Ipayipi ye-Bimetal Metallurgical Clad Pipe ye-X65+316L | Ipayipi eneCRA eSebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi yeNkonzo ye-CO₂ – Umfanekiso oPhambili weNsimbi yeWomic

Umbhobho we-X65+316L we-Bimetal Metallurgical Clad | Umbhobho we-CRA oneeNdleko eziSebenzayo zeNkonzo ye-CO₂ – iWomic Steel

Inkcazo emfutshane:

Umbhobho Wangaphandle (Intsimbi Exhasayo):I-API 5L X65 PSL2 – amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obugqwesileyo, inokudityaniswa

I-Inner Lining (CRA Cladding):I-316L (UNS S31603) – intsimbi engagqwali e-austenitic enekhabhoni ephantsi, enganyangekiyo kwi-CO₂ corrosion, iyakwazi ukuwelda kakuhle

Uluhlu Lobukhulu:OD 219mm – 1219mm (8″ – 48″); Ubukhulu bodonga lwentsimbi engasemva 8mm – 30mm; Ubukhulu be-cladding 1.5mm – 3.0mm; Ubude obunye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18m (i-24m eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyafumaneka)

Inkqubo yoMveliso:Ukubopha okushukumayo okushushu + ukwakha i-JCOE – amandla okucheba ujongano lwebhondi yesinyithi ≥200 MPa

Imigangatho kunye neziqinisekiso:I-API SPEC 5LD (i-CRA Clad Steel Pipe), i-DNV-OS-F101, i-NACE MR0175, i-ISO 15156. Isatifikethi seMill EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1. Ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu (i-SGS, i-BV, i-DNV, i-TÜV) kuyafumaneka.

Izicelo:Imibhobho yokuqokelela igesi yendalo elwandle, imigca yokufaka i-CO₂, iinkqubo zokufaka amanzi, imigca ye-oyile kunye negesi ene-chloride ephantsi, imibhobho edibanisa indawo yokuhluza.

Intsimbi yeWomicibonelela ngepayipi ebotshelelwe ngesinyithi ye-X65+316L – enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kune-alloys eqinileyo ye-316L okanye ngaphezulu. Yenzelwe inkonzo emnandi (i-CO₂ engenazo ii-H₂S okanye ii-chloride ezibalulekileyo). Ixhaswa ngamaxwebhu asemgangathweni opheleleyo kunye namava okuhambisa emhlabeni jikelele.

Thumela i-imeyile kuthi Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iithegi zeMveliso

1. Isishwankathelo - Kutheni i-X65 + 316L Clad Pipe

Kwimibhobho ethwala igesi yendalo equlethe i-carbon dioxide (CO₂) kodwa kukho izixa ezimbalwa ze-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kunye nee-chloride eziphantsi, i-solid carbon steel iyabola ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-stainless steel eqinileyo ye-316L idla ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ibiza kakhulu.

Umbhobho ogqunywe ngentsimbi ye-X65+316L obotshelelwe ngentsimbiInika indawo ephakathi efanelekileyo:

Umaleko we-X65 wangaphandleinika amandla aphezulu (ubuncinci bemveliso yi-450 MPa), ukuqina kokuqhekeka, kunye nokuthintela uxinzelelo - kanye le nto umbhobho womgca we-API 5L X65 waziwa ngayo.

Isigqubuthelo sangaphakathi se-316Lidibana ngqo nolwelo, ixhathisa ukugqwala kwe-CO₂, i-oxidation ngokubanzi, kunye neemeko ze-asidi ethambileyo.

Ezi layere zimbini zidityaniswa ngokusisigxina yi-metallurgical bond (i-hot roll bonding + i-JCOE forming). Akukho mngcipheko wokuwa kwe-liner, ukushwabana, okanye ukwahlukana - ngokungafaniyo nombhobho ofakwe ngoomatshini.

Olu didi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiinkqubo zokuqokelela igesi yendalo emnandi,Imibhobho yokubuyisela ioyile ephuculweyo ye-CO₂ (EOR),imigca yokufaka amanzikunyeukuhamba kweoyile kunye negesi ene-chloride ephantsi.

2. Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neenzuzo

Uphawu	Inzuzo
Ibhondi yesinyithi	Amandla okucheba kojongano ≥200 MPa – akukho kudilika okanye ukudilika kwe-liner phantsi koxinzelelo/ukujikeleza kobushushu
Inkxaso enamandla aphezulu ye-X65	Ivumela udonga oluncinci xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ekumgangatho ophantsi, inciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zokuwelda
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-316L	Iyamelana nokugqwala kwe-CO₂ (inkonzo emnandi), i-oxidation ngokubanzi, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-chloride ephantsi
Isebenza kakuhle emalini	Ixabiso eliphantsi ngama-40-50% kunepayipi eqinileyo ye-316L enomlinganiselo ofanayo woxinzelelo
Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo	Umbhobho ngamnye ubhalwe inombolo yobushushu; iingxelo ezipheleleyo ze-MTC kunye ne-NDT
Ingqinwe isebenza	Ifakwe kwiikhilomitha ezingamakhulu zemibhobho yegesi eselunxwemeni

3. Iinkcukacha zeDatha yoBugcisa kunye neNkcukacha zeMpahla

3.1 Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (%)

I-elementi	Intsimbi Exhaswayo yeX65 (ubuninzi)	Isigqubuthelo se-316L (ubuninzi)
Ikhabhoni (C)	0.12	0.030
I-Silicon (Si)	0.45	0.75
IManganese (Mn)	1.60	2.00
I-Phosphorus (P)	0.025	0.045
I-Sulfur (S)	0.015	0.030
I-Chromium (Cr)	0.30	16.0 – 18.0
I-Nickel (Ni)	0.50	10.0 – 14.0
I-Molybdenum (Mo)	0.15	2.0 – 3.0
I-Niobium (Nb)	0.05	—
I-Titanium (iTi)	0.04	—
I-Vanadium (V)	0.10	—

3.2 Iipropati zoomatshini

Ipropati	Inkxaso ye-X65	Isigqubuthelo se-316L
Amandla okuKhula (min, MPa)	450	170
Amandla okuThamba (min, MPa)	535	485
Ukwandiswa (ubuncinci, %)	18	35
Ubunzima (ubuninzi, i-HV)	250	200
Ukuqina kwempembelelo (min, J @ 0°C)	100 (umndilili)	Ayifuneki

3.3 Ipropati yoNxibelelwano lweBond

Ipharamitha	Imfuneko	Indlela yoVavanyo
Amandla okuGcoba	≥200 MPa	Uvavanyo oluphumayo ngokwe-API 5LD nganye
Ukuthembeka kwebhondi ye-UT	Akukho disbond >50mm, iyonke <2%	Iskeni ye-ultrasound yomzimba wonke

3.4 Uluhlu lweDimensional (Oluqhelekileyo)

I-OD (intshi/mm)	Ubunzima obuxhasayo (mm)	Ubunzima bokugquma (mm)	Ubude (m)
8″ (219.1)	8.0 – 15.0	1.5 – 2.5	12/18
10″ (273.1)	8.0 – 18.0	1.5 – 3.0	12/18
12″ (323.9)	9.0 – 20.0	1.5 – 3.0	12/18
16″ (406.4)	10.0 – 22.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
20″ (508.0)	10.0 – 25.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
24″ (609.6)	12.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
36″ (914.4)	12.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18
48″ (1219.2)	14.0 – 30.0	2.0 – 3.0	12/18

Ubukhulu obucwangcisiweyo bufumaneka xa buceliwe. Ubukhulu obukhulu be-cladding bufikelela kwi-4mm kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo.

4. Inkqubo yoMveliso – iHot Roll Bonding + JCOE

I-Womic Steel ivelisa umbhobho ogqunywe nge-X65+316L usebenzisa i-experienced shishini.ukubopha okushushu kwe-roll + i-JCOE eyakhayoindlela:

Ukulungiswa komphezulu– Iipleyiti ze-X65 kunye ne-316L ziyacocwa, zicolwe, kwaye zihlolwe.

Indibano ye-vacuum stack– Ezi plate zimbini zibekwe ndawonye kunye nomaleko we-316L ojonge ngaphakathi, uvalwe phantsi kwe-vacuum ukuze kususwe ioksijini.

Ukuqengqeleka okushushu– Inqwaba itshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1150-1250°C kwaye idlule kwisixhobo sokugalela. Ukunciphisa okuphezulu (5:1 ukuya kwi-10:1) kudala ikhonkco lesinyithi ngokusasazeka kweeathomu.

Ukupholisa kunye nokuhlola iipleyiti– Ipleyiti egqunyiweyo ipholile, kwaye i-bond ivavanyiwe nge-100% ye-ultrasonic kuyo nayiphi na i-disbond.

Ukwenziwa kweJCOE– Ipleyiti egqunyiweyo iyasilwa ngomphetho, emva koko yenziwe ibe yipayipi evulekileyo kusetyenziswa uthotho lwee-press ze-JCO.

Ukuwelda komthungo we-longitudinal– Umthungo ovulekileyo udityaniswe kusetyenziswa i-double side arc welding (SAW) ene-316L okanye i-309L filler kwi-inner pass kunye ne-carbon steel filler kwi-inner pass.

Ukwandisa (ukhetho)– Ukwandiswa kwezixhobo kuphucula ukujikeleza kwaye kunciphisa uxinezeleko oluvelayo.

Unyango lobushushu– Unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda (PWHT) lusetyenziswa xa kufuneka ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi.

I-NDT kunye novavanyo– Jonga iCandelo 5 ngezantsi.

Ukugqiba ukugqiba– Iziphelo ezigobileyo ezineoyile yokulwa nomhlwa kunye nezigqubuthelo zeplastiki.

5. Ulawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo - Yonke iPipe ihlolwe

Iipayipi ezigqunywe nge-X65+316L zivavanywa ngokwe-API 5LD kunye neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.

Uvavanyo	Indlela	Ububanzi	Ukwamkelwa
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza	I-spectrometer ye-OES	Ubushushu ngabunye be-X65 kunye ne-316L	Ikhemistri ngokwemigangatho
Uvavanyo lwe-Bond ultrasound	Umzimba opheleleyo we-UT (i-longitudinal kunye ne-shear wave)	I-100% yepleyiti egqunyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba yenziwe	Akukho disbond >50mm; disbond iyonke <2%
Umthungo we-Weld UT	I-UT ezenzekelayo (uluhlu olunezigaba / oluqhelekileyo)	I-100% ye-weld ende	Imigangatho ye-API 5LD / DNV
I-Weld MT / PT	I-magnetic particle / i-Dye penetrant	Iinzwane ezidityanisiweyo, iziphelo	Akukho zibonakaliso ezithe ngqo
Uvavanyo loomatshini	Ukugoba okujijekileyo, ukugoba okukhokelwayo	Ibhetshi enye ngemveliso (ukuya kuthi ga kwiipayipi ezingama-50)	Ukusilela ngaphandle kwe-weld / bond
Uphando lobunzima	I-HV10 egqunywe nge-clad, i-bond, i-HAZ	Inye ngebhetshi nganye	Isigqubuthelo ≤200 HV, umva ≤250 HV
Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic	Uxinzelelo loyilo lwe-1.5 ×, bamba imizuzwana eyi-10	Umbhobho ngamnye	Akukho kuvuza
Ukujonga ubungakanani	I-laser / ii-calipers / iteyiphu	100%	OD, WT, ubude, ovality
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye nokuphela	Imbonakalo ethe ngqo	100%	Akukho ziphene kumphezulu; i-bevel ngomzobo ngamnye

Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo luyafumaneka xa luceliwe:

● Ukugqwala kwe-intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E) kwi-316L cladding

● I-HIC / SSC (NACE TM0284 / TM0177) yenkonzo emnandi

● Impembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi (iCharpy) yentsimbi engasemva kwi -20°C / -40°C

● Ukulinganiswa komxholo weFerrite

6. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemizekelo yeProjekthi

6.1 Ukuqokelelwa kweGesi yendalo eLwandle

Imeko:Intsimi yegesi e-Asia Ephakathi enomxholo we-CO₂ oyi-12-18%, i-H₂S <20ppm, ii-chloride <1000ppm.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunyiweyo we-X65+316L, i-OD 323.9mm, ubunzima bomqolo obuyi-12.7mm, ugqunyiweyo oluyi-2.0mm.
Isiphumo:Umbhobho we-85 km ufakwe ukususela ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022; ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi emva kweminyaka emi-2 akubonisi monakalo olinganisekayo.

6.2 Ukubuyiswa kweOyile eNgcono yeCO₂ (EOR)

Imeko:Umbhobho wokufaka i-CO₂ kwiprojekthi ye-CCUS eMntla China.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunyiweyo we-X65+316L, i-OD 508mm, ubunzima obungasemva yi-15.9mm, ugqunyiweyo lwe-2.5mm.
Isiphumo:Umbhobho we-25 km osebenza kwi-22 MPa, 60°C; akukho ngxaki yokugqwala okanye ye-liner emva kweenyanga ezili-18.

6.3 Umgca Wokufaka Amanzi

Imeko:Kwenziwe ukufakelwa kwakhona kwamanzi kuMbindi Mpuma, iikloridi eziphantsi kodwa iCO₂ ephezulu.
Isisombululo:Umbhobho ogqunyiweyo we-X65+316L, i-OD 610mm, ubunzima obungasemva yi-12.7mm, ugqunyiweyo lwe-1.8mm.
Isiphumo:I-carbon steel eyomeleleyo etshintshiweyo kunye ne-corrosion inhibitor ethathe indawo yayo; iindleko zokugcina izinto zincitshisiwe ngama-40%.

7. Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe Intsimbi Yombhobho We-X65+316L?

Isizathu	Iinkcukacha
Umenzi onamava	Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yokuveliswa kwemibhobho egqunyiweyo, amawaka eetoni aziswa
Ibhondi yokwenyani yesinyithi	Akukho mngcipheko wokuwa kwe-liner - ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-API 5LD
Ukulandeleka ngokupheleleyo	Yonke imibhobho elandelekayo ukusuka kwikhoyili ukuya kuvavanyo lokugqibela
I-NDT yangaphakathi	UT, MT, hydrostatic – zonke zenziwa ziingcali eziqinisekisiweyo
Ixesha elifutshane lokufumana umvuzo	Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo: iiveki ezi-8-10; ubungakanani obulungiselelwe wena: iiveki ezili-12-14
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwihlabathi liphela	Imigaqo ye-FOB, i-CIF, i-CFR; ukupakisha ukuthutha ngolwandle (isikhongozeli okanye iqhekeza elikhulu)

8. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)

Umbuzo 1: Ngaba umbhobho ogqunywe nge-X65+316L ungasetyenziselwa inkonzo emuncu (H₂S)?
A: Akukhuthazwa ukuba i-H₂S ephezulu (>50ppm) okanye i-chloride ephezulu (>10,000ppm). Ukuze ufumane inkonzo emuncu, sicebisa i-X65MS backing + Alloy 825 okanye i-Inconel 625 cladding.

Umbuzo 2: Ngaba i-cladding ye-316L inokuba yingozi xa kudityaniswa iintsimbi?
A: I-316L inekhabhoni ephantsi (≤0.03%), ngoko ke ayivumeli ukuba ivakale. Ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo, singabonelela ngepayipi egqunywe ngesisombululo.

Q3: Ixesha elingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza?
A: Kwinkonzo ye-CO₂ emnandi (engenazo ii-chloride okanye i-H₂S), iminyaka engama-20-30 inokufezekiswa. Ubomi bokwenyani buxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba, ubushushu, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali.

Umbuzo 4: Ngaba ungabonelela ngepayipi encinci ye-X65+316L enobubanzi obuncinci (≤6″)?
A: Kwiidayamitha ezingama-≤168mm (6″), umbhobho we-centrifugal casting ongenamthungo kunye nombhobho we-extrusion clad ufanelekile ngakumbi. Sinikezela ngaloo nto.

Q5: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu aqukiweyo kwimpahla nganye ethunyelwayo?
A: Isatifikethi se-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 (ikhemistri, ukutsalwa, impembelelo, ukucheba ibhondi, i-UT, i-hydro), iingxelo ze-NDT, ingxelo yobukhulu, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi yorhwebo, i-bill of lading.

Umbuzo 6: Ngaba ninikezela ngovavanyo lomntu wesithathu?
A: Ewe. Sisebenza ne-SGS, i-BV, i-DNV, i-TÜV, i-ABS, i-LR. Izatifikethi zohlobo lwe-3.2 ziyafumaneka xa kuhlolwa amangqina.