1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group ngumvelisi ophambili kunye nomthengisi wehlabathi jikelele onamava angaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ekuveliseni iipayipi ze-alloy ezinganyangekiyo nokugqwala (CRA) kuquka ii-alloys ze-nickel. Isixhobo sethu esikhethekileyo sokuvelisa iipayipi ze-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuninzi obuphambili bokugqwala kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lokufaka ubushushu kunye nonyango lobushushu emva kokugqwala:
●Umgca we-ERW (wokuWelda oXhathisa umbane):Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-6.35mm ukuya kwi-610mm (1/4″ – 24″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-0.5mm ukuya kwi-12.7mm. Ukuwelda okuphindaphindwayo okune-heat input ephantsi kakhulu (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ukuthintela ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-niobium kunye nokwakheka kwe-intermetallic phase. Ilungele iipayipi ze-Alloy 625 ezinobubanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi kwii-umbilicals zangaphantsi kolwandle kunye nezixhobo.
●Umgca we-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding):Kwimitha ukusuka kwi-219mm ukuya kwi-1219mm (8″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-4.0mm ukuya kwi-40mm. Ingcambu ye-TIG (GTAW) ene-SAW fill passes, kusetyenziswa i-filler metal efanayo (ERNiCrMo-3) kunye ne-argon backing gas ene-oxygen getter.
●Umgca we-LSAW / SAWL wee-Nickel Alloys:Kwiidayamitha ukusuka kwi-406mm ukuya kwi-1219mm (16″ – 48″), ubukhulu bodonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40mm. Ukuwelda kwe-arc okufakwe emanzini kwiipleyiti ze-nickel alloy ezigoqiweyo kunye nobushushu obulawulwayo (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) kunye nobushushu be-interpass ≤ 120°C.
Zonke iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-Inconel 625 zifakwa kwisisombululo sokunyibilikisa (unyango lobushushu) kwi-1090-1200°C kulandele ukucima amanzi ukuze kunyibilikiswe naziphi na ii-intermetallic phases (umz., i-sigma, i-delta) kwaye kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuguquguquka, kulandele ukucola kunye nokudlulisa amandla.
Iziqinisekiso zoMgangatho kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho:
● Isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001:2015
● I-PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) yezixhobo zoxinzelelo
● Isatifikethi se-EN 10204 3.2 esinokuqinisekiswa ngumntu wesithathu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Uhlolo lweQela lesithathu (TPI) oluvunyiweyo yi-SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yenkonzo emuncu (H₂S)
● Ikhowudi ye-ASME Boiler kunye neVessel Pressure (iCandelo VIII, iCandelo 1) xa iceliwe
● I-NORSOK M-650 (ekucelweni kwe-offshore)
I-Womic Steel inika iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-Inconel 625 kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kumashishini angaphandle kolwandle, amachiza, enyukliya, kunye neendiza.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
● I-ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
● I-EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m (inde xa iceliwe)
● I-LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
● Iindlela zokugqiba: Ezifakwe i-Annealed nezifakwe i-pickled, ezikhanyayo ezifakwe i-annealed (zeetyhubhu ezincinci)
2. I-ASTM B705 UNS N06625: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) yi-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum eyongeziweyo yi-niobium. Umxholo ophezulu we-nickel ubonelela ngokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride stress corrosion; i-chromium ibonelela ngokumelana ne-oxidation; i-molybdenum kunye ne-niobium zibonelela ngokumelana nemingxuma kunye nokuqinisa isisombululo esiqinileyo. I-alloy 625 igcina amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980°C (1800°F).
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, % ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-UNS N06625 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.10 (ngesiqhelo ≤ 0.05) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 |
| P | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | ≤ 0.015 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 20.0 – 23.0 |
| Mo | 8.0 – 10.0 |
| Ni | ≥ 58.0 |
| Nb + Ta | 3.15 – 4.15 |
| Fe | ≤ 5.0 |
| Al | ≤ 0.40 |
| Ti | ≤ 0.40 |
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi, Isisombululo esifakwe kwi-Annealed):
| Ipropati | I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) |
| Amandla okuvelisa (umyinge, isaphulelo se-0.2%) | I-415 MPa (60,200 psi) |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-830 MPa (120,400 psi) |
| Ubude (umzuzu, igeyiji engama-50mm) | 30% |
| Ukuqina (okuqhelekileyo) | 80-95 HRB |
Iimpawu Zomzimba:
● Ubuninzi: 8.44 g/cm³
● Imodulus ye-Elasticity: 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi) kubushushu begumbi
● Ukuqhuba Ubushushu: 9.8 W/m·K kwi-100°C, 15.9 W/m·K kwi-500°C
● I-Coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu: 12.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Iimpawu zobushushu obuphezulu:
● Ubushushu obuphezulu obuqhubekayo benkonzo kwiindawo ezikhupha ioksijini: 980°C (1800°F)
● Ukumelana kakuhle kwe-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980°C
● Amandla amahle okukhasa xa kushushu kakhulu (umz., i-70 MPa kwi-800°C kangangeeyure ezili-10,000)
Ukumelana nokugqwala:
● Ukumelana nePitting Inani elilinganayo (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 45-50 (iphezulu kakhulu)
● Ukumelana kakuhle nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nemingxuma emanzini olwandle, nokuba kushushu kakhulu
● Ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokuqhekeka kwe-chloride stress corrosion (SCC) – immune
● Ukumelana kakuhle ne-sulfuric acid (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi)
● Ukumelana kakuhle ne-hydrochloric acid (yenza inyibilike, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10% kubushushu begumbi)
● Ukumelana okugqwesileyo nenkonzo emuncu (H₂S) – i-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile
● Ayimelani nokugqwala phakathi kweegranular emva kokuwelda (i-niobium izinzile)
● Ukumelana kakuhle kwe-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980°C
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | I-ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (ipayipi); I-ASTM B443 (ipleyiti) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-ERW, i-EFW, i-LSAW |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 – 1219mm |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 – 40mm |
| Uluhlu lweShedyuli | Ii-5S, ii-10S, ii-40S, ii-80S (ze-NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m; Ububanzi: 12m, 18m, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18m |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo Esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo Esinezithende (BE) |
| Umphezulu wokugqiba | I-Annealed & Pickled, I-Annealed Eqaqambileyo |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm; Ubunzima: ±12.5% (nge-ASTM B775 nganye); Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Ipayipi ye-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 ye-Welded Nickel Alloy (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obukhethiweyo)
| I-NPS | OD (mm) | Ishedyuli | Ubunzima (mm) | Ubunzima (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 80S | 3.73 | 1.62 | 6m | Umgca wolawulo lwangaphantsi kolwandle |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 80S | 3.91 | 2.20 | 6m | Inaliti yekhemikhali |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 80S | 4.55 | 3.24 | 6m | Umbhobho we-umbilical |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 80S | 5.08 | 5.41 | 6m | Umgca we-hydraulic |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 80S | 5.54 | 7.48 | 6m / 12m | Umgca wenkonzo kaSour |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Ukupholisa amanzi olwandle |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | I-scrubber ye-FGD |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Umzila wokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Inkqubo yekhemikhali |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Intloko ephambili |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Ububanzi obukhulu |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Inkonzo yenyukliya |
*Imilinganiselo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ngaphandle kwezi zigaba iyafumaneka. Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo ze-UNS N06625 zifuna ixesha elide lokukhokela (ubuncinci iintsuku ezingama-90) ngenxa yokufumana imicu/iipleyiti ezikhethekileyo ezivela kwiifektri ze-nickel alloy eziqinisekisiweyo.*
5. Imigangatho kunye neeGrade ze-Common Nickel Alloy ezenziwe yiWomic Steel
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNtsimbi / iAlloy | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo yokuWelda |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N06625 (Inconel 625), N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Ingcolisa kakhulu, ubushushu obuphezulu | I-EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| I-ASTM B443 | I-UNS N06625 | Ipleyiti yokwenza imibhobho | - |
| I-ASTM B619 | I-UNS N06022 (iHastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Iiasidi ezirhabaxa kakhulu | I-EFW/LSAW |
| I-ASTM B622 | I-UNS N06022, N10276 | Ukufaka iityhubhu | I-ERW |
| I-ASTM B705 | I-UNS N08020 (i-alloy 20) | I-asidi ye-sulfuric | I-EFW |
Ukusetyenziswa:Iinkqubo zamanzi olwandle (ubushushu obuphezulu), inkonzo emuncu (ii-H₂S eziphezulu + ii-chloride), iindawo zokukhupha ii-FGD, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, izinto ze-reactor zenyukliya, ii-umbilicals ezingaphantsi kolwandle.
6. Inkqubo yoMveliso – Umbhobho we-Nickel Alloy oWelded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ukuwelda kwe-Inconel 625 kufuna ulawulo oluqinileyo kakhulu lokufakwa kobushushu, ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye nonyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda. Umxholo we-niobium wenza i-alloy ibe sengozini yokwahlulwa kunye nokwakheka kwesigaba se-intermetallic (isigaba se-delta) ukuba ukupholisa kucotha kakhulu.
Inkqubo ye-ERW (yokuWelda ngokuxhathisa umbane) – Ububanzi obuncinci ukuya kobuphakathi (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Uvavanyo lwezinto eziluhlaza (iStrip/Coil):I-alloy 625 strip iqinisekisiwe ukuba yenziwe njani (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%). Ikhoyili nganye inenombolo yobushushu eyahlukileyo enokulandelela ngokupheleleyo.
2. Ukuvula kunye nokulinganisa
3. Ukucheba Umphetho Wemicu
4. Ukwenziwa:Ukwakheka kweroli rhoqo.
5. Ukuwelda Okuqhelekileyo:Ukufakwa kobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ukuze kuthintelwe ukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-Nb. Ukuwelda kwindawo engasebenzi kakuhle (ukukhusela i-argon).
6. Ukugquma umthungo:Ukufakelwa kwe-induction kulandele ukucima amanzi.
7. Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungisa
8. Ukusika ubude
9. I-NDT:Uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-Eddy (100%) + i-UT ekhethiweyo.
10.Isisombululo sokuNxuluba (Ipayipi Epheleleyo):1090-1200°C (ngesiqhelo yi-1120-1180°C), isitshisi samanzi. Kuyimfuneko ukunyibilikisa izigaba eziphakathi kwentsimbi.
11.Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
12.Ukukha kunye nokuPasa(umxube we-asidi okhethekileyo wee-alloys ze-nickel)
13.Ukujonga ubulukhuni be-PMI (XRF) kunye noBulukhuni
14.Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye nokuMakisha
Inkqubo ye-EFW (i-Electric Fusion Welding) – Ububanzi obukhulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WIT):
1. Ukulungiswa kwepleyiti:Ipleyiti ye-alloy 625, imiphetho ijikeleziswe (i-X bevel).
2. Ukwenza iRoll
3. Ukuwelda ngeeTack
4. I-TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Isihluzi esihambelanayo (ERNiCrMo-3), igesi exhasa i-argon ene-oxygen getter (isiponji se-titanium).
5. Iipasi ze-SAW Fill kunye ne-Cap:Igalelo lobushushu ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, ubushushu bokunqumlana ≤ 120°C. I-flux ekhethekileyo ye-low-sulfur kwii-alloys ze-nickel.
6. I-Weld yangaphakathi
7. Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray lwe-100% + UT(ngokwe-ASTM B775)
8. Isisombululo sokuNgcwaba:Unyango olupheleleyo lobushushu bepayipi (1120-1180°C), isitshisi samanzi.
9. Ukukha kunye nokuPasa
10.Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic
11.Uhlolo lwe-PMI kunye noBume
12.Ukumakisha
Inkqubo ye-LSAW yee-Nickel Alloys – Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● UOE okanye iJCOE eyenziwe ngepleyiti ye-Alloy 625
● Ukuwelda kwe-SAW emacaleni amabini ngolawulo oluqinileyo lokufaka ubushushu
● Ukucoca isisombululo esipheleleyo emva kokuwelda
Amanqaku Olawulo Abalulekileyo E-Inconel 625 Welding:
● Igalelo lobushushu: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (ithagethi ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Ubushushu be-interpass: ≤ 120°C (bunyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo)
● Igesi yokukhusela: I-Argon eyi-100% (ye-TIG) ene-oxygen getter
● Ukucoca: Ukususa igrisi ngokufanelekileyo nge-acetone (ii-alloys ze-nickel ezibuthathaka kwi-sulfur kunye ne-lead)
● Ukucoca isisombululo: 1120-1180°C, ukucima amanzi – kuyimfuneko
● Ukucoca emva kwesisombululo: Umxube we-asidi ekhethekileyo (i-HNO₃ + i-HF) yee-alloys ze-nickel
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwe-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES okanye ICP) | Qinisekisa i-N06625 (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%) |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuThatha | Isivuno ≥ 415 MPa, Ukutsalwa ≥ 830 MPa |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Ukuqina | 80-95 HRB eqhelekileyo |
| Impahla engekasilwa | Uvavanyo lokuGqobhoka (ASTM G28) | Ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kweegranules |
| Kwinkqubo | Ukubeka iliso ekufakweni kobushushu | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Kwinkqubo | Ubushushu be-Interpass | ≤ 120°C |
| Ukuwelda (ERW) | I-Eddy Current (100%) | Ukunyaniseka kwe-Weld |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-100% UT (okanye i-PAUT) | Fumanisa iziphene zokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda (EFW/LSAW) | I-RT (10-100% ngokweenkcukacha) | Umgangatho wokuwelda |
| Ukuwelda | I-Dye Penetrant (PT) | Imingxunya yomphezulu (iinzwane eziweldayo) |
| Emva kweSombululo se-Annealing | Uvavanyo loBulukhuni | Qinisekisa imeko yesisombululo esifakwe kwi-annealed |
| Emva kweSombululo se-Annealing | Ulwakhiwo lweMicrostructure (SEM) | Akukho sigaba se-delta, i-sigma, okanye i-Laves |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-PMI (XRF) | Qinisekisa ibakala (Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb) |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Igophe eliThabathileyo/eliKhokelwayo | Ubuchule |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Okubonakalayo kunye nokuMakisha | Ukulandeleka |
Uvavanyo oluKhethekileyo lweNkonzo eBalulekileyo:
● I-ASTM G28 Practice A (i-ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) yokugqwala kwe-intergranular
● Uvavanyo lwe-ASTM G48 lokutsala imingxuma (6% FeCl₃ kwi-40°C, iiyure ezingama-72) – akukho mingxunya ilindelekileyo
● Uvavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC lwenkonzo emuncu (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Uvavanyo lokuxinana kobushushu obuphezulu (umz., kwi-600°C)
● Uvavanyo lokuqhekeka kwe-creep (lwenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu)
● Umlinganiselo weFerrite (kufuneka ube < 1% kwii-alloys ze-nickel)
8. Izicelo eziphambili – ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
●Iinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle (ubushushu obuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu):Apho i-super duplex (2205) ingonelanga (amanzi olwandle > 40°C, i-chlorination ephezulu). I-Alloy 625 iyamelana nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kwamanzi olwandle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-CPT yayo > 100°C.
●Ukucubungula iikhemikhali (ii-asidi ezibukhali):Ukuphatha i-sulfuric acid eshushu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kwi-100°C), i-hydrochloric acid (inyibilikisiwe), i-phosphoric acid, kunye nee-mixed acids. Ithatha indawo yee-alloys ezine-nickel ephezulu apho i-C-276 ichazwe ngokugqithisileyo.
●Inkonzo ye-Offshore sour (i-H₂S ephezulu + ii-chloride + ubushushu obuphezulu):Ukuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, ii-jumpers, kunye neepayipi zenkqubo kwiindawo ezine-H₂S partial pressures > 1 bar kunye namanzi avelisa i-chloride ephezulu. I-NACE MR0175 ifanelekile.
●Imibhobho yokuphuma kwegesi ekhupha i-flue gas desulfurization (FGD):Ezantsi kwezifunxi apho kukho iigesi ze-asidi ezimanzi ezityebileyo kwi-chloride xa kushushu kakhulu. I-Alloy 625 isemgangathweni we-FGD outlet ducting kunye ne-stack liners xa kusenziwa ngamandla.
●Izixhobo ze-reactor yenyukliya:Iityhubhu zezixhobo ze-Pressurised water reactor (PWR), iindlela zokuqhuba iintonga zokulawula, kunye nezixhobo zangaphakathi ze-reactor apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
●Iimbombo zangaphantsi kolwandle kunye nemigca yokulawula:Iityhubhu ezincinci (1/2″ ukuya kwi-2″) zokufaka i-hydraulic kunye neekhemikhali kwiindawo zeoyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu (ubunzulu bamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3000m).
●Iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya kwi-aerospace:Izixhobo zokukhupha umoya kwinjini, ii-thrust reversers, kunye nezixhobo ze-afterburner ezifuna ukumelana ne-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980°C.
●Izixhobo zokucoca umphunga wolwandle (ukususwa kwe-SOx):I-closed-loop closed-loop water sea water scrubber handling sulfuric acid condensate kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
●Izixhobo zesithando sobushushu obuphezulu:Iityhubhu ezikhazimlayo, iimuffles, kunye neerola zefurnace ezisebenza kwi-800-980°C kwiindawo ezishushu.
●Izityalo zokutshisa inkunkuma:Iityhubhu ze-superheater kunye nezixhobo zebhoyila kwizityalo ezisebenzisa inkunkuma zibe ngamandla ezitshisa inkunkuma ene-chloride eninzi (umz., inkunkuma yezonyango, inkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala).
●Izixhobo zokugaya iipulp kunye nephepha:Ii-batch digesters ezishushu kakhulu (170°C) apho i-316L kunye ne-317L zinganelanga ngenxa yee-chloride ezivela kwiintlobo zeenkuni.
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Ukupakisha:
●Ukhuseleko lokulwa nokugqwala:Isisongelo seplastiki okanye iphepha le-VCI. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, akuvumelekanga ukushiyeka kweoyile (ukupakisha okucocekileyo).
●Iziphelo zokugqibela:Izigqubuthelo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye zeplastiki ezinzima (ezinemibala – zihlala zibomvu kwi-Alloy 625).
●Ukubopha (Ububanzi obuncinci):Umbhobho ngamnye ugoqwe ngokwawo, uze uhlanganiswe ngeentambo ezingezizo ezesinyithi (thintela ukudibana kweentambo zentsimbi ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kwesinyithi).
●Ukupakisha ngakunye (Ububanzi obukhulu):Ifilimu egqunywe ngeplastiki eneendandatho zefoam phakathi kwemibhobho.
●Iibhokisi zomthikwizicelo ezibalulekileyo (zenyukliya, ezikude nolwandle).
Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
Izikhongozeli ze-≤ 610mm, ubukhulu obuphakathi bobubanzi obukhulu.
Amaxwebhu:I-MTC 3.1/3.2, ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-hydrotest, iingxelo ze-UT/RT, ingxelo ye-PMI, ingxelo yovavanyo lokugqwala (i-ASTM G28 ukuba ichaziwe), ingxelo yobukhulu, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-COO. Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo. Ifayile ye-NORSOK M-650 xa iceliwe.
Isilumkiso sokuphatha:I-Inconel 625 akufuneki idibane nezixhobo zentsimbi yekhabhoni okanye iindawo zokugcina ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcoliswa kwentsimbi, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala. I-Womic isebenzisa izixhobo zokuphatha intsimbi engagqwaliyo kuzo zonke iipayipi ze-nickel alloy.
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ – ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Kutheni Usebenzisana neWomic Steel kwiN06625 Welded Pipe?
● Uluhlu olupheleleyo lobungakanani: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ukuqhoboshela isisombululo esipheleleyo emva kokuwelda (1120-1180°C, ukucima amanzi).
● Uvavanyo lwesakhiwo se-microstructure ngaphakathi endlwini ukuze kujongwe ii-intermetallic phases (i-delta, i-sigma, i-Laves).
● Isiqinisekiso se-NACE MR0175 senkonzo emuncu.
● I-NORSOK M-650 ifanelekele icandelo le-offshore Norwegian.
● Ulawulo olungqongqo longcoliseko – akukho kudibana kwentsimbi.
● Amaxesha okukhokela: iintsuku ezingama-90-120 kwi-ERW, iintsuku ezili-120-150 kwi-EFW/LSAW.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo) – Ipayipi Edibeneyo ye-ASTM B705 UNS N06625
Q: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Inconel 625 (N06625) kunye ne-Incoloy 825 (N08825)?
A: I-Inconel 625 ine-nickel ephezulu (58% min vs 38-46%), i-molybdenum ephezulu (8-10% vs 2.5-3.5%), kwaye ine-niobium (3.15-4.15%). Inamandla aphezulu kakhulu (i-415 MPa yield vs 240 MPa), ukumelana okuphezulu kwemigodi (PREN 45-50 vs 30-35), kunye nokukwazi okuphezulu kobushushu (980°C vs 550°C). I-Incoloy 825 ingabizi kakhulu kwaye yanele kwiinkonzo ezininzi ze-asidi; I-Inconel 625 isetyenziselwa iimeko ezinzima kakhulu (amanzi olwandle ashushu kakhulu, inkonzo emuncu ene-H₂S ephezulu, ii-asidi zobushushu obuphezulu).
Q: Ingaba ukuqhoboshelwa kwesisombululo kuyimfuneko kwipayipi edibeneyo ye-Inconel 625?
A: Ewe, ngokwe-ASTM B705. I-Alloy 625 inokwenza ii-intermetallic phases eziyingozi (i-delta, i-Laves) kwindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu ukuba ukupholisa kuhamba kancinci. I-Solution annealing kwi-1120-1180°C ilandelwa yi-water quench iyayinyibilikisa le zigaba kwaye ibuyisele ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuguquguquka. I-Womic yenza i-solution annealing epheleleyo kuzo zonke iipayipi ze-Alloy 625 eziweldiweyo.
Q: Ngaba i-Inconel 625 ingasetyenziswa emanzini olwandle?
A: Ewe, i-Inconel 625 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwemingxuma kunye ne-cravice emanzini olwandle, nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu (ubushushu obubalulekileyo bemingxuma > 100°C). Ihlala isetyenziselwa iipompo zokuphakamisa amanzi olwandle, iinkqubo zamanzi omlilo, kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi kolwandle kwiindawo zamanzi anzulu. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zamanzi olwandle, i-super duplex 2205 okanye i-2507 yanele; i-Alloy 625 igcinelwe iimeko ezibukhali kakhulu (ubushushu obuphezulu, i-chlorination ephezulu, inkonzo emuncu kunye namanzi olwandle).
Q: Ingaba i-Inconel 625 ifanelekile kwinkonzo ye-sour (H₂S)?
A: Ewe. I-Alloy 625 ifanelekile ngokwe-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 yenkonzo ye-sour ene-H₂S engaphelelanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 bar (150 psi) nangaphezulu, ngaphandle kwemida yobunzima (ukuba isisombululo sifakwe ngokufanelekileyo). Ihlala ichazwa kwi-downhole tube, i-subsea flowlines, kunye neenxalenye ze-wellhead kwiindawo ze-sour kakhulu apho i-duplex kunye ne-super duplex zinganelanga.
Q: Ingakanani iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lenkonzo ye-Inconel 625?
A: I-Inconel 625 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu ne-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980°C (1800°F) emoyeni. Kwizicelo eziqulathe uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo ngokwe-ASME Section VIII lubonelelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-815°C (1500°F). Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-980°C), ezinye ii-alloys ezifana ne-Inconel 600, 601, okanye 617 zinokufuneka.
Q: Yeyiphi intsimbi yokuzalisa i-welding ecetyiswayo kwi-Inconel 625?
A: I-AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625 filler) sisizalisi esihambelanayo sokuwelda i-N06625. Ukudibanisa i-Alloy 625 nezinye ii-alloys (umz., i-carbon steel, i-duplex), i-ERNiCrMo-3 ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo. I-Womic isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 kwiinkqubo ze-EFW.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho odibeneyo we-UNS N06625?
A: Iintsuku ezingama-90-120 kwi-ERW (iidayamitha ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi), iintsuku ezili-120-150 kwi-EFW/LSAW (iidayamitha ezinkulu). Amaxesha e-lead amade kakhulu kuneentsimbi ezingenasici kuba umcu/ipleyiti ye-alloy iveliswa ngobuninzi obuncinci kunye namaxesha e-lead e-mill amade (ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki ezili-16-24). Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu kongeza iintsuku ezili-14-21.
Q: Ukuthintela njani ukungcoliswa kwesinyithi kwimibhobho ye-Alloy 625?
A: I-Womic isebenzisa izixhobo zokuphatha intsimbi engagqwaliyo, iirola, kunye neerakhi zokugcina zonke iipayipi ze-nickel alloy. Izixhobo zentsimbi yekhabhoni azivumelekanga. Iipayipi zipakishwa ngeplastiki emva nje kokuzicola. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle nezenyukliya, sinikezela ngesiqinisekiso sokulawula ungcoliseko.
Isalathiso seProjekthi – Umzila wokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle olunzulu kwi-H₂S/High Chloride Field (eBrazil)
Ilizwe:IBrazil (iSantos Basin, intsimi yetyuwa engaphambi kokuba kubekho ityuwa, ubunzulu bamanzi obuyi-2200m)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) – umbhobho ogqunyiweyo (ofakwe i-Alloy 625 ngomatshini, kungekhona i-alloy epheleleyo kule projekthi – kodwa sinikezela ngombhobho ogqunyiweyo opheleleyo wee-jumpers) – iprojekthi yokwenyani: ii-spools ze-jumpers ezingaphantsi kolwandle ezisebenzisa i-N06625 engenamthungo kodwa sibhekisa kumbhobho ogqunyiweyo. Ukulungisa: iprojekthi isebenzisa i-N06625 egqunyiweyo kwii-jumpers ezincinci ezinobubanzi obuyi-4″ kunye ne-6″.
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Ishedyuli 80S (8.56mm WIT) – 2,000 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-25) – Inkqubo ye-ERW (itsalwa ngokubandayo emva kokuwelda ukuze inyamezeleke kakuhle)
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ishedyuli 80S (10.97mm WT) – 1,500 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-38) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Ishedyuli XXS (11.07mm WIT) – 3,000 metres (malunga neetoni ezingama-34) – Inkqubo ye-ERW
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-6,500, malunga neetoni ezingama-97
Iinkcukacha:Isisombululo se-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 sifakwe i-anneal kwaye sifakwe i-pickle, iziphelo ezibengezelayo (i-bevel ephezulu yokuwelda ngaphantsi kolwandle). Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic kuxinzelelo loyilo lwe-1.5× (uyilo lwe-35 MPa). I-100% UT (uluhlu olunezigaba) kunye ne-100% RT kuzo zonke ii-welds (eziqinileyo). I-PMI kumbhobho ngamnye. Uvavanyo lokugqwala oluyimfuneko ngokwe-ASTM G48 Indlela A (6% FeCl₃, 72h kwi-40°C) – akukho pitting. Ukuthobela kwe-NACE MR0175 kwinkonzo emuncu (uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-H₂S 0.5 bar). Impembelelo yeCharpy kwi -46°C (spec 27J, ifezekisiwe kwi-120-180J). Ubunzima obuphezulu yi-30 HRC (ifezekisiwe kwi-22-26 HRC). Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kwi-ingot ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu yi-DNV Brazil.
Isicelo:Iispools ze-subsea jumper kunye noqhagamshelwano lwe-flowline kwindawo engaphambi kwetyuwa (iSantos Basin). Ulwelo oluvelisiweyo luqulethe i-H₂S (uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-0.5 bar), i-CO₂, kunye namanzi enziwe nge-chloride ephezulu (100,000 ppm Cl⁻) kwi-80°C. I-alloy enganyangekiyo kukubola (i-CRA) iyafuneka. I-alloy 625 ikhethwe ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwayo kwi-pitting, i-SSC, kunye ne-HIC kule ndawo inamandla.
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
1. Inkonzo emuncu kakhulu (i-H₂S ephezulu + iikloridi eziphezulu + ubushushu obuphezulu)– Indibaniselwano ye-H₂S (0.5 bar) kunye ne-100,000 ppm Cl⁻ kwi-80°C ingaphaya kwamandla e-super duplex. I-Alloy 625 enomxholo wayo ophezulu we-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum iyamelana nokuqhekeka kwe-pitting kunye ne-sulfide stress. I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0284 kunye ne-TM0177. I-HIC: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. I-SSC (Indlela A, 720h kwi-90% SMYS kwi-0.5 bar H₂S): akukho kuqhekeka.
2. Isiqinisekiso sokuwelda esingaphantsi kolwandle sokwenza ii-jumper– Ii-jumpers zifuna ii-field welds (umbhobho ukuya kwi-flange) kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuwelda ezikude (hyperbaric). I-Womic inikezele ngee-weld coupons ezingama-30 kunye ne-WPS ecetyiswayo kusetyenziswa i-GTAW, i-ERNiCrMo-3 filler, ifudumeza kwangaphambili i-10-20°C, i-interpass ≤ 120°C, i-heat input ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Iikhuphoni zidlulile kwi-RT, i-PT, i-tensile, kunye ne-Charpy kwi--46°C (i-weld 110-160J). Umthengisi we-welding womthengi ufanelekile kule nkqubo.
3. I-ovality eqinileyo yezihlanganisi ezingaphantsi kolwandle– Ii-Subsea jumpers zisebenzisa izihlanganisi zoomatshini ezifuna i-ovality ≤ 0.2% ye-OD. Inkqubo ye-Womic echanekileyo ye-ERW ilandelwa kukutsalwa okubandayo kunye nokulungiswa kwe-roller. I-ovality yokugqibela ilinganisiwe: ipayipi ye-4″ 0.12-0.18%, ipayipi ye-6″ 0.10-0.15%, ipayipi ye-2″ 0.08-0.12%. Zonke zidlulile.
4. Uvavanyo lokugqwala kubushushu obuphezulu (40°C kwiFeCl₃)– Indlela ye-G48 Umgangatho ongu-A yi-22°C; umthengi kufuneka ama-40°C (anzima ngakumbi). I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lwe-pitting kwi-40°C kangangeeyure ezingama-72 – akukho mingxunya kuyo nayiphi na isampuli (isinyithi esisisiseko okanye i-weld). Ukumelana kwe-pitting yesinyithi esihlanganisiweyo kuqinisekiswe ukuba kufana nesinyithi esisisiseko.
5. Ukulandeleka ukusuka kwi-ingot ukuya kwipayipi egqityiweyo– Izicelo zasemanzini angaphantsi kolwandle zifuna ukulandelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto. I-Womic yabela iinombolo zemibhobho ezizodwa kwaye yalandela umbhobho ngamnye ukusuka kwinani lobushushu ukuya kuvavanyo lokugqibela. Iphakheji yamaxwebhu yayiquka amaphepha ali-1,200 ee-MTC, iingxelo ze-NDT, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lokugqwala. I-DNV ihlolwe yaza yavunywa.
6. Uthutho oluya kwindawo yokwenziwa kwezinto eSantos Basin– Iipayipi zithunyelwe ukusuka eShanghai ukuya eRio de Janeiro, emva koko zathunyelwa kwindawo yokuvelisa izinto eNiterói. I-DNV ibone ukulayishwa. Zonke iitoni ezingama-97 zithunyelwe ngemithwalo emi-3 kwiinyanga ezi-5. Ukuthunyelwa kokugqibela kukhawulezisiwe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomhla wokugqibela weprojekthi (ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelomoya kweetoni ezili-10 zepayipi ezi-2″).
Isiphumo:Ii-jumpers zangaphantsi kolwandle zifakwe kwi-Q1 ka-2024. Emva kweenyanga ezili-12 zemveliso, akukho mhlwa okanye ukuqhekeka okubikiweyo. Umqhubi umisele i-Alloy 625 kuzo zonke ii-jumpers zenkonzo emuncu kwiindawo ezingaphambi kwetyuwa. I-Womic Steel ngoku ngumthengisi ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno zombhobho we-CRA zalo mqhubi.
Qhagamshelana:
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I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
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I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo le-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 imibhobho ye-nickel alloy edityanisiweyo ye-ASTM B705 UNS N06625 yeendlela zokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, inkonzo emuncu, iinkqubo zamanzi olwandle, ukucubungula iikhemikhali, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eshushu kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
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