1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigca emininzi yemveliso ye-LSAW equka iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwakha kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo bodonga olunzima. Imveliso ye-X65 ifuna ukucutshungulwa okuphambili kwe-thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) yeepleyiti kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lokufaka ubushushu ngexesha lokuwelda.
● Umgca we-JCOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50.8mm. I-JCO yenziwe inyathelo ngenyathelo ngokwandiswa koomatshini. Ifanelekile kwiindlela ezininzi zokufaka ii-trunk line ze-X65 ezikwi-offshore.
●Umgca we-UOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-40mm. Ukwakha u-U emva koko ukwakha u-O kunye nokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukuchaneka kobukhulu obuphezulu (±0.2% OD), kukhethwa kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu, ii-risers, kunye nenkonzo emuncu.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqekileyo (Umthungo Omnye):Kwimithamo engama-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga buqala kwi-25mm ukuya kwi-70mm. Ipleyiti enye iqengqelwe kwisilinda. Ifanelekile kwiipayipi ze-X65 zodonga ezinzima ezifuna ukumelana nokudilika okuphezulu.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabini):Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-50.8mm ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm, kusetyenziswa iipleyiti ezimbini ezidityaniswe ngobude. Zisetyenziselwa imibhobho ye-CO₂ enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi.
Umthamo we-LSAW uwonke udlula iitoni ezingama-300,000 ngonyaka, kunye nemveliso ye-X65 ezinikeleyo edlula iitoni ezingama-70,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram, ISO 9001, CE PED, kwaye ihlolwa rhoqo yi-ABS, DNV, TÜV, kunye ne-BV. Irekhodi yehlabathi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 aneepayipi ze-X65 ezingaphezu kwe-1,200 km ezibonelelweyo.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Ubunzima × ≤ 24m (ukwandiswa koomatshini, ukujikeleza ±0.2%)
●Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo omnye): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
●Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo ophindwe kabini): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
Zonke iipayipi ze-X65 zinokubonelelwa nge-PWHT (unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda) ukuze zisetyenziswe eludongeni oluqinileyo okanye olumuncu. Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi lufumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi -46°C kunye ne -60°C.
2. I-API 5L X65: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-API 5L X65 (L450) yipayipi yomgca enamandla aphezulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zokuhambisa igesi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezikude kunye neepayipi zamanzi anzulu olwandle. Amandla amancinci okuvelisa yi-450 MPa (65,300 psi) kunye namandla okutsalwa yi-535 MPa (77,600 psi). I-X65 iveliswa kusetyenziswa i-controlled rolling (TMCP) ene-microalloying (Nb, V, Ti, rhoqo nge-Mo yenkonzo emuncu) ukuze kufezekiswe i-acicular ferrite okanye i-bainitic microstructure entle.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, ubuninzi be-% ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-API 5L X65 PSL1 (ubuninzi %) | I-API 5L X65 PSL2 (ubuninzi %) | Inkonzo emuncu (injongo eqhelekileyo) |
| C | 0.22 (eqhelekileyo yi-0.08-0.10) | 0.12 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | 1.60 | 1.60 | ≤ 1.50 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 | ≤ 0.003 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.15-0.40 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 | ≤ 0.025 |
| Mo | Ayichazwanga ngqo | Ayichazwanga ngqo | ≤ 0.30 (kwi-muncu) |
| I-CEV | Ayichazwanga ngqo | ≤ 0.43 | ≤ 0.40 (eqhelekileyo ≤ 0.38) |
Kwinkonzo ye-sour, iWomic igcina i-CEV ≤ 0.40% kwaye isebenzisa iiplate ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, i-manganese ephantsi, ne-sulfur ephantsi kunye nonyango lwe-calcium ukulawula imo yokubandakanywa.
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi):
| Ipropati | I-API 5L X65 PSL1 | I-API 5L X65 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | I-450 MPa (65,300 psi) | 450–600 MPa |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-535 MPa (77,600 psi) | 535–760 MPa |
| Ukwandiswa (umzuzu) | 19% (kwigeyiji engama-50mm) | 19% |
| Umlinganiselo weNzuzo (ubuninzi) | Ayichazwanga ngqo | 0.93 |
| Ubunzima (ubuninzi) | Ayichazwanga ngqo | 90 HRB (emuncu: 85 HRB eqhelekileyo) |
| Ukuqina kwempembelelo (umzuzu) | Ayifuneki | 27 J @ 0°C (ukhetho -20°C, -40°C, -46°C) |
Thelekisa ne-X60 kunye ne-X70:
| Ibanga | I-MPa yemveliso | I-MPa ethambileyo | Umlinganiselo wesivuno | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| X60 | 415 | 520 | ≤ 0.93 | Igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, elunxwemeni |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | ≤ 0.93 | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, amanzi anzulu |
| X70 | 485 | 570 | ≤ 0.93 | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, umgama omde |
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (kwakhona ne-ISO 3183 L450, DNV-OS-F101 L450) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo omnye/ophindwe kabini) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 6.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo: 25mm – 70mm (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m, 12m, 18m; Yandisiwe: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m (JCOE/UOE) okanye i-12m (ipleyiti eqengqekileyo) |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo esijijekileyo (BE) nge-API nganye yi-5L (i-bevel engama-30°, ubuso obuyi-1.6mm ingcambu) |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Ayinanto, itshiziweyo ngeoyile, i-3LPE, i-3LPP, i-FBE, i-Coal Tar Epoxy, i-Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm (nokuba yeyiphi na engaphantsi); Ubunzima: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X65 LSAW (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obukhethiweyo)
| OD (mm) | Iinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inkqubo | Ubunzima obumalunga (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Imigca esecaleni yegesi |
| 324 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 62.4 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqokelela igesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 181.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigca yesiqu |
| 508 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 122.8 – 263.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| 610 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0 | I-UOE | 184.2 – 401.8 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Iintambo eziphambili zepetroli |
| 711 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 30.0 | JCOE/UOE | 240.7 – 503.8 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqumla ilizwe |
| 813 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0 | I-JCOE | 314.4 – 671.4 | 12m / 18m | Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle |
| 914 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0 | I-JCOE | 419.5 – 862.0 | 12m / 18m | Igesi yamanzi anzulu |
| 1,016 | 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo | 539.2 – 1,191.7 | 12m | Amanzi anzulu kakhulu |
| 1,220 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 748.4 – 1,577.8 | 12m | Imibhobho yeArctic |
| 1,422 | 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 1,030 – 2,016 | 12m | I-CO₂ yoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| 1,600 | 35.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Iqengqelekile (kabini) | 1,350 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Iprojekthi ekhethekileyo |
*Iipayipi ze-X65 ezinde eludongeni (≥ 25mm kwinkonzo emuncu, ≥ 32mm kwinkonzo emuncu) zifuna i-PWHT. I-X65 kumanzi anzulu ifuna i-Charpy impact kwi--20°C okanye ngaphantsi kunye novavanyo lwe-CTOD.*
5. Imigangatho Eqhelekileyo kunye namaBanga – Umbhobho woMgca we-LSAW kunye noMbhobho woLwakhiwo
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNsimbi | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo Yokwenza |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X65, X70 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X65, X70 | Inkonzo emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ISO 3183 | L450, L485 | Iiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe | JCOE/UOE |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | L450, L485 | Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| EN 10217-1 | S355JR | Iityhubhu zoxinzelelo | I-JCOE |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | X65 | Iqonga laselunxwemeni | I-UOE |
| I-ASTM A671 | CC65, CC70 | Ubushushu obuphantsi | Iqengqiwe |
Isishwankathelo sokusetyenziswa:Imibhobho yokuthumela igesi emanzini anzulu, imibhobho yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho yenkonzo emuncu, imibhobho yeCO₂ yeCCS, izinyusi zamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, uthumelo lwegesi ye-arctic.
6. Iinkqubo zoMveliso – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) yeX65 Steel Pipe
I-X65 ifuna iipleyiti ze-TMCP (thermomechanical controlled processing) kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokufaka ubushushu ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-SAW ukugcina ukuqina kwe-HAZ.
Inkqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WIT):
● Ukusika umphetho wepleyiti (i-X okanye i-J bevel) ngokuchanekileyo ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba imiphetho ngaphambi kokuba igotywe
● Ukwenziwa kwe-JCO ngokulandelelana
● Ukuwelda ii-tack (ii-tack ezibekwe kwindawo enye)
● I-SAW yangaphakathi (ukufaka ubushushu ≤ 2.5 kJ/mm kwi-X65)
● Ukususa umva
● I-SAW yangaphandle (ii-multi-pass, ubushushu be-interpass ≤ 200°C)
● Ukwandiswa koomatshini (1-1.5% OD)
● Ifanelekile kwiindlela ezininzi ze-trunk ze-X65 ezikwi-onshore
Inkqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● U-press (2000-4000t)
● I-O-press (3000-6000t)
● Ukwandiswa koomatshini (amacandelo angama-48-72)
● Ukuwelda ngolawulo lokufaka ubushushu
● Ikhethwa kakhulu kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu olwandle (±0.2% ukujikeleza, uxinzelelo oluphantsi olushiyekileyo)
Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Omnye) woDonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ukugoba okune-roll kwi-cylinder
● I-SAW edlula ngeendlela ezininzi (ingcambu, ukuzalisa, isiciko)
● I-PWHT iyimfuneko kubukhulu bodonga ≥ 25mm kwinkonzo emuncu
● Isetyenziselwa i-CO₂ enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi
Unyango Lobushushu Emva Kokushintshwa Kwesinyithi (PWHT):Kwinkonzo ye-X65 sour, i-PWHT isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindonga ezinkulu ≥ 25mm (okanye njengoko kuchaziwe). Ubushushu bokuntywila yi-580-620°C, bamba iyure e-1 kwi-25mm nganye. Izinga lokuphola yi-≤ 200°C ngeyure. Ubunzima emva kwe-PWHT: isinyithi esisisiseko yi-78-85 HRB, i-weld yi-82-88 HRB.
Ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza nge-CTOD:Kwizicelo zaselwandle nakwi-arctic, iWomic inika i-X65 ene-Charpy impact kwi--46°C (ubuncinane be-27J, eqhelekileyo ye-100-150J) kunye novavanyo lwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) ngokwe-BS 7448 okanye i-ASTM E1820. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-CTOD: ≥ 0.25mm kwi--20°C kwi-weld metal kunye ne-HAZ.
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwePipe yeNsimbi ye-API 5L X65 LSAW
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo | Inkqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipleyiti | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-X65 | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | I-Ultrasonic (i-lamination) | Fumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Ukutsalwa (L+T) | Iipropati zoomatshini | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Ubungakanani beenkozo (ASTM E112) | Iinkozo ezintle (ASTM 10+) | I-X65 PSL2 |
| Ngexesha lokwakheka | Imilinganiselo (OD, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyafana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-UT ezenzekelayo eyi-100% (TOFD) | Fumanisa iziphene zokuwelda | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | RT (indawo/igcwele) | Umgangatho wokuwelda | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-MPI (iinzwane/i-HAZ) | Imingxunya yomphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | Indlela yokuqina (i-weld, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Inkonzo emuncu | I-PSL2 imbi |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukuqina (HRB/HV10) | Ukuthobela imithetho | I-PSL2 imbi |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukugoba okukhokelwayo / ukuThatyathwa | Ubuchule | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-DWTT (ukhetho) | Ukwanda kwamathambo aqhekekileyo | IArctic |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-CTOD (ukhetho) | Ukuqina kokwaphuka | Ulwandle/amanzi anzulu |
Ukhetho lwenkonzo ebalulekileyo:
● I-HIC nganye kwi-NACE TM0284 (Isisombululo A okanye B, iiyure ezingama-96)
● SSC nge-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, 720h)
● Impembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi kwi -46°C, -60°C
● I-DWTT kwi -20°C okanye ngaphantsi (≥ 85% indawo yokucheba)
● I-CTOD kwi -20°C okanye -46°C (≥ 0.25mm)
● I-UT yomzimba wonke (hayi umthungo nje kuphela)
Uvavanyo lokugqwala (CO₂, ityuwa)
8. Izicelo eziphambili – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X65 LSAW
Imibhobho yokuthumela igesi kwamanye amazwe emanzini anzulu– Ubunzulu bamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000m, ukumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphandle okuphezulu (inkqubo ye-UOE enokujikeleza okuqinileyo)
Imigca yemithwalo yegesi yendalo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu– Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 MPa (2,200 psi), ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophantsi
Imibhobho yeoyile negesi yenkonzo emuncu– Iindawo eziqulathe i-H₂S (i-PSL2 ene-HIC/SSC, i-PWHT, ubulukhuni ≤ 85 HRB)
Imibhobho ye-CO₂ yokubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni (CCS)– Uthutho lwe-CO₂ olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu, lufuna ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi
Izinyuko zangaphantsi kolwandle kunye neendlela zokuhamba kwamanzi– Usetyenziso olutshintshayo olufuna uvavanyo lwe-CTOD kunye nokudinwa
Imibhobho yegesi yeArctic kunye ne-permafrost– Ubushushu obuphantsi bufikelela kwi -46°C, i-DWTT yokulawula ukwaphuka
Imigca yokufaka amanzi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu– Ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kweoyile, uxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-35 MPa
Iiluphu zokwandisa imibhobho– Izicelo ezinobunzima obuphezulu ezifuna uyilo olusekelwe kubunzima (X65 enomlinganiselo othile wesivuno)
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X65 LSAW
Kufana neemveliso zangaphambili ezinenkathalo eyongezelelweyo yokukhusela ukugquma kwiipayipi ze-X65 ezixabisa kakhulu. Iipayipi zipakishwa nganye nganye nge-dunnage yokhuni egqunywe ngomthi, izigqubuthelo zokugqibela, kunye neengxowa zomphunga ezithintela ukugqwala kwiihambo ezinde zolwandle. Kwiiprojekthi zamanzi anzulu, kubonelelwa ngengqwalasela ekhethekileyo kukhuseleko lwe-bevel.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ – API 5L X65 LSAW Steel Pipe
Kutheni iWomic Steel isetyenziswa kwi-X65 LSAW?
● Inkqubo ye-UOE inika ubungqindilili be-±0.2% OD - ibaluleke kakhulu ekuchaseni ukuwohloka kwamanzi anzulu
● Inkonzo emnandi eqinisekisiweyo nge-HIC/SSC kunye ne-PWHT
● Ubushushu obuphantsi bufikelela kwi -60°C kunye novavanyo lwe-CTOD loomatshini bokuqhekeka
● Imvume ye-API 5L Monogram + DNV yokufikelela elunxwemeni
● Iipayipi ze-X65 ezingaphezu kwe-1,200 km zinikezelwa kwihlabathi liphela
● Ukuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu yi-DNV, ABS, BV, SGS, TÜV
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-X65 kunye ne-X60 kwimibhobho yaselwandle?
A: I-X65 inika amandla aphezulu esivuno nge-8% (450 vs 415 MPa), nto leyo evumela iindonga ezincinci kancinci. Kwi-deep water (≥ 1,000m), i-X65 idla ngokuthandwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuwa kunye nokusebenza kwayo kokudinwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-X65 ifuna iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuwelda kwaye inovelwano ngakumbi kwiingcangca ze-hydrogen. Kwi-deep water < 500m, i-X60 inokuba yeyongayo.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela nge-X65 ngovavanyo lwe-CTOD kwii-risers zaselwandle?
A: Ewe. Senza uvavanyo lwe-CTOD ngokwe-BS 7448 okanye i-ASTM E1820 kumaqondo obushushu athile (ngesiqhelo -20°C okanye -46°C). Ubuncinci bexabiso le-CTOD: 0.25mm kwisinyithi esitshixiweyo, 0.30mm kwi-HAZ. Sinikezele nge-X65 evavanyiweyo yi-CTOD ku北海kunye neeprojekthi zaselwandle zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
Q: Bungakanani ubukhulu bodonga obuphezulu kwipayipi ye-X65 LSAW?
A: I-JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, ipleyiti egoqiweyo enye ifikelela kwi-70mm, ipleyiti egoqiweyo iphindwe kabini ifikelela kwi-80mm. Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-50.8mm, i-PWHT iyimfuneko. Kutshanje sinikezele nge-X65 1,016mm OD × 60mm WT yombhobho we-CO₂ oxinzelelweyo ophezulu.
Q: Uqinisekisa njani ukuba i-HAZ iqinile xa kudityaniswa i-X65 field welding?
A: Silawula i-plate chemistry (i-CEV ephantsi, ≤ 0.40%), igalelo lobushushu ngexesha le-SAW (≤ 2.5 kJ/mm), kunye nobushushu obuphakathi (≤ 200°C). Sibonelela ngeengcebiso ze-welding procedure qualification (WPQ) kubathengi kwaye sinokubonelela ngeesampuli ezisetyenziswayo ze-welding. Impembelelo eqhelekileyo ye-HAZ Charpy kwi -20°C: 120-200J.
Q: Ingaba i-X65 ifanelekile kwinkonzo ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Ewe, kodwa ifuna iPSL2 ene-CEV ephantsi (≤ 0.40%), i-PWHT kuzo zonke iindonga ezinobukhulu obuyi-≥ 20mm, ubunzima obuyi-≤ 85 HRB, kunye novavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC. I-Womic inikezele ngenkonzo ye-sour X65 kuMbindi Mpuma (30 ppm H₂S) naseKhanada (igesi emuncu).
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho we-X65 LSAW?
A: I-X65 PSL1 eqhelekileyo: iintsuku ezingama-40-55. I-X65 PSL2 enenkonzo emuncu kunye ne-PWHT: iintsuku ezingama-60-80. Iiodolo ezikhawulezileyo (iintsuku ezingama-30-45) ngobuninzi obungaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-2,000 ukuba iipleyiti zikhona esitokhweni.
Isalathiso seProjekthi – Umbhobho wokuthumela igesi eMantla oLwandle oluNzulu
Ilizwe:INorway (uLwandle oluseMantla, indawo yentsimi yaseBalder)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-API 5L X65 PSL2 eneenkonzo ezimuncu kunye neemfuno ze-CTOD
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
● OD 610mm (24″) × Ubunzima 22.2mm – 28,000 metres (malunga neetoni eziyi-9,200) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × Ubunzima 25.4mm – 6,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-2,300) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE (udonga olutyebileyo lwecandelo lokuphakamisa)
● OD 813mm (32″) × Ubunzima 30.0mm – 4,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-2,500) ezenziwe ngepleyiti eqengqelekayo enye (yokusondela elunxwemeni)
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-38,000 (iikhilomitha ezingama-38), malunga neetoni ezili-14,000
Iinkcukacha:Ingubo yangaphandle ye-3LPP (ubude obupheleleyo be-3.5mm) yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu (110°C), iziphelo ezibekiweyo 30° / 1.6mm ubuso beengcambu ezine-stainless steel bevel protectors, i-hydrotest kwi-22.5 MPa (uxinzelelo loyilo yi-17.0 MPa). Impembelelo yeCharpy enyanzelekileyo kwi--20°C (ubuncinci be-50J, ifikelelwe kwi-120-200J) nakwi--46°C (ubuncinci be-27J, ifikelelwe kwi-80-150J). Uvavanyo lwe-CTOD ngokwe-BS 7448 kwi--20°C – ukwamkelwa: isinyithi esiweldiweyo ≥ 0.25mm, i-HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. I-HIC nge-NACE TM0284 (Isisombululo A, 96h) – ukwamkelwa: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. I-SSC nge-NACE TM0177 – akukho kuqhekeka. I-PWHT isetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke iipayipi ngenxa yenkonzo emuncu. I-UT eyi-100% ene-TOFD kunye ne-UT yomzimba wonke (hayi nje umthungo). Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNV ngumntu wesithathu kulo lonke ixesha lokuveliswa.
Isicelo:Umbhobho wokuthumela igesi emanzini anzulu ukusuka kwiBalder field (ubunzulu bamanzi buyi-800-1,200m) ukuya kwisikhululo sokwamkela amanzi esiselunxwemeni eNorway. Lo mbhobho bungange-38 km uquka icandelo lokunyuka elinamandla (2 km, 25.4mm WT) kunye nendlela yokusondela elunxwemeni ngokusebenzisa umhlaba onamatye (4 km, 30mm WT rolled plate).
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
● Ukumelana nokuwa kwamanzi anzulu– Ubunzulu bamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,200m bubeka uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lwe-12.5 MPa. Umbhobho we-UOE oyi-24″ × 22.2mm ofunekayo ukuhlangabezana noxinzelelo lokuwa ≥ 25 MPa (ukhuseleko lwento 2). Iipayipi ze-UOE eziveliswe yiWomic ezine-ovality ≤ 0.2% (ezilinganiswe kwi-0.15-0.18%) kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo ≤ 35% SMYS. Senze uhlalutyo lwe-finite element (FEA) kwiiparamitha zokuvelisa saza saqinisekisa ngovavanyo loxinzelelo lokuwa kwiisampuli ezimbini ezipheleleyo (eziphumelele kwi-28.5 MPa kunye ne-29.2 MPa).
● Inkonzo emuncu ene-H₂S ephezulu– Le gesi ine-50 ppm H₂S kubushushu obusebenzayo obungama-90°C. Iipleyiti zeWomic ezikhethiweyo ezinekhabhoni ephantsi (C ≤ 0.07%), ezine-manganese ephantsi (Mn ≤ 1.40%), ezine-sulfur ephantsi (S ≤ 0.002%) kunye nonyango lwe-calcium. I-CEV igcinwe kwi-0.35-0.38%. I-PWHT isetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke iipayipi (ukuntywila kwi-600°C ± 10°C, ibambe iiyure eziyi-1.5). Ukuqina emva kwe-PWHT: isinyithi esisisiseko 78-84 HRB, i-weld 82-86 HRB, i-HAZ 80-84 HRB. Uvavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC luphumelele ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
● Ukuqina kokuqhekeka kwe-CTOD kwi-riser– Icandelo lokuphakamisa elinamandla lifuna ukuqina okukhulu kokuqhekeka ukuze likwazi ukumelana nokulayishwa kwamaza. I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lwe-CTOD kwisinyithi esitshisiweyo kunye ne-HAZ kwi--20°C. Iziphumo: isinyithi esitshisiweyo 0.35-0.55mm (≥ 0.25mm iyafuneka), i-HAZ 0.40-0.70mm (≥ 0.30mm iyafuneka). Sikwasebenzise iCharpy yobushushu obuphantsi kwi--46°C (umyinge we-110J). I-DNV ibone zonke iimvavanyo ze-CTOD.
● Ukwaleka okushushu kakhulu (3LPP)– Ubushushu bokusebenza buyi-90°C, kunye nencopho ye-110°C ngexesha lokuvala. I-3LPE eqhelekileyo (i-polyethylene) inqunyelwe kwi-80°C. I-Womic esetyenzisiweyo yi-3LPP (i-polypropylene) yokwaleka enobukhulu obuyi-3.5mm (umaleko ophezulu yi-2.5mm + i-adhesive 0.5mm + FBE 0.5mm). I-coating idlule uvavanyo lwe-cathodic disbondment kwi-110°C (i-disbondment radius ≤ 8mm emva kweentsuku ezingama-28). Amandla okukhuhla kwi-110°C alinganiswa kwi-60 N/cm (ubuncinci yi-50 N/cm).
● Ukunyamezelana okugqithisileyo kokufakelwa kwereyile– Umbhobho ufakwe kusetyenziswa indlela yokubeka ireyile (umbhobho ufakwe kwisitya sereyile). Oku kufuna ulawulo olugqithisileyo lwe-ovality (≤ 0.2%) kunye nokuphakama kokuqinisa i-weld ≤ 0.5mm. Inkqubo ye-UOE kaWomic ifikelele kwi-ovality 0.15-0.18%. Sigaye ii-weld caps ukuya kubude obuyi-≤ 0.3mm. Zonke iipayipi ziphumelele uvavanyo olukhethekileyo "lokuguquguquka": imijikelo ye-spooling epheleleyo eli-10 ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
● Uthutho oluya eNorway– Iipayipi zathunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eStavanger, eNorway ngenqanawa ye-break-bulk (isithuthi sepayipi esikhethekileyo). Ukuwela uLwandle oluseNtshona ebusika kwafuna ukupakishwa okuthintela ukufuma. Iingxowa ze-VCI (i-vapor corrosion inhibitor) ezisetyenzisiweyo yiWomic kunye nee-desiccants ze-silica gel ngaphakathi kwee-end caps. Zonke iitoni ezili-14,000 zafika ngaphandle kokubola okanye ukonakaliswa kwe-coating.
Isiphumo:Umbhobho wokuthumela igesi eBalder wafakwa kwikota yesithathu ka-2024. Ukufakelwa kwereyile (okwenziwa ngumntu okhokelayo ongaphandle kolwandle) kubike ukuba akukho monakalo kwimibhobho okanye kwi-weld seam ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-spooling kunye nokufakwa kwayo. Zonke iikhilomitha ezingama-38 ziphumelele uvavanyo loxinzelelo elwandle. Umthengi (umqhubi omkhulu waseNorway) ukhuphe "iMbasa yoMboneleli woMsebenzi" kwiWomic Steel, ephawula "ukuhambelana okungaqhelekanga kunye neziphumo ze-CTOD." IWomic ngoku ngumthengisi ovunyiweyo weeprojekthi ezimbini ezongezelelweyo zokudibanisa iNorth Sea.
Qhagamshelana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo lemibhobho ye-API 5L X65 LSAW yemibhobho yamanzi anzulu aselunxwemeni, imigca yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inkonzo emuncu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-arctic kwihlabathi liphela.
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