1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iipayipi ze-alloy ezinganyangekiyo nokugqwala (CRA) kuquka ii-nickel alloys, iintsimbi eziqinileyo ezimbini, kunye ne-titanium. Isixhobo sethu esikhethekileyo sokuvelisa iipayipi ze-nickel alloy welded sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokugqwala ngokulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu kunye nonyango lobushushu emva kokugqwala ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy kunye neempawu zoomatshini:
●Umgca we-ERW (wokuWelda oXhathisa umbane):Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-6.35mm ukuya kwi-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-0.5mm ukuya kwi-12.7mm. Ukuwelda okuphindaphindwayo okunobushushu obuphantsi ukuze kuthintelwe ukwahlulwahlulwa. Ilungele imibhobho ye-N08825 encinci ukuya kwephakathi kwimigca yezixhobo, inaliti yamakhemikhali, kunye nemibhobho yenkqubo.
●Umgca we-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding):Kwimitha ukusuka kwi-219mm ukuya kwi-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-4.0mm ukuya kwi-50mm. Ingcambu ye-TIG (GTAW) ene-SAW fill passes, kusetyenziswa i-filler metal efanayo (ERNiCrMo-3 okanye ERNiCrMo-10) kunye ne-inert gas shielding.
●Umgca we-LSAW / SAWL wee-Nickel Alloys:Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-406mm ukuya kwi-1524mm (16″ – 60″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50mm. Ukuwelda kwe-arc okufakwe emanzini kwiipleyiti ze-nickel alloy eziqengqelekayo kunye nokufakwa kobushushu okulawulwayo.
Zonke iipayipi eziwelsiweyo ze-nickel alloy zifakwa kwisisombululo sokucoca (unyango lobushushu) kwi-980-1040°C kulandele ukucima amanzi okanye ukupholisa umoya ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokunyibilikisa nayiphi na i-carbide okanye i-intermetallic precipitates, kulandele ukucola kunye nokudlulisa umoya.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
● Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015
● I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yezixhobo zoxinzelelo
● Isatifikethi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa ngumntu wesithathu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Uhlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI) oluvunyiweyo yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yenkonzo emuncu (H₂S)
● Ikhowudi ye-ASME Boiler kunye neVessel Pressure (iCandelo VIII, iCandelo 1) xa iceliwe
I-Womic Steel inika iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-nickel alloy kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kuzo zonke iishishini zokucubungula iikhemikhali, ukuvelisa izichumiso, ezenyukliya, kunye nezoshishino zaselwandle.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
● I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
● I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m (inde xa iceliwe)
● I-LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
● Iindlela zokugqiba: Ezifakwe i-Annealed nezifakwe i-pickled, ezikhanyayo ezifakwe i-annealed (zeetyhubhu ezincinci)
2. I-ASTM B705 UNS N08825: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) yi-alloy ye-nickel-iron-chromium eyongezwayo kwi-molybdenum, i-copper, kunye ne-titanium. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwii-asidi zokunciphisa kunye ne-oxidizing, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride-induced stress corrosion (SCC) kunye ne-pitting. Ukongezwa kwe-titanium kuzinzisa i-alloy ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa kwe-intergranular emva kokuwelda (ngokufana neentsimbi ezizinzileyo ezingenasici). Umxholo ophezulu we-nickel (38-46%) ubonelela ngokumelana okuhle kwi-chloride SCC, ngelixa i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum zibonelela ngokumelana ne-pitting. I-Copper yongeza ukumelana ne-sulfuric kunye ne-phosphoric acids.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-UNS N08825 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.050 (ngesiqhelo ≤ 0.025) |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Ni | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Cu | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Ti | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Al | ≤ 0.20 |
| Fe | Ibhalansi |
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi, Isisombululo esifakwe kwi-Annealed):
| Ipropati | I-UNS N08825 |
| Amandla okuvelisa (umyinge, isaphulelo se-0.2%) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-550 MPa (80,000 psi) |
| Ubude (umzuzu, igeyiji engama-50mm) | 30% |
| Ukuqina (okuqhelekileyo) | 75-85 HRB |
Iimpawu Zomzimba:
● Ubuninzi: 8.14 g/cm³
● Imodulus yoKunwebeka: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
● Ukuqhuba Ubushushu: 11.1 W/m·K kwi-100°C
● I-Coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu: 14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Ukumelana nokugqwala:
● Ukumelana kakuhle ne-sulfuric acid kuluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-96% kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi)
● Ukumelana okubalaseleyo ne-phosphoric acid (inkqubo emanzi) equlethe iikloridi kunye ne-fluoride
● Ukumelana kakuhle ne-nitric acid kunye ne-organic acids
● Ukumelana kakuhle nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride stress corrosion (SCC)
● Ukumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nemingxunya kwiindawo zekloride (PREN ≈ 30-35)
● Ayimelani nokugqwala phakathi kweegranular emva kokuwelda (i-titanium izinzile)
● Ifanelekile kwinkonzo emuncu (NACE MR0175) ukuya kuthi ga kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-H₂S
Imida yokuGqobhoka (Uqikelelo):
● I-asidi ye-sulfuric (H₂SO₄): ingasetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-96% yoxinzelelo kubushushu begumbi; ilinganiselwe xa ibila
● I-Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): igqibelele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kwi-100°C
● I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl): inqunyelwe ukuba inyibilike (< 5%) kubushushu begumbi
● I-asidi yeNitric (HNO₃): ilungile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (ipayipi); I-ASTM B709 (ityhubhu) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW / LSAW: 219 - 1524mm |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 50mm |
| Uluhlu lweShedyuli | Ii-5S, ii-10S, ii-40S, ii-80S (ze-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m; Yandisiwe: 12m, 18m, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18m (inde xa iceliwe) |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo Esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo Esinezithende (BE) |
| Umphezulu wokugqiba | I-Annealed & Pickled, I-Annealed Eqaqambileyo |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm; Ubunzima: ±12.5% (nge-ASTM B775 nganye); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Ipayipi ye-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 ye-Welded Nickel Alloy (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obukhethiweyo)
| I-NPS | OD (mm) | Ishedyuli | Ubunzima (mm) | Ubunzima (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 40S | 2.77 | 1.27 | 6m | Inaliti yekhemikhali |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 40S | 2.87 | 1.69 | 6m | Imigca yezixhobo zomculo |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 40S | 3.38 | 2.50 | 6m | Imigca yokutya ye-asidi |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 40S | 3.68 | 4.05 | 6m | Inkqubo yokuhambisa imibhobho |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 40S | 3.91 | 5.44 | 6m / 12m | I-asidi ye-sulfuric |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | I-asidi ye-phosphoric |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Imigca ye-evaporator |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Ivenkile ye-FGD |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Umgca wobisi olumuncu olungaphandle kolwandle |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Ukuvuselelwa kwe-asidi |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Intloko ye-asidi ephambili |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwenyukliya |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 40S | 15.09 | 183.5 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 40S | 17.48 | 255.5 | 12m | Isicelo esikhethekileyo |
*Imilinganiselo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kwezi zigaba iyafumaneka. Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-N08825 zifuna ixesha elide lokutsala (ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-60) ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwestrip/plate ekhethekileyo.*
5. Imigangatho kunye neeGrade ze-Common Nickel Alloy ezenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNtsimbi / iAlloy | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo yokuWelda |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) | I-sulfuric, i-phosphoric acid | I-EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM B709 | I-UNS N08825 | Ityhubhu, umtshintshi wobushushu | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B619 | I-UNS N06022 (iHastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Iyakonakalisa kakhulu | I-EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM B622 | I-UNS N06022, N10276 | Ukufaka iityhubhu | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B464 | I-UNS N08020 (i-alloy engama-20) | I-asidi ye-sulfuric | I-EFW |
| I-ASTM B729 | I-UNS N08020 | Ukufaka iityhubhu | I-ERW |
Ukusetyenziswa:Izityalo ze-asidi (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃), ukucubungula kwakhona kwenyukliya, inkonzo yobisi oluvela ngaphandle, i-FGD, iinqanawa zamachiza.
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso – Umbhobho we-Nickel Alloy oWelded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ukuwelda i-nickel alloy kufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lokufakwa kobushushu kunye nonyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nokugqwala. I-Alloy 825 izinzile nge-titanium, kodwa ukufakwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo kusenokubangela ukuvakala okanye ukwahlulwahlulwa.
Inkqubo ye-ERW (yokuWelda ngokuxhathisa umbane) – Ububanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
●Uvavanyo lwezinto eziluhlaza (iStrip/Coil):Umcu we-alloy ye-nickel uqinisekisiwe ukuba uqulathe i-N08825 (Ni 38-46%, Cr 19.5-23.5%, Mo 2.5-3.5%, Cu 1.5-3.0%, Ti 0.6-1.2%). Ikhoyili nganye inenombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo enokulandelela ngokupheleleyo.
●Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa
●Ukucheba Umphetho Wemicu
●Ukwenziwa:Ukwakheka kweroli rhoqo.
●Ukuwelda Okuqhelekileyo:Ukufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ukuthintela ukwahlulwahlulwa. Ukuwelda kwindawo engasebenziyo (ukukhusela i-argon) ukuthintela i-oxidation.
●Ukugquma umthungo:Ukufakwa kwe-induction kulandele ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza.
●Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungisa
●Ukusika ubude
●I-NDT:Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ekhethiweyo.
●Isisombululo sokuNxuluba (Ipayipi Epheleleyo):980-1040°C, isitshisi samanzi (okanye umoya opholileyo ngokukhawuleza). Kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela ukumelana nokugqwala.
●Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
●Ukukha kunye nokuPasa(usebenzisa umxube we-asidi okhethekileyo kwii-alloys ze-nickel)
●Itshekhi ye-PMI (XRF) kunye neFerrite (akukho ferrite kwi-nickel alloy)
●Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokuMakisha
Inkqubo ye-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WIT):
●Ukulungiswa kwepleyiti:Ipleyiti ye-alloy ye-nickel, imiphetho ijikeleziswe (i-X bevel).
●Ukwenza iRoll
●Ukuwelda ngeeTack
●I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Isinyithi esidibanisa i-filler (ERNiCrMo-3 okanye i-ERNiCrMo-10), igesi exhasa i-argon ene-oxygen getter.
●Iipasi ze-SAW Fill kunye ne-Cap:Igalelo lobushushu eliphantsi (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm), ubushushu bokudlula phakathi ≤ 150°C. I-flux ekhethekileyo yee-alloys ze-nickel (i-sulfur ephantsi).
●I-Inner Weld (yeedayamitha ezinkulu)
●100% RT + UT(ngokwe-ASTM B775)
●Isisombululo sokuNgcwaba:Unyango olupheleleyo lobushushu bepayipi (980-1040°C), isitshisi samanzi.
●Ukukha kunye nokuPasa
●Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
●Uhlolo lwe-PMI kunye noBume
●Ukumakisha
Inkqubo ye-LSAW yee-Nickel Alloys – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):
● UOE okanye iJCOE eyenziwe ngepleyiti ye-nickel alloy
● Ukuwelda kwe-SAW emacaleni amabini kunye nokufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi
● Ukucoca isisombululo esipheleleyo emva kokuwelda
Amanqaku Olawulo Abalulekileyo Okuwelda kwe-N08825:
● Igalelo lobushushu: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (ithagethi ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Ubushushu be-Interpass: ≤ 150°C
● Igesi yokukhusela: I-Argon (100%) ye-TIG; i-argon + i-helium ye-SAW
● Ukucoca: Ukususa amafutha ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuwelda (ii-alloys ze-nickel ezibuthathaka kwi-sulfur kunye ne-lead)
● Ukucoca isisombululo: 980-1040°C, ukucima amanzi – kuyimfuneko.
● Akukho ferrite kwisinyithi esitshisiweyo (ii-weld ze-nickel alloy zi-austenitic ngokupheleleyo)
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwe-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES okanye ICP) | Qinisekisa imida ye-N08825 (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ti, Fe) |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Isivuno ≥ 240 MPa, Ukutsalwa ≥ 550 MPa |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Ukuqina | 75-85 HRB eqhelekileyo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuGqobhoka (ASTM G28) | Ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kweegranular (kwinkonzo ye-asidi ebalulekileyo) |
| Kwinkqubo | Ukubeka iliso ekufakweni kobushushu | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kwinkqubo | Ubushushu be-Interpass | ≤ 150°C |
| Ukuwelda (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ukunyaniseka kwe-Weld |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-100% UT (okanye i-PAUT) | Fumanisa iziphene zokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (10-100% ngokweenkcukacha) | Umgangatho wokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imingxunya yomphezulu |
| Emva kweSombululo se-Annealing | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni | Qinisekisa imeko yesisombululo esifakwe kwi-annealed |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa ibakala (iNi, iCr, iMo) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lokuGqobhoka (uQeqesho lwe-ASTM G28 A) | Ukuxhathisa kwe-IGC (ukuba kuchaziwe) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Okubonakalayo kunye nokuMakisha | Ukulandeleka |
Uvavanyo oluKhethekileyo lweNkonzo eBalulekileyo:
● I-ASTM G28 Practice A (50% H₂SO₄ – i-ferric sulfate) yokumelana nokugqwala phakathi kwe-granular
● Uvavanyo lwe-ASTM G48 pitting (kwi-FeCl₃, 6% kwi-40°C) lokumelana ne-chloride pitting
● Uvavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC lwenkonzo emuncu (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Uvavanyo lokuxinana kobushushu obuphezulu (umz., kwi-300°C)
● Umlinganiselo weFerrite (kufuneka ube < 1% kwii-alloys ze-nickel)
8. Izicelo eziphambili – ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
●Izityalo ze-sulfuric acid:Ukuphatha i-oleum (H₂SO₄ + SO₃), i-asidi exineneyo (96-98%), i-asidi enyibilikisiweyo (5-10%), kunye nemibhobho yokupholisa ene-asidi. Ithatha indawo yeentsimbi ezingenasici ezibola ngokukhawuleza.
●Ukuveliswa kwe-phosphorus acid (inkqubo emanzi):Ii-evaporators, ii-flash coolers, kunye ne-piping handling phosphoric acid ene-chloride kunye ne-fluoride. I-Alloy 825 iyamelana neemeko zokuxovula kunye nezokunciphisa.
●Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwamafutha enyukliya:Ukuphatha amafutha enyukliya asetyenzisiweyo anyibilikiswe kwi-nitric acid kunye ne-fluoride. I-N08825 iyamelana nokugqwala kule ndawo inamandla kakhulu (isetyenziswa kwizityalo zaseMagnox naseTHORP).
●Inkonzo yokupheka eshushu engaphandle kolwandle:Imveliso yeoyile negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-H₂S olungaphelelanga (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 bar) idityaniswe neekloridi eziphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-200°C. I-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile.
●Ukupholisa amanzi olwandle (ubushushu obuphezulu):Iinkqubo zamanzi okupholisa kwiindawo zokucoca ulwelo kunye nezikhululo zamandla zaselunxwemeni apho ubushushu bamanzi olwandle budlula i-45°C (apho i-2205 kunye ne-super duplex zinokuba nemingxunya). I-N08825 iyamelana nemingxunya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80°C.
●Imijelo yokuphuma kwegesi yokukhupha i-flue gas desulfurization (FGD):Ezantsi kwezifunxi apho kukho iigesi ze-asidi ezimanzi ezityebileyo kwi-chloride. I-Alloy 825 iyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhupha i-outlet ducting kunye nee-stack liners.
●Iinqanawa zokuthutha iikhemikhali:Iipayipi zemithwalo zeekhemikhali ezirhabaxa eziquka i-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid, kunye nee-organic acids. I-N08825 ivunyiwe ziinkampani ezinkulu zokuhambisa iikhemikhali.
●Izityalo zokucoca kunye nokuvuselela i-asidi:I-Hydrochloric acid (ediluted) kunye ne-mixed acid pickling lines ukuze kuveliswe intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
●Unyango lwamanzi amdaka:Inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso enokutsha kakhulu ivela kwizityalo zeekhemikhali (ii-asidi ezixutyiweyo, iimetali ezinzima, iikloridi).
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Ukupakisha:
●Ukhuseleko lokulwa nokugqwala:Isisongelo seplastiki okanye iphepha le-VCI. Kwinkonzo yeekhemikhali, akuvumelekanga ukushiyeka kweoyile (ukupakisha okucocekileyo).
●Iziphelo zokugqibela:Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki ezinzima (ezinemibala – ngokuqhelekileyo eziorenji kwi-N08825).
●Ukubopha (Ububanzi obuncinci):Umbhobho ngamnye ugoqwe ngokwawo, uze uhlanganiswe ngeentambo ezingezizo ezesinyithi (thintela ukudibana kweentambo zentsimbi ukuthintela ungcoliseko).
●Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu egqunywe ngeplastiki eneendandatho zefoam phakathi kwemibhobho.
●Iibhokisi zomthikwizicelo ezibalulekileyo (zenyukliya, zeyeza).
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
● Izikhongozeli ze-≤ 610mm, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiidayamitha ezinkulu.
●Amaxwebhu:I-MTC 3.1/3.2 (EN 10204), ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-hydro, iingxelo ze-UT/RT, ingxelo ye-PMI, ingxelo yovavanyo lokugqwala (ASTM G28 ukuba ichaziwe), ingxelo yobukhulu, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-COO. Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ – ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Kutheni Usebenzisana neWomic Steel kwiN08825 Welded Pipe?
● Uluhlu olupheleleyo lobungakanani: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ukuqhoboshela isisombululo esipheleleyo emva kokuwelda (980-1040°C, i-water quench).
● Uvavanyo lokugqwala oluphakathi kweegranular ngokwe-ASTM G28 ekhoyo (kuyimfuneko kwinkonzo ye-asidi).
● Isiqinisekiso se-NACE MR0175 senkonzo emuncu.
● Ulawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho – akukho ferrite kwisinyithi esitshixiweyo.
● Amaxesha okukhokela akhuphisanayo kwiipayipi ze-nickel alloy: iintsuku ezingama-60-75 kwi-ERW, iintsuku ezingama-75-90 kwi-EFW.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo) – Ipayipi Edibeneyo ye-ASTM B705 UNS N08825
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Incoloy 825 (N08825) kunye ne-Alloy 20 (N08020)?
A: Zombini zisetyenziselwa inkonzo ye-sulfuric acid. I-Alloy 20 (N08020) ine-nickel ephantsi (32-38%) kunye ne-chromium ephezulu (19-21%) kunye ne-copper. I-N08825 ine-nickel ephezulu (38-46%) kunye ne-molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) kunye nokuqina kwe-titanium. I-N08825 inokumelana ngcono ne-pitting kunye ne-chloride SCC kwaye ifanelekile ngakumbi kwinkonzo ye-sour (H₂S). I-Alloy 20 ingabizi kakhulu kwi-phosphoric acid kwaye inyibilikisa i-sulfuric acid ngaphandle kwe-chloride. I-N08825 idla ngokuchazwa kwiimeko ezirhabaxa ngakumbi.
Q: Ingaba i-N08825 iyamelana ne-sulfuric acid kuzo zonke iindawo ezixineneyo?
A: Hayi. I-N08825 ilungile kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-100°C, nakwizinga eliphakathi kwe-85-96% kumaqondo obushushu egumbi. Kwizinga eliphakathi (60-85%) nakwizinga lobushushu eliphezulu, amazinga okugqwala angaba phezulu. Kwizinga eliphezulu lobushushu elinoxinzelelo lwe-H₂SO₄ (> 90%, > 150°C), ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-Hastelloy C-276 zinokufuneka. Soloko ujonga iitshathi zokugqwala kwiimeko ezithile.
Q: Ngaba i-N08825 ifuna unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda emva kokuwelda?
A: Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, i-N08825 ingasetyenziswa kwimeko edibeneyo kuba ukuzinza kwe-titanium kuthintela ukuziva. Nangona kunjalo, i-ASTM B705 ifuna isisombululo sokuthintela (unyango lobushushu) kumbhobho odibeneyo ukuze uhlangabezane neempawu zoomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Womic yenza isisombululo sokuthintela kuzo zonke iipayipi ezidibeneyo. Kwi-welding yasentsimini, akukho PWHT ifunekayo kwi-N08825.
Q: Yeyiphi intsimbi yokuzalisa i-welding ecetyiswayo kwi-N08825?
A: I-AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) okanye i-ERNiCrMo-10 (Inconel 622) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekudibaniseni i-N08825. Isithambisi esihambelanayo singaba yi-ERNiCrMo-3. I-Womic isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 kwiinkqubo ze-EFW. Kwi-field welding, kucetyiswa isithambisi esifanayo.
Q: Ngaba i-N08825 ingasetyenziselwa inkonzo yamanzi olwandle?
A: Ewe. I-N08825 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nemingxunya emanzini olwandle, nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80°C). Idla ngokukhethwa kwiinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle kwiindawo zokucocisa kunye nezityalo zamandla zaselunxwemeni apho i-super duplex (2205) inokugqwala imingxuma kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi olwandle, i-duplex okanye i-super duplex yanele kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. I-N08825 idla ngokugcinelwa iinkqubo zamanzi olwandle ezineekhemikhali ezongezelelweyo zokugqwala (umz., amanzi olwandle ane-chlorine, ungcoliseko lwe-asidi).
Q: Ingaba i-N08825 ifanelekile kwinkonzo ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Ewe. I-N08825 ifanelekile ngokwe-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 yenkonzo ye-sour ene-H₂S engaphelelanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 bar (15 psi) nangaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kulawulo lobunzima. Ihlala isetyenziselwa iityhubhu ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ii-flowlines, kunye neepayipi zenkqubo kwiindawo zeoyile negesi ezimuncu apho i-2205 duplex inganelanga ngenxa ye-H₂S ephezulu okanye ii-chloride.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho odibeneyo we-UNS N08825?
A: Iintsuku ezingama-60-75 ze-ERW (ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi), iintsuku ezingama-75-90 ze-EFW/LSAW (ezinkulu). Amaxesha e-lead ade kuneentsimbi ezingenanto kuba umcu/ipleyiti ye-alloy iveliswa ngobuninzi obuncinci kunye namaxesha e-lead e-mill amade. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu kongeza iintsuku ezi-7-14. Ii-oda zokukhawulezisa (iintsuku ezingama-45-60) zinokwenzeka kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo ukuba izinto ezikhoyo.
Q: Ingakanani iqondo lobushushu lokusebenza eliphezulu kwi-N08825?
A: I-N08825 ingasetyenziswa kwinkonzo eqhubekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-550°C (1020°F) kwiindawo ezingezizo i-asidi. Kwinkonzo yokubola, ubushushu obuphezulu bunqunyelwe yi-corrodent. Kwi-sulfuric acid, inkonzo idla ngokunqunyelwa kwi-<100°C; kwi-phosphoric acid ukuya kwi-<150°C. Kwinkonzo yokuxoxisa ubushushu obuphezulu, kucetyiswa ii-alloys ezine-chromium ephezulu (njenge-Alloy 600, 601, okanye 625).
Isalathiso seProjekthi – I-North American Sulfuric Acid Plant Reboiler kunye ne-Piping Replacement
Ilizwe:I-United States (eLouisiana, iGulf Coast chemical corridor)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Ishedyuli 40S (8.18mm WIT) – 600 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-20) – Inkqubo ye-EFW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ishedyuli 40S (7.11mm WIT) – 400 metres (malunga neetoni ezili-10) – Inkqubo ye-EFW
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Ishedyuli 40S (5.49mm WT) – 800 metres (malunga neetoni ezisi-8) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Ishedyuli 80S (5.54mm WIT) – 1,000 metres (malunga neetoni ezi-6) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-2,800, malunga neetoni ezingama-44
Iinkcukacha:Isisombululo se-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 sifakwe i-anneal ne-pickled, iziphelo ezibengezelayo. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic. I-100% UT kwimibhobho ye-EFW, i-eddy current + UT ye-ERW. I-PMI kuyo yonke imibhobho. Uvavanyo lokugqwala oluyimfuneko phakathi kwegranular ngokwe-ASTM G28 Practice A (indlela ye-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) – izinga lokugqwala < 10 mpy (mil ngonyaka). Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa i-hydrofluoric acid (umthengi othile). Uhlolo lomntu wesithathu yi-SGS USA.
Isicelo:Ukutshintshwa kwemibhobho yokubuyisela i-acid kunye nemigca yenkqubo ehambelana nayo kwisityalo sokuvuselela i-sulfuric acid. Isityalo sibuyisela i-sulfuric acid echithwe kwiiyunithi ze-alkylation (i-refinery) ngokubola nokuphinda sibunjwe. Le mibhobho iphatha i-sulfuric acid eshushu (85-95% H₂SO₄) kwi-150-200°C kwicandelo lokubuyisela i-acid, kunye ne-dilute acid (5-10% H₂SO₄) kwi-80-100°C kwicandelo lokucima. I-Alloy 20 yangaphambili (N08020) imibhobho yasilela emva kweminyaka emi-4 ngenxa yokugqwala kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-intergranular. I-N08825 ikhethwe ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwayo okuphezulu kwi-acid exineneyo nedilute, kunye nokuzinza kwayo kwe-titanium.
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
●I-asidi ye-sulfuric exineneyo eshushu kakhulu (85-95%, 150-200°C)– I-Alloy 20 iyabola ngamanani angaphezulu kwe-50 mpy phantsi kwezi meko. I-N08825 enesisombululo esifakwe kwi-anneal kunye ne-metallurgy efanelekileyo ibonelela ngesantya sokubola esingaphantsi kwe-5 mpy kuvavanyo lwe-ASTM G28 nakwisisombululo senkqubo esilingisiweyo somthengi (85% H₂SO₄ kwi-180°C, iiyure ezingama-336). I-Womic ibonelele ngeengxelo zovavanyo lwe-mill kunye neekhuphoni zovavanyo lokubola.
●Umngcipheko wokugqwala phakathi kweegranules emva kokuwelda– Nangona i-N08825 izinzile nge-titanium, ukufakelwa kobushushu okungafanelekanga ngexesha lokwenziwa kunokubangela ukuna kwe-chromium carbide kwimida yeenkozo. Ukufakwa kobushushu obulawulwa yi-Womic weld ukuya kwi-≤ 1.2 kJ/mm kwaye kwenziwe i-annealing epheleleyo yesisombululo emva kokuwelda. Uvavanyo lwe-ASTM G28 kwiisampuli zokuwelda lubonise izinga lokugqwala eliyi-4-7 mpy (ngaphantsi komda we-10 mpy).
●Isiqinisekiso senkqubo yokuwelda yasentsimini– Iqela lolondolozo lwezityalo bekufuneka lenze ukulungiswa kwentsimi. I-Womic inikezele ngeekhuphoni ezingama-20 ze-weld ze-6″ Schedule 40S kunye ne-WPS ecetyiswayo: GTAW ene-ERNiCrMo-3 filler, i-100% argon backing, i-interpass ≤ 150°C. Iikhuphoni ziphumelele uvavanyo lwe-radiographic, i-PT, kunye ne-ASTM G28. Iqela le-welding lomthengi liqinisekisile le nkqubo.
●Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-PMI - ukwahlula i-N08825 kwii-alloys ezisezantsi– Umngcipheko wokuxuba i-N08825 ne-Alloy 825 (i-UNS efanayo) xa kuthelekiswa ne-Alloy 625 (umxube owahlukileyo). I-Womic yenze i-XRF kumbhobho ngamnye yaza yabhala iilebhile nganye ngeethegi ezinemibala (i-orenji kwi-825). Akukho mxube wenzekileyo.
●Uthutho ngexesha lotshintsho olucwangcisiweyo (ukuvalwa kweeveki ezi-4)– Iipayipi zathunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eNew Orleans, zaza zathunyelwa ngelori ukuya kwindawo yaseLouisiana. Zonke iitoni ezingama-44 zathunyelwa kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwenziwa. I-Womic inikezele ngeziqinisekiso zomatshini wokugaya eziqinisekisiweyo (EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.2) kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lokugqwala kwangaphambili ukuze kuvunywe yi-QA yomthengi.
Isiphumo:Isityalo sokuvuselela i-asidi siqaliswe kwakhona ngempumelelo emva kokulungiswa. Emva kweenyanga ezili-12 zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kwemibhobho ye-N08825 akubonisi monakalo olinganisekayo, akukho kuqhekeka, kwaye akukho kuhlaselwa phakathi kweengqukuva. Umthengi uqikelele ukuba imibhobho emitsha iya kuhlala iminyaka eli-15 nangaphezulu (xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka emi-4 ye-Alloy 20). I-Womic Steel yongezwe kuluhlu lwezinto ezivunyiweyo zesityalo ukuze kutshintshwe inkonzo ye-asidi kwixesha elizayo.
Qhagamshelana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo le-ASTM B705 UNS N08825 welded nickel alloy pipes zezityalo ze-sulfuric kunye ne-phosphoric acid, i-nuclear reprocessing, inkonzo ye-offshore sour, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi olwandle ashushu kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
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