Inkcazo emfutshane
Imveliso:Ityhubhu yentsimbi engenamthungo yeNickel engama-3.5% yobushushu obuphantsi – ASTM A334 Grade 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), itsalwa ngokubandayo, yenziwe yaqheleka kwaye ipholiswe ngomoya ukuze ityhubhu zentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye ne-alloy ezingenamthungo ezidityanisiweyo ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Inkcazo emfutshane yeMveliso:I-Womic Steel Group iseke amandla okuvelisa avuthiweyo, amakhulu kwiityhubhu ezingenanto ezinde kakhulu ze-3.5Ni – ezigubungela i-25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ubude bomntu ngamnye – ezihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokuqina okuphantsi kobushushu be-ASTM A334 Grade 3 ukuya kuthi ga kwi--101°C. Lo mgca wemveliso ujongana nokuxhomekeka kwembali kwiityhubhu ze-3.5Ni ezinobubanzi obuncinci, ezinde kakhulu. Intsimbi ye-nickel ye-3.5% inika ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi njenge--150°F (-101°C), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiiterminals ze-LNG, iiyunithi ze-ethylene cracker, izityalo zokwahlula umoya, kunye neeprojekthi ze-polar.
Ububanzi bangaphandle ukusuka kwi-10mm ukuya kwi-610mm (egoqwe ngobushushu), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-1.5mm ukuya kwi-25.4mm, ubude obubodwa ukuya kwi-24m. Uluhlu lwe-OD oluchanekileyo olutsalwe ngokubandayo: ukusuka kwi-6mm ukuya kwi-89mm, kunye nokunyamezela okuqinileyo okuphantsi njenge-±0.10mm.
Iqulethe malunga ne-3.5% ye-nickel, kunye nokwakheka kwe-nickel enekhabhoni ephantsi, ephezulu ukuze yomeleze kakhulu ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kwaye ithintele ukubhitya kobushushu obuphantsi kwi--101°C. Ukwakheka okuqhelekileyo: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
I-3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) ibekwe phakathi kwentsimbi eqhelekileyo enobushushu obuphantsi yeBanga lesi-6 (-45°C) kunye nentsimbi ephezulu ye-9% Ni Grade 8 (-196°C). Isebenza njengesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kuluhlu lweenkonzo oluphakathi kwe--50°C ukuya kwi--101°C.
Ihambelana ne-ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Grade 3, kunye ne-ASTM/ASME, PED, kunye ne-NACE MR0175 (xa iceliwe).
Ii-terminals ezifumana i-LNG zineepayipi ezincedisayo, iiyunithi ze-PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), ii-ethylene crackers, iiyunithi zokwahlukanisa umoya, kunye neenkqubo zepayipi zeplatifomu zaselwandle kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba.
Iqela leWomic Steelngumvelisi okhethekileyo kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele weetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ezishushu kancinci, iipayipi ezichanekileyo ezinobubanzi obuncinci, kunye neetyhubhu ezinde ezingenamthungo. Ngobuchule bokuzoba okubandayo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, iityhubhu zethu ezingenamthungo ze-3.5Ni zenkonzo ye--101°C ngoku ziyafumaneka kwiiodolo ezinkulu. Izatifikethi zeMill, uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kunye ne-hydrostatic lwe-100%, ukuchongwa kwezinto ezilungileyo, kunye neengxelo zokuhlolwa ezipheleleyo ezinokulandelela ubushushu obunye ziyabonelelwa. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) kuyamkelwe. Amaxabiso anokhuphiswano kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Icandelo 1: Imvelaphi – Kutheni iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ze-3.5Ni kwi -101°C?
Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1930, xa i-United States yaqala ukuvelisa intsimbi ye-nickel eyi-3.5% yenkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi (ekugqibeleni yamiselwa ngokwemigangatho phantsi kwe-ASTM A334/A334M kunye ne-A333/A333M), iYurophu neJapan nazo ziye zaphuhlisa amanqanaba azo entsimbi ye-3.5Ni. Ezi zinto ziye zanceda kakhulu ii-ethylene crackers, uthutho lwe-LPG/LNG, izityalo zezichumiso, ukucubungula irabha, kunye namashishini e-gasification yamalahle.
Intsimbi ye-3.5Ni yintsimbi engaphantsi kwekhabhoni ephantsi, ene-nickel ephezulu enomxholo we-nickel (Ni) omalunga ne-3.5%. Ngokulungisa okanye ukulungisa kunye nokulungisa ubushushu, ibonelela ngesakhiwo esizinzileyo se-ferrite + bainite kunye nokuqina okugqwesileyo kwempembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi. Yinto eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela, esetyenziselwa imithambo yoxinzelelo kunye neenkqubo zepayipi kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi -101°C.
ETshayina, iipleyiti zentsimbi ze-3.5Ni kunye neeforgings ziye zafikelela kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso evuthiweyo nethembekileyo kangangeminyaka emininzi, zibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Nangona kunjalo, iityhubhu ezingenamthungo - ingakumbi iityhubhu ze-3.5Ni ezinobubanzi obuncinci, ezinde kakhulu - azikafumaneki kangako.
Ukugcwalisa esi sikhewu soshishino, iWomic Steel iseke umgca wemveliso ozinikeleyo osebenzisa ubuchule bayo obuphambili ekwenzeni iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo okuncinci, kunye netekhnoloji yokuzoba iityhubhu ezibandayo ezinde kakhulu. Emva kophuhliso lwenkqubo ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweebhetshi ezininzi, iityhubhu zethu ezingenamthungo ze-25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ezinde kakhulu ze-3.5Ni zingene kwimveliso enkulu, kwaye ibhetshi yokuqala ithunyelwe ngo-Epreli kumvelisi omkhulu wezixhobo zasekhaya. Ezi tyhubhu ziya kusetyenziswa kwiprojekthi yeRussian Arctic Circle.
Uvavanyo oluvunyiweyo kuzwelonke luqinisekisile ukuba zonke izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili - kuquka -101°C ubushushu obuphantsi beCharpy buchaphazela ukuqina, iimpawu zokuxinana kobushushu begumbi, ukuchaneka kobukhulu, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu - zihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno ze-ASTM A334 zeBanga lesi-3 kwaye ziyafana ngokupheleleyo namanqanaba aphambili kwihlabathi liphela.
Icandelo lesi-2: Uhlalutyo lweBanga lokuthelekisa – Ukukhetha iNsimbi yoBushushu obuphantsi obufanelekileyo
Iipayipi ezingenamthungo zentsimbi ephezulu ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi ziquka i-ASTM A333/A334 Amabanga 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, kunye ne-11. Phakathi kwazo, Amabanga 3, 4, 7, kunye ne-8 zezona zichazwe kakhulu kwinkonzo yobushushu obuphakathi nobuqatha. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kubushushu obuncinci obufunekayo benkonzo, uxinzelelo loyilo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika uthelekiso olupheleleyo lweeklasi zentsimbi eziphambili ezinobushushu obuphantsi, kubandakanya ukulinganiswa kobushushu obufanelekileyo, iimpawu zoomatshini (ukutsalwa kunye namandla okuvelisa), kunye nokusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo. Olu thelekiso luya kunceda ukucacisa imeko yemarike yentsimbi ye-3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Grade 3) xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto.
Itheyibhile: Uthelekiso lweNsimbi yoBushushu obuphantsi lwe-ASTM A333/A334
| Ukubekwa kweBanga | Ubushushu obuphantsi beNkonzo | Umxholo we-Ni | Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | Ukwandiswa | Uhlobo kunye nezicelo zeSitshixo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibanga lesi-6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Intsimbi yeManganese eneKhabhoni ephantsi. Eyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Unyango lwamanzi, ifriji ngokubanzi, imibhobho yemozulu ebandayo. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | Intsimbi yeNickel eyi-3.5%. Ixabiso layo liphantsi kakhulu ukusuka kuluhlu lwe -50°C ukuya ku -101°C. Iiyunithi zePDH, izityalo ze-ethylene, iiyunithi zokwahlukanisa umoya, imibhobho yeArctic. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Intsimbi yeCarbon ebuleweyo. Isakhiwo se-matrix esinomlinganiselo omncinci we-ferrite. Ukuqina okuncinci kubushushu obuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-3.5Ni. |
| Ibanga lesi-7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Intsimbi yeNickel eyi-2.5%. Ukhetho oluphakathi phakathi kweBanga lesi-6 kunye neBanga lesi-3. |
| Ibanga lesi-8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | Intsimbi yeNickel eyi-9%. Iqine kakhulu kwaye iphantsi kakhulu kubushushu. Imibhobho ephambili ye-LNG (-162°C). |
| Ibanga le-11 (Ukuqina Okuphezulu) | -196°C. Ifana neGr.8 | Ifana neGr.8 | Ifana neGr.8 | Ifana neGr.8 | Ifana neGr.8 | Yenziwe ngentsimbi ebuleweyo esemgangathweni ophezulu, esetyenziselwa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezishushu kakhulu. |
Icandelo 3: Ukwakhiwa kweeKhemikhali – Ulawulo oluQondileyo lwe-ASTM A334 Grade 3 Conformity
Isebenzisa amava avuthiweyo naqinisekisiweyo ngepleyiti yentsimbi ye-3.5Ni kunye nemveliso yeetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ezihot-rolled hot-rolled, iWomic Steel imisele uluhlu lweekhemikhali ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ngokukodwa kwinkqubo yeetyhubhu ezincinci ezitsalwa ngokubandayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuqina okuphezulu kubushushu obuphantsi ngelixa kugcinwa ukwenziwa okuzinzileyo kokutsalwa ngokubandayo.
| I-elementi | I-ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Ubuninzi/Okufunekayo) | Ithagethi yoYilo lweNsimbi yeWomic | Uhlalutyo lweLadle yokwenyani yeWomic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhabhoni (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| I-Silicon (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| IManganese (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| I-Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| I-Sulfur (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*Ukudibanisa umxholo wekhabhoni ephantsi (C ≤0.19%), iphosphorus kunye nesulfure ephantsi kakhulu (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), kunye nokongezwa kwe-nickel okuchanekileyo kwe-3.18-3.82% kususa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kobushushu obuphantsi kwi--101°C, ngelixa kuhlangabezana neemfuno zeekhemikhali ze-ASTM A334 Gr.3 kunye noomatshini kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokubanda ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzoba.*
Icandelo 4: Iipropati zoomatshini – Ukuthobela okuQinisekisiweyo kwe-ASTM A334 yeBanga lesi-3
Iimpawu zoomatshini zivavanyiwe kwityhubhu kamama (ubukhulu bodonga olupheleleyo) kunye netyhubhu egqityiweyo (umphezulu) emva konyango olufanayo lobushushu, kunye neesampuli ezithathwe kwibhetshi yemveliso eqhelekileyo.
Iipropati zokuThatha ubushushu begumbi
| Ipropati | Imfuneko ye-ASTM A334 Gr.3 | I-Womic Steel Real (Imveliso Eqhelekileyo) |
|---|---|---|
| Amandla okuVuna (isaphulelo se-0.2%) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Tensile strength | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Ukwandiswa (i-longitudinal) | ≥30% | 32 – 36% |
| Ukwandiswa (okunqamlezileyo) | ≥20% | 26 – 30% |
| Ubunzima (HB) | ≤190 | 160 – 175 |
Ulwakhiwo lweMetallographic
Emva kokulungisa ubushushu kwi-≥845°C kulandele ukupholisa umoya, ityhubhu egqityiweyo ibonise isakhiwo esincinci se-ferrite + bainite esinomlinganiselo wobukhulu beenkozo omalunga ne-ASTM No. 10 (inkozo ecociweyo kakhulu), nto leyo enegalelo ekuqineni kobushushu obuphantsi.
-101°C Ubushushu obuphantsi Ukuqina kweCharpy Impact
Ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo oluthe ngqo lwempembelelo yetyhubhu egqityiweyo eludongeni oluncinci (25x2mm) alunakwenzeka ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo (isampuli incinci kakhulu), iWomic Steel yathatha iisampulu zetyhubhu yomama ezinomlinganiselo ofanayo wobushushu, yazifaka kunyango lobushushu oluqhelekileyo olufana nolweetyhubhu ezigqityiweyo, yaza yazisebenzisa ngomatshini kwiisampuli zeCharpy V-notch ezinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-2.5x10x55mm. Uvavanyo lwempembelelo lwenziwa kubushushu obuphantsi nangakumbi be--117°C, obudlula imfuneko yoyilo lwe--101°C, ukubonisa umda wokhuseleko owaneleyo.
| Ubushushu bovavanyo | Isampulu 1 | Isampulu yesi-2 | Isampulu 3 | Imfuneko ye-ASTM (ubukhulu obuyi-2.5mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | Umyinge omncinci ≥5J; inye ≥4J |
Iziphumo zovavanyo lwempembelelo zidlula kakhulu iimfuno ezisezantsi ze-ASTM, zibonisa ukuqina okugqwesileyo kwesixhobo kubushushu obuphantsi kunye nomda wokhuseleko omkhulu ngaphaya kobushushu benkonzo obulinganiselweyo obuyi-101°C.
Icandelo 5: Inkqubo yoMveliso – Ukutsalwa okubandayo okuvuthiweyo kunye nonyango lobushushu kwiityhubhu ezincinci ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu
I-Womic Steel ivelisa iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ze-3.5Ni ezikumgangatho ophantsi zisebenzisa indlela yokuvelisa ephucukileyo ngokupheleleyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iimveliso zokugqiba ezinobubanzi obuncinci, obude kakhulu, nomphezulu ophezulu:
- Ukunyibilika kwe-Arc Furnace yoMbane + Ukucocwa kweLadle + Ukucocwa kweVacuum:Iqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-hydrogen, i-oxygen, kunye ne-nitrogen uphantsi kakhulu, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lwekhemistri (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Ukuphosa Okuqhubekayo + Ukuqengqeleka Kweentyatyambo:Ivelisa imingxunya yeetyhubhu ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nesandi esincinci sangaphakathi.
- Ukubhoboza Okushushu (Ukubhoboza Okunqamlezileyo):Iibhilethi zifudunyezwa kwisithando somlilo esisetyenziswa xa uhamba kwaye zigqojozwe kwiigobolondo ezinzima ezingenanto eludongeni xa kushushu kakhulu; ukungaqhelekanga kuyancitshiswa.
- Ukuphanga Okubandayo / Umzobo Obandayo– Iipasi ezininzi (ezine-intermediate annealing): Le yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa iityhubhu ezinde kakhulu. Kwisayizi yokugqibela ye-25x2mm, inkqubo idla ngokufuna iipasi ezintathu ezilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo zokutsala okubandayo, apho ipasi nganye iqinisa izinto. Phakathi kweepasi, iityhubhu ziyafakwa kwi-intermediate annealing ukubuyisela i-ductility kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka komsebenzi.
- Isisombululo sokuNxuluba (Ukulungisa):Ithwalwa kwi-atmosphere elawulwayo kwi-≥845°C, ilandelwe kukupholisa umoya ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lokusebenza kubanda kwaye kuphuculwe isakhiwo se-microstructure.
- Ukulungisa:Ukulungisa iirola ngokuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukunyamezela ukuthe tye kwe-≤1.5mm ngemitha nganye.
- Ukusika ubude nokuphela kokugqiba:Iisarha ezisikiweyo ezibhabhayo zisebenza ngobuchule obuphezulu; iziphelo ziyasuswa okanye zibekwe ngendlela ethambileyo njengoko kufuneka.
- I-100% NDT, Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic, kunye nokuMakisha:Ityhubhu nganye ivavanywa nge-ultrasound, ivavanywe nge-eddy current, kwaye ivavanywe ngoxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe umatshini wokugqibela ophantsi koxinzelelo.
- Umlinganiselo wokugqibela ofezekisiweyo:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WT × 22m ubude. Ubungakanani bomphezulu we-ID kunye ne-OD ≤1.4μm Ra, ihlangabezana nomgangatho wetyhubhu yokutshintsha ubushushu yeBakala 1 ngokwe-NB/T 47019.1-2021 (ukugqitywa komphezulu we-sub micrometer).
Icandelo 6: Ulawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo – Uqinisekiso olupheleleyo lokusebenza
Yonke imveliso yeetyhubhu ezingenamthungo ze-3.5Ni kubushushu obuphantsi ivavanywa ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Izatifikethi:Isatifikethi sovavanyo lokugaya ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1. Uhlobo 3.2 olunengqina lesithathu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) luyafumaneka xa luceliwe.
Ukuhambelana kweqela ngalinye:I-Womic Steel igcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zenani ngalinye lobushushu kunye nebhetshi nganye, iqinisekisa ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo kwetyhubhu nganye egqityiweyo.
Icandelo 7: Izicelo – Apho i-3.5Ni ASTM A334 Grade 3 Tubes Excel
Iityhubhu ezingenamthungo ze-3.5Ni ezikumgangatho ophantsi zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ixesha elide kuluhlu lweenkonzo oluphakathi kwe--45°C ukuya kwi--101°C, zivala umsantsa phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zeBanga lesi-6 kunye nezinto ezibiza kakhulu ze-9% Ni zeBanga lesi-8.
Ityhubhu ye-3.5Ni isebenza njengolona khetho lwezixhobo olungabizi kakhulu kuluhlu lobushushu oluphakathi kwe--50°C (iBanga lesi-6) kunye ne--196°C (iBanga lesi-9% leNi 8), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo esithandwayo kuninzi lwezicelo ze-petrochemical ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi.
Icandelo 8: Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Intsimbi Yomzimba Kwimibhobho Engenamthungo Engabushushu Buphantsi Ye-3.5Ni?
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Qhagamshelana neWomic Steel
Ukuba unemibuzo, inkxaso yobugcisa, okanye ucela ikowuteshini yeemfuno zakho ezithile zetyhubhu yobushushu obuphantsi be-3.5Ni phantsi kwe-ASTM A334 Grade 3 (okanye amanye amanqanaba obushushu obuphantsi), nceda unxibelelane nathi ngokuthe ngqo.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-24-2026