ukongeza kwizixhobo zokuvelisa umbane, iityhubhu zentsimbi ze-ASTM A213 alloy nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-iindawo zokucoca ioyile, izityalo zepetrochemical, kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza kwimizi-mvelisoEzi shishini zifuna izixhobo zokufaka iityhubhu ezinokuthenjwa ezikwaziyo ukuphatha ulwelo olushushu kakhulu kunye neendawo ezingcolisayo ngelixa zigcina ulwakhiwo lusemgangathweni.
Ngamava amaninzi ekuveliseni iityhubhu ezingenamthungo,I-Womic Steel ibonelela ngeetyhubhu zentsimbi ye-ASTM A213 ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubathengi bemizi-mveliso yehlabathiLe nkampani ibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zebhoyila kuqukaIityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni ze-ASTM A192, iityhubhu zebhoyila ze-ASTM A210, iityhubhu zentsimbi ye-alloy ye-ASTM A213, kunye neetyhubhu zebhoyila ezingenamthungo ze-EN10216 P235GH.
Ukongeza kwiityhubhu ezithe tye eziqhelekileyo, iWomic Steel ikwabonelelaiinkonzo zokwenza ngokwezifiso iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu, kuqukaIityhubhu ze-U bend, iityhubhu ze-serpentine, iityhubhu ze-multi-bend, kunye neendibano zetyhubhu ezikhethekileyo ezimile okwesimoEzi zisombululo zenziwe ngokwezifiso zixhasa iinkampani zobunjineli kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo ekuyileni iinkqubo zokudlulisa ubushushu ezisebenzayo.
Njengoko iziseko zamandla emizi-mveliso ziqhubeka nokukhula, imfuno yezinto ezinokuthenjwa zokufaka iityhubhu ezinobushushu obuphezulu isaqhubeka inamandla. Iityhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-alloy ezenziwe ngokwemigaqo ye-ASTM A213 ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane kwanamhlanje, ekucutshungulweni kwe-petrochemical, nakwiinkqubo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu kwimizi-mveliso.
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephucukileyo, iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokulawula umgangatho, kunye namava amaninzi ekuveliseni iityhubhu ezingenamthungo,I-Womic Steel iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngeetyhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-alloy esebenza kakuhle kwiiprojekthi zoshishino zehlabathiIzinto ezifana ne-ASTM A213 T11 kunye ne-T22 zisabalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zebhoyila zanamhlanje.
Umenzi weWomic Steel Boiler Tube - Ulwazi loQhagamshelwano
I-Womic Steel ngumvelisi ochwephesha ogxile kwiityhubhu zebhoyila ezingenamthungo, iityhubhu ezichanekileyo ezitsalwa ngokubandayo, iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu, kunye neetyhubhu ze-U bend kwiiprojekthi zoshishino zehlabathi. Ngezixhobo zemveliso eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezingqongqo, i-Womic Steel inikezela ngezisombululo zeetyhubhu ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezihambelana nemigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe kuquka i-ASTM A192, i-ASTM A210, i-ASTM A213, i-EN10216 P235GH, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi engagqwali.
Njengomvelisi weetyhubhu zebhoyila onamava, iWomic Steel ibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana neetyhubhu zebhoyila ezingenamthungo, iityhubhu ezitsalwa ngokubandayo, iityhubhu zebhoyila zentsimbi ye-alloy, iityhubhu zokutshintsha ubushushu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye neetyhubhu ze-U bend ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamandla, kwiibhoyila zoshishino, kwizibonelelo zepetrochemical, kwiindawo zokucoca, nakwiinkqubo zokutshintsha ubushushu.
I-Womic Steel inako ukuvelisa iimilo zeetyhubhu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuquka iityhubhu ze-U, iityhubhu ze-serpentine, iityhubhu ezigobileyo ezininzi, kunye neetyhubhu ze-coil, ixhasa iinkampani zobunjineli kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo abanomthamo wokuvelisa othembekileyo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo.
Ngamaqela emveliso angoochwephesha kunye nemigca yokuvelisa yanamhlanje, iWomic Steel iqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo, ubungakanani obuchanekileyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kwiprojekthi nganye.
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