1. Isishwankathelo seMveliso – Yintoni iBimetal Metallurgical Clad Pipe?
Umbhobho ogqunywe ngentsimbi ye-bimetal (okwaziwa ngokuba ngumbhobho ogqunywe ngentsimbi ye-CRA, umbhobho ogqunywe ngentsimbi ye-corrosion resistant alloy metallurgically bonded) yityhubhu edibeneyo esebenza kakhulu eveliswa ziinkqubo eziphambili zokubopha ngentsimbi ye-metallurgical ezidibanisa ngokusisigxina umaleko wangaphakathi we-alloy resistant corrosion (CRA) kwi-carbon steel enamandla aphezulu okanye umaleko wangaphandle wentsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi kwinqanaba le-athomu. Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo "yi-CRA inner cladding + i-high-strength steel outer backing".
Olu yilo "lokumelana nokugqwala kwangaphakathi + amandla oomatshini angaphandle" lusombulula umngeni obalulekileyo wobunjineli: indlela yokuthutha ngokuthembekileyo ulwelo olunamandla (ii-H₂S eziphezulu, ii-CO₂ eziphezulu, ii-chloride eziphezulu) phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zamanzi anzulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imibhobho ye-alloy eqinileyo ebiza kakhulu.
Le teknoloji yaqalwa eTshayina ngo-2004 ngentsebenziswano phakathi kweXinxing Ductile Iron Pipe, iPanzhihua Steel kunye neYunivesithi yeSayensi neTekhnoloji eBeijing, kunye nophuhliso olwalandelayo yiCNPC BSS, iAnsteel Group, kunye neBaoshi Pipe Industry. Olu phuhliso lwenze ukuba kubekho ukuveliswa kwemibhobho ebotshelelwe ngesinyithi emanzini anzulu yeoyile kunye negesi, amasimi egesi emuncu, ukuhanjiswa kwehydrogen, kunye neeprojekthi zeCCUS.
I-Womic Steel, eyakha phezu kobu buchwepheshe bepayipi egqunywe nge-clad, idibanisa i-vacuum hot roll bonding, i-centrifugal casting + i-hot extrusion, kunye neendlela eziphambili ze-welding ezilawula ukuhlanganiswa kwesinyithi okwahlukileyo phakathi kwe-nickel alloys kunye ne-pipeline steel. Sinikezela ngemibhobho egqunywe nge-clad ukusuka kwi-60mm ukuya kwi-1800mm OD ene-flexible wall thickness configurations, ehlangabezana ngokungqongqo nemigangatho yehlabathi efunekayo.
Uyilo lweMveliso – Intsimbi exhasayo kunye neCRA Cladding
| Icandelo | Imizekelo yezinto eziphathekayo | Umsebenzi |
| Intsimbi Exhasayo (Umaleko ongaphandle) | API 5L X52/X60/X65/X70/X80; inkonzo emuncu ye-X65MS; A106 Gr.B; A333 Gr.6; A335 P5/P11/P22 | Inika amandla oomatshini, ukugcinwa koxinzelelo, ukuqina, kunye nokudityaniswa |
| I-CRA Cladding (Umaleko ongaphakathi) | 316L, 904L, 2205, 2507, Inconel 625, Incoloy 825, Hastelloy C 276, Super 13Cr | Ibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala ngokuchasene ne-H₂S, i-CO₂, iikloridi, kunye nee-asidi ze-organic |
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wobukhulu bokusetyenziswa kwamanzi anzulu:I-OD 610mm (24”), ubukhulu bodonga lwentsimbi engasemva yi-16.9mm (udidi lwenkonzo emuncu ye-X65MS), ubukhulu be-CRA cladding yi-2.0mm (Inconel 625). Ubukhulu bodonga bunokufikelela kwi-38mm, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo ufikelele kwi-38.8 MPa, ubushushu benkonzo bufikelele kwi-120°C.
2. Kutheni Ufanele Ukhethe I-Womic Steel Bimetal Metallurgical Clad Pipe?
| Uphawu | Inzuzo yoBugcisa | Inzuzo yeShishini |
| Ibhondi yokwenyani yeMetallurgical | Amandla okucheba kojongano >300MPa (adlula i-API SPEC 5LD). Akukho mngcipheko wokuwa kwe-liner, ukudumba okanye ukuqhekeka. | Isusa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli okukhulu; ifanele ubushushu obujikelezayo kunye nenkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| Ukuhlanganiswa kweNsimbi yeKhabhoni yeCRA + | Kuphela ngumphezulu wangaphakathi osebenzisa i-alloy ebiza kakhulu; intsimbi engasemva inika amandla okuthwala umthwalo. | Ukunciphisa iindleko ngama-30-50% xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho we-CRA oqinileyo |
| Yenzelwe Inkonzo Egqithisileyo | Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ze-CRA ezihambelana ne-H₂S, CO₂, Cl⁻, pH, ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo. | Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwinkonzo yegesi emuncu, amanzi anzulu, kunye ne-hydrogen |
| Iindlela Zokuvelisa Eziqinisekisiweyo | Ukubopha i-vacuum hot roll / i-centrifugal casting + i-hot extrusion / i-explodding cladding + ukugqiba okubandayo. | Umgangatho ohambelanayo, amandla amakhulu, imveliso enokwandiswa |
| Ukulungiselela Isiphelo Sokushisela | Ukufakwa kwe-CRA strip cladding (ibhotolo) kwi-bevels zepayipi; utshintsho olucutshungulwe ngomatshini. | Ukuwelda kwentsimi okulula, kugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwiiweld zegirth |
| Ukulandeleka Okupheleleyo kunye neSatifikethi seHlabathi | Izatifikethi ze-EN 10204 3.1/3.2. Uhlolo lomntu wesithathu (DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR) luyafumaneka. | Yamkelwe zii-EPC ezinkulu, ii-NOC, kunye nabaqhubi bangaphandle |
3. Iinkcukacha zoBugcisa kunye neSikhokelo soKhetho lwezinto
3.1 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugquma ze-CRA ngokweNdalo
| Indawo yeNkonzo | I-CRA Cladding ecetyiswayo | Imizekelo yoSetyenziso |
| Ii-CO₂ eziphezulu, ii-chloride eziphantsi | Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-316L | Imibhobho yegesi engaselunxwemeni, inkonzo emnandi |
| I-CO₂ + iikloridi eziphakathi | Intsimbi engenasici ye-duplex engu-2205/2507 | Ukufakwa kwamanzi olwandle, imibhobho esecaleni eliphezulu |
| H₂S + CO₂ + Cl⁻ (inkonzo emuncu) | I-Inconel 625, i-Incoloy 825, i-Alloy 028 | Iindawo zegesi ezinesalfure eninzi, imithombo yeoyile eneasidi |
| Amanzi anzulu, i-H₂S ephezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu | I-Inconel 625 / I-Alloy 825 egqunywe | Iindlela zokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, iindlela zokunyuka, iiprojekthi zamanzi anzulu |
| Ukuhanjiswa kweHydrogen / CCUS | Ii-alloys ze-316L, i-duplex, okanye i-nickel | Imibhobho yeHydrogen, imigca yokufaka i-CO₂ |
3.2 Iinketho zeNsimbi eSekelwe
| Umgangatho weZixhobo eziSiseko | Ibanga eliqhelekileyo | Iimeko ezifanelekileyo |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70, X80 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile kunye negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| Inkonzo ye-API 5L emuncu | X65MS, X52NS | Inkonzo ye-H₂S emanzi (igesi emuncu) |
| I-ASTM A106 | I-Gr.B, I-Gr.C | Inkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu, yokucoca |
| I-ASTM A333 | Isigaba 6 | Ubushushu obuphantsi (-45°C) |
| I-ASTM A335 | P11, P22 | Umphunga obushushu obuphezulu, i-petrochemical |
| Amanqanaba e-DNV aphesheya kolwandle | DNV450, DNV500 | Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle, izinyusi zamanzi anzulu |
3.3 Imigangatho Nesiqinisekiso Esisebenzayo
●Imigangatho ephambili:I-API SPEC 5LD (kwihlabathi liphela), i-SY/T 6623 (eTshayina), i-GB/T 37701, i-Shell DEP 31.40.20.32
● Ukuthobela izinto kunye nokugqwala:I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 yenkonzo ye-H₂S
●Ulwahlulo olungaphandle kwelizwe / oluvela kuluhlu:I-DNV, i-ABS, i-LR, i-CCS (uMbutho woHlelo lwaseTshayina)
● Amaxwebhu asemgangathweni:Uhlobo lwe-EN 10204 3.1 (oluqhelekileyo) okanye 3.2 (oluqinisekisiweyo ngumntu wesithathu)
4. Inkqubo yoMveliso – Umbhobho weClad oDityaniswe ngeMetallurgical
I-Womic Steel isebenzisa iindlela zokuvelisa iipayipi ezikumgangatho wehlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukubopha okuzinzileyo kwesinyithi kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.
Ukuhamba kweNkqubo (Ukudityaniswa kweHot Roll + Ukugqitywa kweCold):
1. Ukulungiswa kweslabhu edityanisiweyo– Coca uze uvale ipleyiti ye-CRA kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi engasemva ukuze ususe ioksijini; ukuqengqeleka okushushu ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunciphisa kudala ukubopha kwesinyithi kunye nomaleko wokusasazwa phakathi.
2. Ukuqengqeleka/ukukhupha okushushu kwifom yombhobho– I-composite slab iqengqwa ibe yipleyiti ize yenziwe ize idityaniswe (umbhobho ogqunywe yi-LSAW) okanye ikhutshelwe kumbhobho ogqunywe ngaphandle komthungo kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-centrifugal casting + extrusion.
3. Umzobo obandayo / ukuqengqeleka okubandayo– Inciphisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu bodonga, iphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu ngelixa igcina ukuthembeka kwebhondi.
4. Unyango lobushushu– Ukulungisa, ukulungisa + ukupholisa, okanye ukucima + ukupholisa (Q&T) ukuze kufezekiswe iipropati zoomatshini ezifunekayo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
5. Uvavanyo lwe-NDT– Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic oluyi-100% lokujonga ukuthembeka kwebhondi kunye neziphene ze-laminar; uvavanyo lwe-eddy current kunye ne-radiographic njengoko kufuneka.
6. Ukugqiba ukugqiba kunye nokufaka ibhotolo ye-CRA– Kulungiswa ii-bevels zesiphelo se-weld; i-alloy strip cladding enganyangekiyo nokugqwala ifakwa kubuso be-bevel ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kwe-CRA ngexesha lokuwelda kwentsimi.
7. Uhlolo lokugqibela kunye namaxwebhu– Ukujonga okupheleleyo kobukhulu, ukujonga ngamehlo, ukulinganisa ubulukhuni, kunye nokupakishwa ngokwemigangatho yokuthumela ngaphandle
5. Iingenelo eziphambili – Ezobugcisa nezoQoqosho
●Sombulula ingxaki yokubola kombhobho– Iphucula kakhulu ukuthembeka kwiindawo ze-H₂S, CO₂, Cl⁻, kunye ne-asidi; ithintela ukuvuza kokugqwala kunye nokungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha.
● Iindleko eziphantsi zomjikelo wobomi– Ukonga iindleko zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30-50% xa kuthelekiswa ne-alloy ye-nickel eqinileyo okanye ipayipi ene-alloy ephezulu.
● Ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-alloy– Ilungele uqoqosho lwe-hydrogen kunye neeprojekthi ze-CCS apho ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo kuxatyiswa khona.
● Uluhlu olubanzi kunye nobonelelo oluzinzileyo– OD ukusuka kwi-60mm ukuya kwi-1800mm; ubukhulu bodonga kunye nobude bunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwii-trunklines ezinde kunye nokufakelwa kwe-reel emanzini anzulu.
● Inkxaso yesatifiketi seprojekthi ethile– Nika imvume ye-API 5LD, DNV, ABS, iirekhodi zokufaneleka kwenkqubo yokuwelda (WPQR), kunye nezicwangciso zokuhlola imveliso njengoko kufuneka kubathengi.
6. Izicelo eziphambili – Apho iClad Pipe iphumelela khona
●Imibhobho yokuthumela ngaphandle ioyile negesi emanzini anzulu– Iintambo zokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle, ii-risers, kunye nee-trunklines ezithwala ulwelo olurhabaxa nolunoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
● Iinkqubo zokuqokelela igesi emuncu elunxwemeni– Amasimi aphezulu e-H₂S/CO₂ (umz., iSichuan basin, uMbindi Mpuma) afuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo lwe-CRA.
● Ukuhanjiswa kweHydrogen kunye neCCUS– Umbhobho ogqunywe nge-bimetal ukhethwe kwiipayipi ze-hydrogen zovavanyo kunye neeprojekthi ze-CO₂-EOR (kuquka i-CNPC kunye ne-Daqing CCUS) ngenxa yokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
● Izityalo zokucoca ulwelo kunye neekhemikhali– Iiyunithi zokubuyisela isalfure kubushushu obuphezulu, ukucoca ngamanzi, kunye nemijelo yenkqubo yekhlorini.
● Ukuveliswa kombane kunye nokwembiwa kwemigodi– Imibhobho yodaka lothuthu lwamalahle, imigca yokucoca i-FGD, kunye nothutho lweentsinga ezirhabaxa kakhulu.
7. Ukupakisha kunye noLogistics – Ukuhanjiswa kweHlabathi
7.1 Ukhuseleko Lomphezulu kunye Nokugquma Ukuphela
● Ukwaleka kwangaphandle: i-epoxy primer emnyama okanye engwevu ekhanyayo (ubude befilimu kunye nombala ngokweenkcukacha zomthengi).
● Iibhevel zepayipi: ioyile yokuthintela umhlwa + iiplastiki/izigqubuthelo zesinyithi okanye amakhonkco entsimbi ukuthintela umonakalo kunye nongcoliseko.
7.2 Ukubopha, Ukugcina kunye noLawulo lokufuma
● Iidayamitha ezincinci: zibotshelelwe ngeentambo zentsimbi kwaye zahlulwe ziingcingo zokhuni ukuze zingakrazulwa yintsimbi ukuya kwisinyithi.
● Iidayamitha ezinkulu: zigcinwa ngazinye kwizikhongozeli okanye kwiirakhi ezisicaba ezineenkxaso ezifakwe uphahla.
● Ukhuseleko lokufuma: i-tarpaulin engangeni manzi + i-desiccant yokuthutha ulwandle olude.
7.3 Iphakheji yamaxwebhu okuthumela
● Izatifikethi ze-EN 10204 zohlobo lwe-3.1/3.2 zokugaya (ikhemistri, ukutsalwa, impembelelo, ubulukhuni, amandla okucheba ibhondi)
● Iingxelo ze-NDT (UT, MT, PT)
● Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kobukhulu kunye nokugqibela
● Uluhlu lokupakisha oluneefoto (ngaphakathi kwisikhongozeli/isitya)
● Iirekhodi zeenkqubo zokuwelda kunye neemvume (ukuba ziyafuneka)
● Iitshathi zonyango lobushushu kunye nokulandeleka kwebhetshi
7.4 Iindlela zoThutho
● Ifakwe kwisikhongozeli (20'/40') se-OD ukuya kuthi ga kwi-~800mm
● Irekhi ethe tyaba / umphezulu ovulekileyo ukuze kubekho ububanzi obukhulu
● Yaphula umthwalo omkhulu okanye weprojekthi kwiipayipi ezixineneyo ezigqunywe eludongeni/ezinde
8. Izalathiso zeProjekthi kunye neziqinisekiso
8.1 Iiprojekthi Ezimeleyo
● I-CNOOC “Ulwandle Olunzulu No.1”– Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwesisombululo se-hybrid “sombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo emanzini amakhulu kunye nombhobho ofakwe intsimbi enzulu” (malunga ne-114 km yombhobho ofakwe intsimbi).
●Ishishini lombhobho weBaoshi / CNPC BSS (Qinhuangdao)– Yenziwe ngempumelelo i-N06625 / X65MS clad pipe (OD 610mm) ngemvume epheleleyo yombutho wodidi (CCS).
●Iqela le-Ansteel– Kubonelelwe ngombhobho we-DNV450 ofakwe inkonzo emuncu kunye nomaleko wangaphakathi we-Inconel 625 kwiprojekthi yegesi engaphandle kwe-Abu Dhabi (Hail & Ghasha).
●Isayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yeZinqwelo-moya zaseTshayina– Uphumelele ibhaso lomgca wovavanyo lokuhambisa i-hydrogen we-CNPC kunye nombhobho wokujova we-Daqing CCUS-EOR kusetyenziswa umbhobho ogqunywe nge-bimetal.
8.2 Iziqinisekiso Ezibanjwe/Ezifumanekayo
●Ilayisenisi yemveliso ye-API 5LD (iyafumaneka xa iceliwe)
●I-ISO 9001:2015, i-PED 2014/68/EU
●Ukuhambelana kwe-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156
●Uhlu lwamangqina eqela lesithathu: DNV, ABS, LR, BV, CCS, SGS, TÜV
9. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Q1: Yintoni umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kombhobho ogqunywe ngesinyithi nombhobho ogqunywe ngoomatshini?
A: Umbhobho ofakwe ngoomatshini uxhomekeke ekungeneni kokuphazamiseka ukubamba umbhobho – phantsi kokujikeleza kobushushu kunye nokuxinana koxinzelelo, umbhobho unokushwabana, uqhekeke okanye wahlukane. Umbhobho ofakwe ngomatshini wenza umaleko wokusasazwa phakathi kwendawo ephakathi (amandla okucheba >300 MPa). Akukho mngcipheko wokwahlukana kombhobho, okwenza kube yimfuneko kwinkonzo yokujikeleza kwamanzi anzulu, i-hydrogen kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
Umbuzo 2: Ngaba iWomic Steel ingacebisa ukugqunywa kwe-CRA ethile kwinkonzo yam yokugqwala?
A: Ewe. Iqela lethu lobunjineli livavanya ulwakhiwo lwakho lolwelo (H₂S, CO₂, Cl⁻, pH, ii-organic acids), ubushushu bokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo – emva koko licebisa i-CRA engabizi kakhulu ukusuka kwi-316L → duplex → nickel alloys. Kwiiprojekthi ze-hydrogen songeza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwe-hydrogen embrittlement.
Q3: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhanjiswa kwepayipi enesigqubuthelo se-API 5LD esiqinisekisiweyo?
A: Kwisiqinisekiso senqaku lokuqala kunye nokuveliswa kwetyala lebhetshi malunga neenyanga ezi-6-8 (kubandakanya ukuvunywa kohlobo kunye novavanyo lwamangqina). Kwiiodolo eziphindaphindwayo eziqhelekileyo: iintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kwezili-120 ngokuxhomekeke kwi-OD, izixhobo ze-CRA kunye neemfuno zokuhlolwa komntu wesithathu.
Umbuzo 4: I-Womic Steel iqinisekisa njani ukuba i-girth weld iyamelana nokugqwala kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo?
A: Sifaka i-CRA strip cladding (ibhotolo) yomzi-mveliso kuzo zombini ii-bevels zepayipi kunye notshintsho olusebenzisa umatshini. Oku kuthintela ukunyibilika kwe-CRA yintsimbi engasemva ngexesha lokuwelda kwentsimi. Inkqubo yokuwelda yamalungu e-girth ifanelekile nge-Alloy 625 / 825 filler metal ukugcina ukusebenza kokugqwala kufana nomzimba wepayipi.
Umbuzo 5: Ingakanani imali enokubonelelwa yipayipi ye-bimetal clad xa ithelekiswa nepayipi ye-CRA eqinileyo?
A: Ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zetyala, umbhobho ogqunywe ngesinyithi odityaniswe kakuhle ugcina i-30-50% yexabiso lilonke lezinto xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho we-nickel alloy okanye umbhobho we-alloy ephezulu one-pressure rating efanayo. Ukonga kuyanda njengoko ububanzi kunye nobukhulu bodonga busanda.
Umbuzo 6: Ngaba umbhobho ogqunyiweyo ufanelekile kwinkonzo emuncu (H₂S) kwaye uvunyiwe yi-NACE?
A: Ewe. I-CRA cladding (umz. 625, 825, 2205, 316L) idityaniswe nentsimbi engasemva efanelekileyo (umz. X65MS, X52NS) inganikezelwa ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kunye ne-API 5L Annex H. Uvavanyo loBulukhuni, i-SSC kunye ne-HIC lunokwenziwa kwaye lubhalwe phantsi.
10. Cela iNtetho
I-Womic Steel inikezela ngezisombululo zemibhobho ye-bimetal metallurgical clad eyenziwe ngokwezifiso - isebenzisa amandla entsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-CRA. Sisebenzela ioyile kunye negesi emanzini anzulu, amasimi omuncu aselunxwemeni, imibhobho ye-hydrogen kunye nezicelo ze-CCUS EOR kwihlabathi liphela.
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
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I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo lobuchwepheshe beepayipi ezibotshelelwe ngesinyithi, elixhasa iiprojekthi zotshintsho lwamandla abalulekileyo ngepayipi ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlala ixesha elide nezingabizi kakhulu.
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