1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigca emininzi yemveliso ye-LSAW equka iindlela ezintathu zokuqala zokwakha kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo bodonga olunzima. Imveliso ye-X60 ifuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lwee-microalloying kunye neeparameter zokuqengqeleka ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu.
● Umgca we-JCOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50.8mm. I-JCO yenziwe inyathelo ngenyathelo ngokwandiswa koomatshini. Ukusebenza kakuhle, ijikelezile kakuhle. Ifanelekile kakhulu kwiindlela ezininzi zokufaka ii-trunk line ezikwi-offshore.
●Umgca we-UOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-40mm. Ukwakha u-U emva koko ukwakha u-O kunye nokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukuchaneka kobukhulu obuphezulu (±0.2% OD), kukhethwa kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu kunye nenkonzo emuncu. I-UOE yinkqubo ekhethwayo kwimigca ye-X60 ye-trunk.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqekileyo (Umthungo Omnye):Kwiidayamitha ezingama-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga buqala kwi-25mm ukuya kwi-70mm. Ipleyiti enye iqengqelwe kwisilinda ene-weld enye ende. Ilungele ubukhulu bodonga obunzima obungaphaya komthamo we-JCOE/UOE.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabini):Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-50.8mm ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm, kusetyenziswa iipleyiti ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo ngobude. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipayipi ezininzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-arctic.
Umthamo we-LSAW uwonke udlula iitoni ezingama-300,000 ngonyaka, kunye nemveliso ye-X60 ezinikeleyo edlula iitoni ezingama-80,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, kwaye ihlolwa rhoqo yi-ABS, DNV, TÜV, kunye ne-BV. Irekhodi yehlabathi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 aneepayipi ze-X60 ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 km ezibonelelweyo.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Ubunzima × ≤ 24m (ukwandiswa koomatshini kuphucula ukujikeleza ukuya kwi-±0.2%)
●Ipleyiti eqengqelekayo (umthungo omnye): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m (ubunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-25 ngejoyinti)
●Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo ophindwe kabini): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
Zonke iipayipi zinokubonelelwa nge-PWHT (unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda) ukuze kusetyenziswe udonga oluqinileyo okanye olumuncu. Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi lufumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi -46°C kunye ne -60°C kwiiprojekthi ze-arctic.
2. I-API 5L X60: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-API 5L X60 (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-L415 kwi-ISO 3183) ludidi lombhobho olunamandla aphezulu olusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumgama omde. Amandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-415 MPa (60,200 psi) kunye namandla okutsalwa angama-520 MPa (75,400 psi) avumela ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba aphantsi. I-X60 iveliswa kusetyenziswa ukuqengqeleka okulawulwayo kunye ne-microalloying ene-Nb, V, kunye ne-Ti ukufezekisa ulwakhiwo lwengqolowa entle.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, ubuninzi be-% ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-API 5L X60 PSL1 (ubuninzi %) | I-API 5L X60 PSL2 (ubuninzi %) |
| C | 0.22 (eqhelekileyo yi-0.10-0.12) | 0.12 (eqhelekileyo) |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| I-CEV | Ayichazwanga ngqo | ≤ 0.43 (eqhelekileyo ≤ 0.40) |
Kwi-PSL2, i-carbon equivalent (CEV) ilawulwa ngokungqongqo. I-Womic idla ngokugcina i-CEV ≤ 0.40% kwizicelo zenkonzo emuncu. I-Microalloying ene-Nb (0.03-0.05%) inika ukucocwa kweenkozo kunye nokuqina kwemvula.
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi):
| Ipropati | I-API 5L X60 PSL1 | I-API 5L X60 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | I-415 MPa (60,200 psi) | 415–565 MPa |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-520 MPa (75,400 psi) | 520–760 MPa |
| Ukwandiswa (umzuzu) | 20% (kwigeyiji ye-50mm) | 20% |
| Umlinganiselo weNzuzo (ubuninzi) | Ayichazwanga ngqo | 0.93 |
| Ubunzima (ubuninzi) | Ayichazwanga ngqo | 90 HRB |
| Ukuqina kwempembelelo (umzuzu) | Ayifuneki | 27 J @ 0°C (ukhetho -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Thelekisa ne-X52 kunye ne-X65:
| Ibanga | I-MPa yemveliso | I-MPa ethambileyo | Umlinganiselo wesivuno | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | ≤ 0.90 | Uxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphezulu, elunxwemeni |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Imigca yemithwalo yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, amanzi anzulu |
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (kwakhona ne-ISO 3183 L415) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo omnye/ophindwe kabini) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo: 25mm – 70mm (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m, 12m, 18m; Yandisiwe: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m (JCOE/UOE) okanye i-12m (udonga olunzima olujikeleziweyo) |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo esijijekileyo (BE) nge-API nganye yi-5L (i-bevel engama-30°, ubuso obuyi-1.6mm ingcambu) |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Ayinanto, itshiziweyo ngeoyile, i-3LPE, i-3LPP, i-FBE, i-Coal Tar Epoxy, i-Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm (nokuba yeyiphi na engaphantsi); Ubunzima: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X60 LSAW (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obukhethiweyo)
| OD (mm) | Iinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inkqubo | Ubunzima obumalunga (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Imigca esecaleni yegesi |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqokelela igesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigca yesiqu |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 98.6 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | I-UOE | 148.0 – 366.2 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Iintambo eziphambili zepetroli |
| 711 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | JCOE/UOE | 215.3 – 471.7 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqumla ilizwe |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0 | I-JCOE | 246.7 – 616.2 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enomthamo ophezulu |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0 | I-JCOE | 310.8 – 820.9 | 12m / 18m | Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0 | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo | 394.6 – 1,078.2 | 12m | Igesi yamanzi anzulu |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Imibhobho yeArctic |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 875.1 – 2,016.8 | 12m | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Iqengqelekile (kabini) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Iprojekthi ekhethekileyo |
Iipayipi ezinde eludongeni (≥ 32mm) zifuna i-PWHT ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo. Iipayipi ze-X60 zenkonzo emuncu zifuna ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB (target) kunye novavanyo lwe-HIC.
5. Imigangatho Eqhelekileyo kunye namaBanga – Umbhobho woMgca we-LSAW kunye noMbhobho woLwakhiwo
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNsimbi | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo Yokwenza |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X60, X65, X70 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X60, X65 | Inkonzo emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ISO 3183 | L415, L450, L485 | Iiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe | JCOE/UOE |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | L415, L450 | Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| EN 10217-1 | S275JR, S355JR | Iityhubhu zoxinzelelo | I-JCOE |
| EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Amacandelo ezakhiwo | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| I-ASTM A671 | CC60, CC65 | Ubushushu obuphantsi | Iqengqiwe |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | X60 | Iqonga laselunxwemeni | I-UOE |
Isishwankathelo sokusetyenziswa:Imigca yegesi yendalo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ekude, imibhobho yokuthumela igesi ngaphandle kolwandle, uthumelo lwegesi olunenkonzo emuncu, imibhobho ye-arctic, imibhobho yesitishi se-compressor, imigca yokufaka amanzi.
6. Iinkqubo zoMveliso – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) yeX60 Steel Pipe
I-Womic Steel ikhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kububanzi, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye neemfuno zepropathi yoomatshini. I-X60 ifuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lokufakwa kobushushu ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-SAW ukuze kuthintelwe ukuthamba kwendawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu.
Inkqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WIT):
● Ukusika umphetho wepleyiti (i-X okanye i-J bevel) ngokuchanekileyo ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba kwangaphambili (ukugoba) imiphetho ukuya kwi-radius yobukhulu bepleyiti eyi-1.5x
● Ukwakheka kobume buka-J (ukucinezela nge-punch) – i-1/3 yokuqala yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka kobume buka-C (uthotho lweedayi) – isiqingatha sesibini sesiqingatha somjikelezo
● Ukwakheka komfanekiso we-O (isilinda yokugqibela) – ukuvala umthungo
● Ukuwelda ngeetack (ukufaka ii-spot tacks rhoqo nge-300mm ecaleni komthungo)
● I-SAW yangaphakathi (i-single okanye i-multi-wire, i-heat input ilawulwa ukuya kwi-≤ 3.0 kJ/mm kwi-X60)
● Ukusika umqolo (i-air carbon arc okanye ukugaywa) ukuze kungene ngokupheleleyo
● I-SAW yangaphandle (ii-multi-pass zeendonga ezityebileyo, ubushushu be-interpass ≤ 250°C)
● Ukwandiswa koomatshini (1–1.5% OD iyanda, iphucula ukujikeleza ukuya kwi-±0.3%)
● Ifanelekile kwiindlela ezininzi zokufaka ii-trunk line ezikwi-offshore
Inkqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● U-press wenza ipleyiti ibe yi-U-shape (amandla eetoni ezingama-2000-4000)
● I-O-press ivala ibe yi-cylindrical (amandla eetoni ezingama-3000-6000)
● Isandisi (soomatshini) ukuya kububanzi bokugqibela kunye nokujikeleza (amacandelo andayo angama-48-72)
● Ukuwelda okufana neJCOE kodwa kunomphumo ophezulu
● Ikhethwa kakhulu kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu kunye nenkonzo emuncu ngenxa yokuba ijikelezile kakhulu (±0.2% OD) kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi olushiyekileyo
● I-UOE yeyona nkqubo ikhethwayo kwiindlela ze-X60 ze-trunk ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezihambelanayo zoomatshini
Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Omnye) woDonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ipleyiti yentsimbi enye iqengqelwa kwisilinda kusetyenziswa umatshini wokugoba onemiqolo emi-4
● Ukuqengqeleka inyathelo ngenyathelo: ukuqengqeleka kwangaphambili, ukuqengqeleka okungacwangciswanga, ukuqengqeleka kokugqiba (ngesiqhelo ukupasa okungu-15-20)
● Umthungo we-longitudinal odityaniswe nge-SAW (ubuncinane iipasi ezi-3: ingcambu, ukuzalisa, isiciko)
● Akukho kwandiswa koomatshini (ukujikeleziswa okufezekisiweyo ngokuchaneka kokuqengqeleka, okuqhelekileyo ± 0.5%)
● Ifanelekile kwiipayipi eziqinileyo zodonga apho izixhobo ze-JCOE/UOE zilinganiselweyo
● Ifuna i-PWHT (ukunciphisa uxinzelelo) ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwama-32mm
Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (I-Double Seam) Yodonga Olunzima Kakhulu / Ububanzi Obukhulu Kakhulu (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WIT):
Iipleyiti ezimbini ziqengqelwe kwisiqingatha seesilinda zaza zadityaniswa kwimithungo emibini emide
Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipayipi ze-manifold ezixineneyo eziphezulu, iipenstocks, kunye neepayipi ze-arctic
Zonke ii-welds zihlolwe yi-100% UT kunye ne-RT
Unyango Lobushushu Emva Kokushintshwa Kwesinyithi (PWHT):Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-32mm okanye lube nenkonzo emuncu (H₂S), iWomic inika unyango lokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubushushu kwi-oven engaphantsi kwemoto (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12m ubude) okanye kusetyenziswa ubushushu bokufakelwa. Ubushushu bokuntywilisela buyi-580-620°C kangangeyure e-1 ngobukhulu obuyi-25mm. Kwi-X60, kufuneka ulawulo olucokisekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxinana. Ubunzima emva kwe-PWHT bulawulwa bube yi-≤ 90 HRB (okanye ≤ 85 HRB kwinkonzo emuncu).
Ubuchule bokushushu okuphantsi:Kwiiprojekthi ze-arctic, iWomic inika i-X60 uvavanyo lwe-Charpy impact kwi--46°C (ubuncinane be-27J, i-80-120J eqhelekileyo) kunye ne-DWTT enommandla wokucheba ≥ 85% kwi--20°C. Ukuqengqeleka okulawulwayo kwepleyiti yesiseko kuqinisekisa ulwakhiwo lwe-ferrite-pearlite olucolekileyo.
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwePipe yeNsimbi ye-API 5L X60 LSAW
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo | Inkqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipleyiti | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa imida yokwakheka kwe-X60 | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | I-Ultrasonic (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lamination) | Fumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Ukutsalwa (okude kunye nokunqamlezayo) | Ukuqinisekiswa koomatshini | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bengqolowa (ASTM E112) | Qinisekisa ukuba iinkozo ezicolekileyo (ASTM 10 okanye ezicolekileyo) | I-X60 PSL2 |
| Ngexesha lokwakheka | Ubukhulu (ububanzi, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyafana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-UT ezenzekelayo eyi-100% (okanye i-PAUT ene-TOFD) | Fumanisa ukungabikho kwe-fusion, i-slag, i-porosity | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | RT (ichaphaza eli-10-100% xa kuthelekiswa) | Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho we-Weld | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-MPI (iinzwane kunye ne-HAZ) | Imingxunya yomphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | Indlela yokuqina (i-weld, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkonzo emnandi | I-PSL2 / i-mur |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (nge-API 5L nganye) | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo (85-100% SMYS) | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ubunzima (HRB/HV10) – amanqaku ama-3 | Ukuthobela imithetho yenkonzo eyomileyo | I-PSL2 / i-mur |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukugoba okukhokelwayo / ukuThatyathwa | Ubuchule | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Okubonakalayo kunye nokumakisha | Imeko yomphezulu, ukulandeleka | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-DWTT (ukhetho) | Ulawulo lokusasazeka kwamathambo aqhekekileyo | IArctic/emuncu |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-CTOD (ukhetho) | Ukuqina kokwaphuka kwamatye olwandle | Amanzi anzulu |
Ukhetho lwenkonzo ebalulekileyo:
● I-HIC nganye kwi-NACE TM0284 (Isisombululo A okanye B, iiyure ezingama-96) – kwinkonzo emuncu
● I-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, iiyure ezingama-720) – kwimeko-bume ye-H₂S
● Impembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi kwi -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, okanye -60°C
● I-DWTT kwi -20°C okanye ngaphantsi ukuze kulungiswe ulwakhiwo lokunqandwa kwamathambo
● Imephu epheleleyo yobunzima obunqamlezileyo
● Uvavanyo lwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kwii-risers zaselwandle kunye nemibhobho ye-arctic
Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic olupheleleyo (hayi nje umthungo) kwimibhobho esemgangathweni ophezulu
8. Izicelo eziphambili – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X60 LSAW
●Imigca yeethinki zegesi yendalo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezithatha umgama omde– Ukuhanjiswa kwegesi enqumla ilizwe ngoxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-15 MPa (2,200 psi)
● Imibhobho yokuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe– Ukusuka kumaqonga aselunxwemeni ukuya kwiindawo zokwamkela ulwazi oluvela elunxwemeni (inkqubo ye-UOE iyakhethwa)
● Ukuhanjiswa kwegesi yenkonzo emuncu– Iindawo zegesi ezine-H₂S (i-PSL2 enovavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC, kusetyenziswa i-PWHT)
● Imibhobho yeArctic kunye ne-permafrost– Iimfuneko zobushushu obuphantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi -46°C
● Imibhobho yesitishi se-gesi compressor– Imibhobho yesitishi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu eneziphelo ezijijekileyo okanye ezidityanisiweyo
● Iintambo zeoyile ekrwada– Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile ephezulu kufuna amandla aphezulu
● Imigca yokufaka amanzi ukuze kuphuculwe ukubuyiswa kweoyile– Amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35 MPa (ipleyiti enzima egoqwe eludongeni)
● Izinyuko zamanzi anzulu– Izinyusi ezinamandla ezifuna uvavanyo lwe-CTOD kunye noyilo lokudinwa (inkqubo ye-UOE)
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X60 LSAW
Ukupakisha:
● Iidayamitha ezincinci (≤ 24″): Iibhanti ezineehexagonal, intsimbi ebotshelelwe ngezikhuseli ezisemaphethelweni (iibhanti ezi-3-5 ngebhanti nganye)
● Ububanzi obukhulu (> 24″): Imibhobho nganye, yahlulwe yi-dunnage yomthi kunye nee-raber pads (ubuncinci iindawo ze-dunnage ezi-2 ngombhobho ngamnye)
● Izigqubuthelo zokugqibela: Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki okanye zentsimbi ezinzima (izigqubuthelo ezibhityileyo zikhuselwe kwiingozi kunye nenkunkuma)
● Ukhuseleko lokugquma: Kwimibhobho egqunywe nge-3LPE/FBE, iiringi zefoam okanye amaphepha erabha phakathi kweeleya
● Ukupakisha okukhethekileyo kokuthunyelwa kwe-Arctic: Iingxowa ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nezokuthintela ukufuma
Iindlela zokuthumela:
● Iinqanawa ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-500 okanye ububanzi obukhulu
● Izikhongozeli ezingama-20ft/40ft zobubanzi obuncinci (ezihlanganisiweyo)
● Iirakhi ezisicaba okanye izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo zobude obude kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m)
● Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe kwiindawo ezivaliweyo (uloliwe waseTshayina-Yurophu, odlula eKazakhstan, eRashiya)
Amaxwebhu aqukiwe:
● Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill (EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 okanye 3.2)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (i-weld eyi-100% + umzimba ongazikhethela)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweRadiographic (ukuba ichaziwe)
● Ingxelo yoHlolo lweeDimensional
● Isatifikethi sokugquma (ukuba sigqunywe)
● Ingxelo ye-PMI
● Uluhlu Lokupakisha, I-invoyisi Yorhwebo, I-COO, Ibhili Yomthwalo
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ – API 5L X60 LSAW Steel Pipe
Kutheni iWomic Steel isetyenziswa kwi-X60 LSAW?
●Iinkqubo ezintathu ezincedisayo (i-JCOE, i-UOE, ipleyiti eqengqekileyo) ezigubungela ububanzi obuyi-219–1,600mm
●Inkqubo ye-UOE inika ubungqindilili be-±0.2% OD - ibaluleke kakhulu ekuwelding kwemigca ye-gas trunk ngokuzenzekelayo
●Ubungakanani bodonga obukhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70mm (umthungo omnye) okanye i-80mm (umthungo ophindwe kabini)
●Umthamo wesithando se-PWHT: ubude be-12m × ububanzi be-3m
●Uvavanyo lwempembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi luyehla luye kwi -46°C kunye ne -60°C (udidi lwe-arctic X60)
●Inkonzo yeSour eqinisekisiweyo ngovavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
●I-API 5L Monogram + CE + ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
●Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo: Iintsuku ezingama-35-50 zenkonzo eqhelekileyo ye-X60 PSL1, iintsuku ezingama-50-70 zenkonzo ye-PSL2 eyomileyo
●Ubude obude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m kunciphisa ukuwelda kwe-field birth nge-30-40%
●Iipayipi ze-X60 ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 km zibonelelwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye azinawo umbane ongasebenziyo
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:
Q: Kutheni ukhethe i-X60 kune-X52 kumbhobho wegesi?
A: I-X60 inika amandla aphezulu esivuno nge-15% (415 MPa vs 360 MPa), okuvumela iindonga ezincinci (ngesiqhelo zinciphisa i-10-15%) kumlinganiselo ofanayo woxinzelelo. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bezinto kunye neendleko, ingakumbi kwiipayipi ezikude. Nangona kunjalo, i-X60 ifuna iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuwelda kwaye inovelwano ngakumbi ekuqhekekeni kwe-hydrogen. Kwiingcinezelo ezingaphantsi kwe-10 MPa, i-X52 idla ngokuba yeyongayo. Kwiingcinezelo ezingaphezu kwe-12 MPa, kucetyiswa i-X60 okanye i-X65.
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-X60 PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2?
A: I-PSL2 inemida engqongqo yeekhemikhali (ingakumbi i-C, i-P, i-S ephantsi), uvavanyo oluyimfuneko lweCharpy impact (27J @ 0°C okanye ngaphantsi), ubunzima obukhulu yi-90 HRB, kwaye ifuna i-100% UT yomthungo we-weld (i-PSL1 ifuna kuphela i-UT yendawo). Kwimigca ye-gas trunk esebenza kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, i-PSL2 idla ngokuchazwa.
Q: Ngaba ungasinika isiqinisekiso senkonzo ye-sour kwi-X60?
A: Ewe. Sibonelela nge-X60 PSL2 ngovavanyo lwe-HIC (NACE TM0284) kunye novavanyo lwe-SSC (NACE TM0177). Ukwamkelwa okuqhelekileyo: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5% kwi-HIC. I-PWHT isetyenziswa kuyo yonke inkonzo ye-sour X60 nokuba ubukhulu bodonga bunjani ukuqinisekisa ubunzima ≤ 85 HRB. Sinikezele ngenkonzo ye-sour X60 kwiiprojekthi zaseMbindi Mpuma nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.
Q: Loluphi uvavanyo lwempembelelo oluphantsi olunokulwenza kwiipayipi ze-arctic ze-X60?
A: Singavavanya ukuya kuthi ga kwi -60°C. Iipayipi zegesi ze-arctic eziqhelekileyo zifuna impembelelo yeCharpy ye-27J ubuncinci kwi -46°C. I-Womic idla ngokufikelela kwi-80-120J kwi -46°C. Ukulawula ukwanda kokuqhekeka, sikwaqhuba i-DWTT kwi -20°C ubuncinane kwindawo yokucheba eyi-85%. Nceda ucacise ubushushu kunye namandla ovavanyo lwakho olufunekayo.
Q: Yeyiphi inkqubo efanelekileyo kwiipayipi ze-X60 ezikude nolwandle – JCOE okanye UOE?
A: I-UOE ikhethwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle kuba ivelisa ukujikeleza okungcono (±0.2% vs ±0.5% kwi-JCOE) kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi olushiyekileyo. Oku kubalulekile ekumelaneni noxinzelelo lwangaphandle lwe-hydrostatic (ukuwa) kunye nokuwelda okuthembekileyo kwe-field girth kwimikhumbi ebekwe phantsi. I-UOE ikwabonelela ngokusebenza ngcono kokudinwa kwi-dynamic risers. Kumanzi angajulileyo (<100m) akude nolwandle, i-JCOE iyamkeleka.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho we-X60 LSAW?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufumana i-X60 PSL1: iintsuku ezingama-35-50. Kwi-X60 PSL2 enovavanyo lwenkonzo emuncu kunye ne-PWHT: iintsuku ezingama-50-70. Ii-oda ezikhawulezayo (iintsuku ezingama-25-35) zinokwenzeka kwinani elincinci (< iitoni ezili-1,000) ukuba ipleyiti ikhona. Kwii-odolo ezinkulu kakhulu (> iitoni ezingama-20,000), ixesha lokufumana i-odolo linokufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-90.
Q: Ngaba nibonelela ngohlolo lomntu wesithathu kwiipayipi ze-X60 LSAW?
A: Ewe. Sisebenza ne-SGS, i-BV, i-TÜV, i-DNV, i-ABS, kunye ne-LR. Uhlolo lungenziwa kumzi-mveliso wethu ngexesha lokuveliswa, lubonwa ngummeli womthengi. Sikhupha izatifikethi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 xa siceliwe.
Isalathiso seProjekthi – Umgca weThuthi yeGesi yendalo enqamlezileyo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Ilizwe:Ummandla womda waseMyanmar – Thailand (umbhobho wegesi osuka kwiGulf of Martaban ukuya eThailand)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-API 5L X60 PSL2 (inkonzo emuncu, enovavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC)
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
●OD 813mm (32″) × Ubunzima 19.0mm – 36,000 yeemitha (malunga ne-12,600 yeetoni) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE
●OD 813mm (32″) × Ubunzima 22.0mm – 8,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-3,200) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE (udonga olutyebileyo lokuwela iindlela/iindlela zikaloliwe)
●OD 610mm (24″) × Ubunzima 15.9mm – 12,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-2,400) ezenziwe yinkqubo ye-JCOE (umgca wesebe ukuya kwisikhululo samandla)
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-56,000 (56 km), malunga neetoni ezili-18,200
Iinkcukacha:Ingubo yangaphandle ye-3LPE (ubude obupheleleyo be-3.0mm) ngokwe-ISO 21809, iziphelo ezibekiweyo ziyi-30° / 1.6mm ubuso beengcambu ezine-intensitive bevel protector, i-hydrotest kwi-15.0 MPa (uxinzelelo loyilo yi-11.5 MPa). Impembelelo yeCharpy enyanzelekileyo kwi-0°C kunye ne--20°C (ubuncinci be-27J, ifikelelwe kwi-90-140J). I-HIC ngokwe-NACE TM0284 Isisombululo A, iiyure ezingama-96 – ukwamkelwa: I-CLR ≤ 5%, i-CTR ≤ 1.5%, i-CSR ≤ 0.5%. I-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A, iiyure ezingama-720 – akukho kuqhekeka kuvunyelweyo. I-PWHT isetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke iipayipi ezine-WT ≥ 19.0mm. I-UT ezenzekelayo eyi-100% ene-TOFD yomthungo we-weld. Uvavanyo lwe-Radiographic (RT) lweesampulu zokufaneleka kwe-weld yasentsimini.
Isicelo:Umzila wegesi yendalo onqumla imida othutha igesi ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude nolwandle kwiGulf of Martakan (eMyanmar) ukuya kwindawo yokufumana umbane eThailand, uze uqhubeke uye kwisikhululo samandla esisebenzisa igesi. Eli candelo likude nolwandle eliyi-56 km linqumla umhlaba weentaba oneentaba kunye notshintsho olukhulu lokuphakama (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400m), kunye neendawo ezintandathu ezinkulu zokunqumla iindlela kunye neendawo ezintathu zokunqumla uloliwe.
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
●Ukuthobela inkonzo emuncu yegesi ene-H₂S encinci– Igesi yendalo ine-5-10 ppm H₂S kubushushu bokusebenza obungama-55°C. I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC kwiindawo ezili-12 zemveliso. Zonke ziphumelele nge-CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% kwi-HIC. Uvavanyo lwe-SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) aluzange lubonise ukuqhekeka komphezulu. Sifezekise oku ngokugcina i-CEV ≤ 0.38%, sisebenzisa i-PWHT kuzo zonke iipayipi ze-19.0mm kunye ne-22.0mm WT (nangona i-API 5L ingadingi i-PWHT ngaphantsi kwe-25.4mm), kunye nokulawula ukufakwa kobushushu kwi-≤ 2.8 kJ/mm. Umhloli womthengi (BV) ubone zonke iimvavanyo waza waqinisekisa iziphumo.
●Indawo yeentaba eneentaba ezigobileyo ezinde– Indlela yombhobho ibandakanya amathambeka afikelela kuma-25 degrees. Ukugoba kwentsimi yemibhobho ye-X60 kunzima kakhulu kunemigangatho ephantsi ngenxa yamandla aphezulu. I-Womic inikezele ngemibhobho eneendawo ezidityanisiweyo ezinde kakhulu (18m endaweni ye-12m eqhelekileyo) ukunciphisa inani leethambeka zentsimi ngama-33%. Sikwanikezele nge-bevel geometry ekhethekileyo (i-compound bevel) evumela ukungalingani kwe-±3° ngexesha lokuwelda kwentsimi ngaphandle kokubeka umgangatho we-weld emngciphekweni. I-Ovality igcinwe kwi-≤ 0.3% (inkqubo ye-UOE) ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kwiithambeka.
●Ukuthembeka kwengubo ye-3LPE kwindawo emahlathini– Ukufuma okuphezulu (80-95% unyaka wonke) kunye nomhlaba orhabaxa we-laterite kubeka emngciphekweni ukugquma. I-Womic ifake i-3LPE coating kunye nomaleko owongezelelweyo we-0.3mm. Senze i-100% yokuchonga ikhefu kwi-7kV (standard 5kV) kwaye salinganisa amandla e-peel kwi-25°C kunye ne-70°C (230 N/cm kwi-25°C, 160 N/cm kwi-70°C). Ukugquma kudlule uvavanyo lokuqhekeka kwe-cathodic (≤ 8mm radius kwi-65°C, iintsuku ezingama-28).
●Uthutho oluwela imida olunobunzima bezerhafu– Iipayipi zathunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya kwizibuko laseYangon (eMyanmar), zaza zathunyelwa ngeelori ezingama-280 km ukuya kwindawo esasazeke kuyo umbhobho kufutshane nomda waseThailand. Indlela idlula kwiindawo ezimbini zokujonga irhafu. I-Womic ilungiselele amaxwebhu aphathelele ilizwe (Isatifikethi semvelaphi esivela kwi-AK, kwi-ASEAN ngokubanzi). Sikwalungiselele iibhondi zokungenisa okwethutyana ukuze siphephe ukulibaziseka kwentlawulo yerhafu. Zonke iitoni ezili-18,200 zahlawula irhafu kwiintsuku ezi-5.
●Ulawulo lokufaka ubushushu oluqinileyo lwe-weld ye-X60– I-HAZ ye-X60 inovelwano kakhulu kubushushu obugqithisileyo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuthamba nokunciphisa ukuqina. I-Womic isebenzise inkqubo ye-SAW eneengcingo ezimbini enokubeka iliso ekufakweni kobushushu kuyo yonke i-weld pass. I-avareji ye-heat input ye-inner weld: 2.2 kJ/mm, i-outer weld: 2.5 kJ/mm (ngaphantsi komda we-3.5 kJ/mm). Ubushushu be-interpass bugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-200°C. Ubunzima be-cross-weld emva kwe-PWHT: i-base metal 78-82 HRB, i-weld 82-86 HRB, i-HAZ 80-84 HRB – konke kungaphakathi komda we-90 HRB.
● Iziphumo:Umbhobho wegesi waqaliswa ukusebenza kwikota yesithathu ka-2024. Zonke ii-56 km zemibhobho ye-X60 PSL2 ziphumelele uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu yi-BV Myanmar. Umthengi uxele ukuba akukho ziphene zokuwelda ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-field girth (ngaphezulu kwe-4,600 girth welds). Lo mbhobho ubusebenza kwi-10.5-11.0 MPa kangangeenyanga ezili-12 ngaphandle kokuvuza okanye ukusilela kokufaka. I-Womic Steel ifumene ibhaso "loMboneleli woNyaka" kwikontraka yaseThailand ye-EPC ngokuzisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo (zonke iitoni ezili-18,200 zithunyelwe kwiintsuku ezingama-68) kunye nokusebenza komgangatho.
Qhagamshelana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo lemibhobho ye-API 5L X60 LSAW yemigca yegesi yendalo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho engaselunxwemeni, inkonzo emuncu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-arctic kwihlabathi liphela.
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