1. I-Womic Steel: Amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla enkampani
I-Womic Steel Group isebenzisa imigca emininzi yemveliso ye-LSAW equka iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwakha kunye nezakhono ezikhethekileyo zodonga olunzima:
● Umgca we-JCOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-50.8mm. I-JCO yenziwe inyathelo ngenyathelo ngokwandiswa koomatshini. Ukusebenza kakuhle, ijikelezile kakuhle. Ifanelekile kakhulu kwiindlela ezininzi zokufaka ii-trunk line ezikwi-offshore.
●Umgca we-UOE:Kwiidayamitha ezingama-508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), ubukhulu bodonga bufikelela kwi-40mm. Ukwakha u-U emva koko ukwakha u-O kunye nokwandiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ukuchaneka kobukhulu obuphezulu (±0.2% OD), kukhethwa kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu kunye nenkonzo emuncu.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqekileyo (Umthungo Omnye):Kwiidayamitha ezingama-600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), ubukhulu bodonga buqala kwi-25mm ukuya kwi-70mm. Ipleyiti enye iqengqelwe kwisilinda ene-weld enye ende. Ilungele ubukhulu bodonga obunzima obungaphaya komthamo we-JCOE/UOE.
●Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Ophindwe Kabini):Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-50.8mm ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm, kusetyenziswa iipleyiti ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo ngobude. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipayipi ezininzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-arctic ezifuna ukuqina okukhulu.
Umthamo we-LSAW uwonke udlula iitoni ezingama-300,000 ngonyaka, kunye nemveliso ye-X52 ezinikeleyo edlula iitoni ezili-120,000 ngonyaka. I-Womic Steel ine-API 5L Monogram (Ilayisensi #API-5L-XXXX), i-ISO 9001, i-CE PED, kwaye ihlolwa rhoqo yi-ABS, i-DNV, i-TÜV, kunye ne-BV. Irekhodi yehlabathi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 aneepayipi ze-X52 ezingaphezu kwe-3,000 km ezibonelelweyo.
Ukuguquguquka kweMveliso:
●I-JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Ubunzima × ≤ 18m
●I-UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Ubunzima × ≤ 24m (ukwandiswa koomatshini kuphucula ukujikeleza)
●Ipleyiti eqengqelekayo (umthungo omnye): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m (ubunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-25 ngejoyinti)
●Ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo ophindwe kabini): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Ubunzima × ≤ 12m
Zonke iipayipi zinokubonelelwa nge-PWHT (unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda) ukuze kusetyenziswe udonga oluqinileyo okanye olumuncu. Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi lufumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi--60°C kwiiprojekthi ze-arctic.
2. I-API 5L X52: Ukwakhiwa kwezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza
I-API 5L X52 yenye yezona zigaba zemibhobho yomgca ezichazwe kakhulu zokuhanjiswa kweoyile kunye negesi kuxinzelelo oluphakathi ukuya koluphezulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngamandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-360 MPa (52,200 psi) kunye namandla okutsalwa angama-460 MPa (66,700 psi), i-X52 inika amandla aphezulu angama-47% kune-GR.B, ivumela ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga ngama-25-30% kuvavanyo olufanayo loxinzelelo. Igama elithi "X" libonisa umbhobho womgca onamandla aphezulu, kwaye "52" imele amandla amancinci okuvelisa kwi-ksi.
Ulwakhiwo lweeKhemikhali (Uhlalutyo lweeLadle, ubuninzi be-% ngobunzima):
| I-elementi | I-API 5L X52 PSL1 (ubuninzi %) | I-API 5L X52 PSL2 (ubuninzi %) |
| C | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 1.40 | 1.40 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
I-PSL2 ifuna i-carbon equivalent (CEV) ≤ 0.43% ukuze kuphuculwe ukuwelda kwiimeko zentsimi. I-Microalloying ene-Nb, V, Ti inika ukucocwa kweenkozo kunye nokomeleza imvula.
Iipropati zoomatshini (Ubushushu begumbi):
| Ipropati | I-API 5L X52 PSL1 | I-API 5L X52 PSL2 |
| Amandla Okuvelisa (umzuzu) | I-360 MPa (52,200 psi) | 360–530 MPa |
| Amandla okuThamba (umzuzu) | I-460 MPa (66,700 psi) | 460–760 MPa |
| Ukwandiswa (umzuzu) | 21% (kwigeyiji engama-50mm) | 21% |
| Ubunzima (ubuninzi) | Ayichazwanga ngqo | 90 HRB |
| Ukuqina kwempembelelo (umzuzu) | Ayifuneki | 27 J @ 0°C (ukhetho -20°C, -40°C, -60°C) |
Thelekisa ne-GR.B kunye ne-X65:
| Ibanga | I-MPa yemveliso | I-MPa ethambileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| GR.B | 245 | 415 | Ukusasazwa kwamanzi/igesi okuqhelekileyo |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Imigca yemithwalo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, elunxwemeni/elunxwemeni |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, amanzi anzulu, i-arctic |
3. Ukuthobela uLuhlu lweeDimensional kunye neMigangatho
| Into | Inkcazo |
| Umgangatho | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (kwakhona ISO 3183 L360) |
| Iinkqubo zoMveliso | I-JCOE, i-UOE, ipleyiti eqengqekileyo (umthungo omnye/ophindwe kabini) |
| Uluhlu lweDayamitha yangaphandle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Uluhlu Lobukhulu Bodonga | I-JCOE/UOE: 5.0mm – 50.8mm; Ipleyiti eqengqelekayo: 25mm – 70mm (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm ngokwezifiso) |
| Uluhlu lobude | Umgangatho: 6m, 12m, 18m; Yandisiwe: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m (JCOE/UOE) okanye i-12m (udonga olunzima olujikeleziweyo) |
| Isiphelo Sokugqiba | Isiphelo esicacileyo (PE), Isiphelo esijijekileyo (BE) nge-API nganye yi-5L (i-bevel engama-30°, ubuso obuqhelekileyo beengcambu yi-1.6mm) |
| Umphezulu Ukugqiba | Ayinanto, itshiziweyo ngeoyile, i-3LPE, i-3LPP, i-FBE, i-Coal Tar Epoxy, i-Liquid Epoxy |
| Ukunyamezelana | I-OD: ±0.5% okanye ±3.2mm (nokuba yeyiphi na engaphantsi); Ubunzima: -0% / +15%; Ubude: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha ezikhoyo – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X52 LSAW (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obukhethiweyo)
| OD (mm) | Iinketho ze-WT (mm) | Inkqubo | Ubunzima obumalunga (kg/m2) | Ubude obuqhelekileyo | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | I-JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Ukusasazwa kwegesi |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | I-JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Ukuqokelela igesi |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Imigca yeoyile ekrwada |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | I-UOE | 98.6 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Imigca yemithwalo yegesi |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | I-UOE | 148.0 – 319.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu |
| 711 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | JCOE/UOE | 172.9 – 429.4 | 12m / 18m | Imigca yesiqu seoyile |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0 | I-JCOE | 246.7 – 579.8 | 12m / 18m | Igesi enqumla ilizwe |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0 | I-JCOE | 310.8 – 759.2 | 12m / 18m | Imigca ephambili yesiqu |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo | 394.6 – 963.9 | 12m | Igesi enomthamo ophezulu |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Iipayipi zaselwandle |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | Iqengqelekile (inye) | 875.1 – 1,692.5 | 12m | Izinyuko zamanzi anzulu |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | Iqengqelekile (kabini) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lweArctic/ |
*Iipayipi zodonga ezinzima (≥ 32mm) zifuna i-PWHT ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kunye nokuhlangabezana nemida yobunzima ukuze kusebenzeke kakuhle. Udonga oluqinileyo i-X52 lusetyenziswa rhoqo ekufakweni kwamanzi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-25-35 MPa.*
5. Imigangatho Eqhelekileyo kunye namaBanga – Umbhobho woMgca we-LSAW kunye noMbhobho woLwakhiwo
| Umgangatho | Amanqanaba eNsimbi | Isicelo esiqhelekileyo | Inkqubo Yokwenza |
| I-API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70 | Ukuhanjiswa kweoyile/igesi | I-JCOE/UOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| I-API 5L PSL2 (emuncu) | X52, X65 | Inkonzo emuncu (H₂S) | I-UOE + i-PWHT |
| I-ASTM A53 | GR.B | Imibhobho yoxinzelelo oluphantsi | I-JCOE |
| I-ASTM A106 | GR.B/C | Ubushushu obuphezulu | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| EN 10217-1 | S235JR, S275JR | Iityhubhu zoxinzelelo | I-JCOE |
| EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Amacandelo ezakhiwo | I-JCOE/Eqengqiweyo |
| I-DNV-OS-F101 | I-L360 (X52) | Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle | I-UOE |
| BS 7191 | I-L360 (X52) | Ulwakhiwo lwaselwandle | I-UOE/Iqengqelwe |
| I-NORSOK M-120 | X52 | Imibhobho yeqonga laselwandle | I-UOE |
Isishwankathelo sokusetyenziswa:Imigca yeoyile/igesi ekude, uthumelo lwegesi olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho engaselunxwemeni, inkonzo emuncu, ukufakwa kwamanzi, imibhobho ye-arctic, imibhobho yesitishi se-compressor, ukufakelwa kwezakhiwo zamaqonga aselunxwemeni.
6. Iinkqubo zoMveliso – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Rolled Plate) yeX52 Steel Pipe
I-Womic Steel ikhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kububanzi, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye neemfuno zepropathi yoomatshini. Zonke iinkqubo ziquka ulawulo oluqinileyo lokufaka ubushushu ukugcina iipropathi ze-X52 ezixutywe kancinci.
Inkqubo ye-JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, 6.0–50.8mm WIT):
● Ukusika umphetho wepleyiti (i-X okanye i-J bevel) ngokuchanekileyo ± 0.5mm
● Ukugoba kwangaphambili (ukugoba) imiphetho ukuya kwi-radius yobukhulu bepleyiti eyi-1.5x
● Ukwakheka kobume buka-J (ukucinezela nge-punch) – i-1/3 yokuqala yomjikelezo
● Ukwakheka kobume buka-C (uthotho lweedayi) – isiqingatha sesibini sesiqingatha somjikelezo
● Ukwakheka komfanekiso we-O (isilinda yokugqibela) – ukuvala umthungo
● Ukuwelda ngeetack (ukufaka ii-spot tacks rhoqo nge-300mm ecaleni komthungo)
● I-SAW yangaphakathi (i-single okanye i-multi-wire, i-heat input ilawulwa ukuya kwi-≤ 3.5 kJ/mm)
● Ukusika umqolo (i-air carbon arc okanye ukugaywa) ukuze kungene ngokupheleleyo
● I-SAW yangaphandle (ii-multi-pass zeendonga ezityebileyo, ijongwa ngokufakwa kobushushu)
● Ukwandiswa koomatshini (1–1.5% OD iyanda, iphucula ukujikeleza ukuya kwi-±0.3%)
● Ifanelekile kwiindlela ezininzi zokufaka ii-trunk line ezikwi-offshore
Inkqubo ye-UOE (508–1,220mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● U-press wenza ipleyiti ibe yi-U-shape (amandla eetoni ezingama-2000-4000)
● I-O-press ivala ibe yi-cylindrical (amandla eetoni ezingama-3000-6000)
● Isandisi (soomatshini) ukuya kububanzi bokugqibela kunye nokujikeleza (amacandelo andayo angama-48-72)
● Ukuwelda okufana neJCOE kodwa kunomthamo ophezulu (umbhobho o-1 kwimizuzu emi-3-4)
● Ikhethwa kakhulu kwiipayipi zamanzi anzulu kunye nenkonzo emuncu ngenxa yokuba ijikelezile kakhulu (±0.2% OD) kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi olushiyekileyo
● Ukuma okuphantsi kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuthembekileyo kwe-buckle arrester
Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (Umthungo Omnye) woDonga Olunzima (600–1,600mm OD, 25–70mm WIT):
● Ipleyiti yentsimbi enye iqengqelwa kwisilinda kusetyenziswa umatshini wokugoba onemiqolo emi-4
● Ukuqengqeleka inyathelo ngenyathelo: ukuqengqeleka kwangaphambili, ukuqengqeleka okungacwangciswanga, ukuqengqeleka kokugqiba (ngesiqhelo ukupasa okungu-15-20)
● Umthungo we-longitudinal odityaniswe nge-SAW (ubuncinane iipasi ezi-3: ingcambu, ukuzalisa, isiciko)
● Akukho kwandiswa koomatshini (ukujikeleziswa okufezekisiweyo ngokuchaneka kokuqengqeleka, okuqhelekileyo ± 0.5%)
● Ifanelekile kwiipayipi eziqinileyo zodonga apho izixhobo ze-JCOE/UOE zilinganiselweyo
● Ifuna i-PWHT (ukunciphisa uxinzelelo) ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwama-32mm ukuze luhlangabezane neemfuno zobunzima
Ipleyiti Eqengqelekayo (I-Double Seam) Yodonga Olunzima Kakhulu / Ububanzi Obukhulu Kakhulu (1,000–2,000mm OD, 25–80mm WIT):
● Iipleyiti ezimbini ziqengqelwe kwisiqingatha seesilinda zaza zadityaniswa kwimithungo emibini emide
● Isetyenziselwa imibhobho ye-manifold enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, iipenstocks, kunye nemibhobho ye-arctic
● Zonke ii-welds zihlolwe nge-100% UT kunye ne-RT
● I-PWHT iyimfuneko kuzo zombini ii-longitudinal seams
Unyango Lobushushu Emva Kokushintshwa Kwesinyithi (PWHT):Ukuba udonga lunobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-32mm okanye xa lusetyenziswa njenge-sour service (H₂S), i-Womic inika unyango lokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubushushu kwi-oven engaphantsi kwemoto (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12m ubude) okanye kusetyenziswa i-induction heating kwiipayipi ezinde. Ubushushu bokuntywila buyi-580-620°C kangangeyure e-1 ngobukhulu obuyi-25mm. Ubunzima emva kwe-PWHT bulawulwa bube yi-≤ 90 HRB (okanye ≤ 248 HV10). Ukuba lusetyenziswa njenge-sour service, injongo eqhelekileyo yi-≤ 85 HRB ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
Ubuchule bokushushu okuphantsi:Kwiiprojekthi ze-arctic, iWomic inokubonelela nge-X52 ngovavanyo lweCharpy kwi--46°C (ubuncinane be-27J, i-80-120J eqhelekileyo) kunye ne-DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) kunye nendawo yokucheba ≥ 85% kwi--20°C.
7. Iinkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho kunye noVavanyo lwePipe yeNsimbi ye-API 5L X52 LSAW
| Iqonga | Indlela yokuhlola | Injongo | Inkqubo Esebenzayo |
| Ipleyiti | Uhlalutyo lweeKhemikhali (OES) | Qinisekisa imida yokwakheka kwe-X52 | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | I-Ultrasonic (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lamination) | Fumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Ukutsalwa / Ukugoba | Ukuqinisekiswa koomatshini | Konke |
| Ipleyiti | Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bengqolowa (ASTM E112) | Qinisekisa ulwakhiwo oluxutywe nge-microalloy | I-X52 PSL2 |
| Ngexesha lokwakheka | Ubukhulu (ububanzi, ukujiya) | Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyafana | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-UT ezenzekelayo eyi-100% (okanye i-PAUT ene-TOFD) | Fumanisa ukungabikho kwe-fusion, i-slag, i-porosity | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | RT (ichaphaza eli-10-100% xa kuthelekiswa) | Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho we-Weld | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | I-MPI (iinzwane kunye ne-HAZ) | Imingxunya yomphezulu | Konke |
| Umthungo wokuwelda | Indlela yokuqina (i-weld, i-HAZ, i-BM) | Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkonzo emnandi | I-PSL2 / i-mur |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (nge-API 5L nganye) | Ukunyaniseka koxinzelelo (85-100% SMYS) | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi | I-PSL2 kuphela |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ubunzima (HRB/HV10) – amanqaku ama-3 | Ukuthobela imithetho yenkonzo eyomileyo | I-PSL2 / i-mur |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Ukugoba okukhokelwayo / ukuThatyathwa | Ubuchule | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | Okubonakalayo kunye nokumakisha | Imeko yomphezulu, ukulandeleka | Konke |
| Umbhobho ogqityiweyo | I-DWTT (ukhetho) | Ulawulo lokusasazeka kwamathambo aqhekekileyo | IArctic/emuncu |
Ukhetho lwenkonzo ebalulekileyo:
● I-HIC nganye kwi-NACE TM0284 (Isisombululo A okanye B, iiyure ezingama-96) – kwinkonzo emuncu
● I-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0177 (Indlela A, iiyure ezingama-720) – kwimeko-bume ye-H₂S
● Impembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi kwi -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, okanye -60°C
● I-DWTT kwi -20°C okanye ngaphantsi ukuze kulungiswe ulwakhiwo lokunqandwa kwamathambo
● Imephu epheleleyo yobunzima becandelo elinqamlezileyo (umgca ophakathi we-weld, i-HAZ, isinyithi esisisiseko)
● Ijika lotshintsho lweCVN (Charpy) ukusuka kwi -60°C ukuya kwi +20°C
Uvavanyo lwe-CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) kwii-riser zase-offshore
8. Izicelo eziphambili – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X52 LSAW
●Imigca yemithwalo yeoyile emide– Ukuthutha ioyile ekrwada ukusuka emasimini ukuya kwiindawo zokucocisa (uxinzelelo oluya kuthi ga kwi-10 MPa)
●Ukuhanjiswa kwegesi yendalo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu– Imigca yepetroli enqumla ilizwe (uxinzelelo oluya kuthi ga kwi-12 MPa)
● Iipayipi zaselwandle– Imigca yokuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi kolwandle kunye nemigca yokuthumela ngaphandle (inkqubo ye-UOE ikhethwayo xa ijikelezile)
● Iipayipi zenkonzo emuncu– Ioyile negesi ezine-H₂S (i-PSL2 enovavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC, kusetyenziswa i-PWHT)
● Imigca yokufaka amanzi– Ukubuyiswa kweoyile okuphuculweyo, uxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-35 MPa (ipleyiti enzima eqengqelekayo eludongeni)
● Imibhobho yeArctic– Iindawo ezihlala zingumkhenkce ezineemfuno zobushushu obuphantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi -46°C
● Imibhobho yecompressor kunye nesitishi sepompo– Imibhobho yesitishi esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu eneziphelo ezijijekileyo
● Izinyusi zeplatifomu zangaphandle– Izinyusi ezinamandla ezifuna uvavanyo lwe-CTOD kunye noyilo lokudinwa
● Ukwakhiwa kweengqumba zamaqonga angaphandle kolwandle– Iinqwaba zeziseko ezithwele umthwalo omkhulu emanzini anzulu
● Iipenstock zezityalo ezisebenzisa umbane– Udonga olunzima, ububanzi obukhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu
9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa – Ipayipi yentsimbi ye-API 5L X52 LSAW
Ukupakisha:
● Iidayamitha ezincinci (≤ 24″): Iibhanti ezineehexagonal, intsimbi ebotshelelwe ngezikhuseli ezisemaphethelweni (iibhanti ezi-3-5 ngebhanti nganye)
● Ububanzi obukhulu (> 24″): Imibhobho nganye, yahlulwe yi-dunnage yomthi kunye nee-raber pads (ubuncinci iindawo ze-dunnage ezi-2 ngombhobho ngamnye)
● Izigqubuthelo zokugqibela: Izigqubuthelo zeplastiki okanye zentsimbi ezinzima (izigqubuthelo ezibhityileyo zikhuselwe kwiingozi kunye nenkunkuma)
● Ukhuseleko lokugquma: Kwimibhobho egqunywe nge-3LPE/FBE, iiringi zefoam okanye amaphepha erabha phakathi kweeleya ukuthintela ukukrazuka ngexesha lokuhamba kwemithambo yegazi
● Izikhuseli zemisonto (ukuba iziphelo zemisonto zichaziwe): Izikhuseli zemisonto zeplastiki okanye zesinyithi
Iindlela zokuthumela:
● Iinqanawa ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-500 okanye ububanzi obukhulu (ukulayisha ngqo ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwinqanawa)
● Izikhongozeli ezingama-20ft/40ft zobubanzi obuncinci (zihlanganiswe, ubuninzi beetoni ezingama-25 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye)
● Iirakhi ezisicaba okanye izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo zobude obude kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m)
● Izithwali ezinkulu ezine-stowage ekhethekileyo (kusetyenziswa i-dunnage kunye ne-lashing)
● Uthutho lwezithuthi zikaloliwe kwiindawo ezivaliweyo (ukusuka kwizibuko laseTianjin okanye eShanghai ukuya kwi-Inner Mongolia, eKazakhstan, eMongolia)
Amaxwebhu aqukwe kuyo yonke into ethunyelwayo:
● Isatifikethi sovavanyo lweMill (EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 okanye 3.2 xa luceliwe)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic (enedatha yoxinzelelo, ubude, kunye nokwanda)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (ukuwelda kunye nomzimba nge-100%, kubandakanya nendawo enesiphako ukuba ikhona)
● Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweRadiographic (ukuba ichaziwe, kunye nefilimu okanye imifanekiso yedijithali)
● Ingxelo yoHlolo lweeDimensional (OD, WT, ubude, ovality, tye)
● Isatifikethi sokugquma (ukuba sigqunywe: ubukhulu, ukunamathela, uvavanyo lweholide)
● Ingxelo yokuchonga izinto ezilungileyo (PMI)
● Uluhlu lokuPakisha (kunye namanani eepayiphu kunye nobunzima)
● Uluhlu lwee-invoyisi zoRhwebo kunye noLuhlu lokuPakisha
● Isatifikethi semvelaphi (ngesiqhelo eTshayina, kodwa ingakhupha i-COO ifomu E, ifomu F, njl.njl.)
● Iphepha leempahla (umthwalo wolwandle) okanye i-Air Waybill (umthwalo womoya weesampuli ezingxamisekileyo)
10. Iingenelo zeWomic Steel kunye neFAQ – API 5L X52 LSAW Steel Pipe
Kutheni iWomic Steel isetyenziswa kwi-X52 LSAW?
● Iinkqubo ezintathu ezincedisayo (i-JCOE, i-UOE, ipleyiti eqengqekileyo) ezigubungela ububanzi obuyi-219–1,600mm
● Amandla odonga oluqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70mm (umthungo omnye) okanye i-80mm (umthungo ophindwe kabini) wokufaka umfutho ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-arctic
● Umthamo wesithando se-PWHT: ubude be-12m × ububanzi be-3m, kunye nokufudumeza okufakwe kwimibhobho emide
● Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi oluya kuthi ga kwi -60°C (umgangatho we-arctic X52)
● Inkonzo emnandi eqinisekisiweyo ngovavanyo lwe-HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● I-API 5L Monogram + CE + ukuhlolwa komntu wesithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
● Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo: Iintsuku ezingama-30-45 ze-X52 PSL1 eqhelekileyo, iintsuku ezingama-45-60 ze-PSL2 sour service
● Ubude obude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24m kunciphisa ukuwelda kwe-field birth nge-30-40% (i-12m eqhelekileyo vs 18m vs 24m)
● Ukulandelelana okugcweleyo ukusuka kwinombolo yobushushu bepleyiti ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo (inombolo yobushushu efakwe kwipayipi nganye)
● Iipayipi ze-X52 ezingaphezu kwe-3,000 km zibonelelwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye azinawo umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho:
Q: Yintoni umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-X52 PSL1 kunye ne-PSL2 kwipayipi ye-LSAW?
A: I-PSL2 inemida eqinileyo yokwakheka kweekhemikhali (i-C, i-P, i-S ephantsi), ubulukhuni obunyanzelekileyo beCharpy (ubuncinci be-27J @ 0°C okanye ngaphantsi), imida yobunzima obukhulu (90 HRB), kwaye ifuna i-NDT eqinileyo ngakumbi (100% UT xa kuthelekiswa ne-UT ye-spot ye-PSL1). Kwimibhobho yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inkonzo eselunxwemeni, okanye emuncu, i-PSL2 iyimfuneko. Kwimigca yamanzi okanye ioyile enoxinzelelo oluphantsi, i-PSL1 iyamkeleka kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela nge-X52 ngovavanyo lwempembelelo yobushushu obuphantsi kwiiprojekthi ze-Arctic?
A: Ewe. Sibonelela nge-X52 PSL2 ngovavanyo lweCharpy kwi -46°C (ubuncinane be-27J) kunye ne-DWTT kwi -20°C (ubuncinci be-85% yendawo yokucheba). Sinikezele nge-arctic grade X52 kwiiprojekthi zaseKhanada naseRashiya. Nceda ucacise ubushushu kunye namandla ovavanyo olufunekayo xa ubuza.
Q: Bungakanani ubukhulu bodonga obuphezulu onokubuvelisa kwi-X52 LSAW?
A: Inkqubo ye-JCOE max 50.8mm, inkqubo ye-UOE max 40mm, umthungo omnye wepleyiti eqengqiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70mm, umthungo ophindwe kabini wepleyiti eqengqiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80mm. Ukuze udonga lube nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-50.8mm, i-PWHT iyimfuneko. Kutshanje sinikezele nge-X52 1,600mm OD × 70mm WT kwiprojekthi yokufaka amanzi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu e-Oman.
Q: Ulawula njani ubulukhuni benkonzo ye-X52 sour?
A: Silawula ukwakheka kweekhemikhali (i-CEV ≤ 0.40% yenkonzo emuncu, engaphantsi kwe-0.43%) eqhelekileyo, silawula ukufakelwa kobushushu ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-SAW (≤ 3.0 kJ/mm), kwaye sisebenzise i-PWHT kubukhulu bodonga ≥ 20mm. Ubunzima emva kwe-PWHT buhlala buyi-78-85 HRB kwisinyithi esisisiseko kunye ne-82-88 HRB kwi-weld. Sinikezela ngamaxwebhu apheleleyo ohambo lobunzima.
Q: Ngaba nibonelela ngohlolo lomntu wesithathu kwiipayipi ze-X52 LSAW?
A: Ewe. Sisebenza ne-SGS, i-BV, i-TÜV, i-DNV, i-ABS, kunye ne-LR. Uhlolo lungenziwa kumzi-mveliso wethu ngexesha lokuveliswa, lubonwa ngummeli womthengi okanye yiarhente yomntu wesithathu. Sikhupha izatifikethi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 xa ziceliwe.
Q: Lingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa umbhobho we-X52 LSAW?
A: Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokufumana i-oda: iintsuku ezingama-30-45 kwi-PSL1, iintsuku ezingama-45-60 kwi-PSL2 enovavanyo lwenkonzo emuncu. Ii-oda ezikhawulezayo (iintsuku ezingama-20-30) zinokwenzeka kwinani elincinci (<500 tons). Kwii-oda ezinkulu kakhulu (>10,000 tons), ixesha lokufumana i-oda linokufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-75 kuxhomekeke ekubeni ipleyiti ikhona na.
Q: Ngaba ungabonelela nge-X52 nge-3LPE coating kunye ne-concrete weight coating kwiipayipi zaselwandle?
A: Ewe. Sibonelela nge-3LPE coating ngokwe-ISO 21809 (ubukhulu obupheleleyo be-2.5-3.5mm) kwaye sinokulungelelanisa i-concrete weight coating (ubukhulu be-40-120mm, ubuninzi be-2,400-3,050 kg/m³) kwiyadi yethu ye-coating eTianjin. Sinikezele nge-X52 efakwe kwi-offshore coating kwiiprojekthi zaseVietnam, eIndonesia, naseMiddle East.
Isalathiso seProjekthi – Umbhobho wokuthumela iOyile eKrwada eMpuma Afrika
Ilizwe:I-Uganda / iTanzania (Umbhobho we-oyile ekrwada eMpuma Afrika – EACOP)
Imigangatho kunye neBanga:I-API 5L X52 PSL2 (inkonzo emuncu, enovavanyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC)
Ubukhulu kunye nobungakanani:
● OD 610mm (24″) × Ubunzima 12.7mm – 48,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni eziyi-7,200) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × Ubunzima 15.9mm – 12,000 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-2,400) ezenziwe ngenkqubo ye-UOE (udonga olutyebileyo lokuwela imilambo)
● OD 914mm (36″) × Ubunzima 19.0mm – 8,500 yeemitha (malunga neetoni ezingama-3,400) ezenziwe yinkqubo ye-JCOE yemigca yokudlula kwisitishi sokumpompa
Isimbuku:Iimitha ezingama-68,500 (68.5 km), malunga neetoni ezili-13,000
Iinkcukacha:Ingubo yangaphandle ye-3LPE (ubude obupheleleyo be-3.0mm) ngokwe-ISO 21809, iziphelo ezibengezelayo ezingama-30° / 1.6mm ubuso beengcambu, uvavanyo lwe-hydro kwi-11.5 MPa (uxinzelelo loyilo yi-8.5 MPa). Impembelelo yeCharpy enyanzelekileyo kwi-0°C (ubuncinci be-27J, ifikelelwe kwi-85-120J). I-HIC ngokwe-NACE TM0284 Isisombululo A, iiyure ezingama-96 – ukwamkelwa: I-CLR ≤ 5%, i-CTR ≤ 1.5%, i-CSR ≤ 0.5%. I-SSC ngokwe-NACE TM0177 Indlela A, iiyure ezingama-720 – akukho kuqhekeka kuvunyelweyo. I-PWHT isetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke iipayipi ezine-WT ≥ 15.9mm.
Isicelo:Umbhobho wokuthumela ioyile ekrwada ukusuka e-Uganda evaliweyo (ummandla waseHoima) ukuya kwizibuko laseTanzania eTanga kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Ubude bombhobho bubonke yi-1,443 km. I-Womic Steel inikezele nge-68.5 km iyonke, kuquka iindawo ezinqumla kwiindawo zezilwanyana zasendle ezinobuthathaka kunye neendawo ezinkulu zokuwela imilambo.
Imingeni yoBugcisa kunye neZisombululo:
● Ukuthobela imithetho yenkonzo engentle ye-oyile eluhlaza ene-H₂S– I-crude yase-Uganda ine-H₂S enyibilikisiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 ppm kunye nomxholo wamanzi. Uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwe-HIC kunye ne-SSC belufuneka. I-Womic yenze uvavanyo lokufaneleka kwiindawo ezili-15 zemveliso. Zonke ziphumelele nge-CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% kwi-HIC. Uvavanyo lwe-SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) alubonisanga ukuqhekeka komphezulu. Sifezekise oku ngokugcina i-CEV ≤ 0.38% (ngaphantsi komda we-PSL2 we-0.43%) kunye nokusebenzisa i-PWHT kuzo zonke iipayipi ezingaphezulu kwe-12.7mm WT, nangona i-API 5L ingagunyazisi i-PWHT ngaphantsi kwe-25.4mm. Umhloli womthengi (SGS) ubone lonke uvavanyo.
● Imida yokusingqongileyo kwindawo yezilwanyana zasendle– Lo mbhobho udlula kwiindawo ezimbini zelizwe zokugcina izilwanyana. Umonakalo wokwaleka ngexesha lokufakwa kuya kuba nzima ukuwulungisa ngenxa yokungena okulinganiselweyo. I-Womic ifake umaleko we-polyethylene (ongaphezulu kwe-0.5mm phezu kwe-3LPE eqhelekileyo) njenge-overcoat engagugiyo. Sikwabone i-100% yexesha lokuphumla kwi-7kV (eqhelekileyo yi-5kV) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho xesha lokwaleka. Amandla okukrazula avavanyiwe kwi-250 N/cm kwi-25°C, 150 N/cm kwi-70°C.
● Ukuwela umlambo okufuna udonga olutyebileyo– Iindawo ezintlanu ezinkulu zokuwela umlambo (ii-Nile ributari) zazifuna ubunzima obuyi-15.9mm endaweni ye-12.7mm ukuze kubekho ukumelana okongezelelekileyo kokuwa kunye nokuvumela ukugoba ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-sagbend. Kule mibhobho yodonga ityebileyo, sisebenzise inkqubo ye-UOE ukuze sijikeleze ngcono (±0.2% OD) ukuqinisekisa ukuwelda okuthembekileyo kwe-field girth kwiindawo zokuwela. I-Ovality ilinganiswe kwi-0.15-0.18%, ngaphantsi kakhulu komda we-0.5%.
● Uhambo olude lokuhamba emhlabeni– Iipayipi zathunyelwa ukusuka eShanghai ukuya kwizibuko laseDar es Salaam (eTanzania), zaza zathunyelwa ngeelori ezili-1,200 km ukuya kwindawo yokuhambisa imibhobho yaseUganda. Iimeko zendlela entshona yeTanzania ziquka iindawo ezingagayiwanga. IWomic yayile isicwangciso sokuthumela esikhethekileyo: ubude obuziimitha ezili-12 kuphela (akukho zidibanisi ezili-18m kwicandelo laseUganda) ukuze zilingane neelori eziqhelekileyo ezineebhedi ezisicaba. Ipayipi nganye yayibotshelelwe nganye nganye ngeeslings ezifakwe ipadi. Sibonelele ngemizobo yokulayisha kunye noqeqesho kwinkampani yelori yasekuhlaleni. Akukho payipi yonakeleyo ngexesha lohambo oluziikhilomitha ezili-1,200 emhlabeni.
● Uxwebhu oluqinileyo kunye nokulandeleka– Le projekthi ifune izatifikethi ze-EN 10204 Type 3.2 kwinombolo nganye yobushushu, enokulandelelana okugcweleyo ukusuka kwipleyiti ukuya kumbhobho ogqityiweyo. I-Womic yabela umlawuli woxwebhu ozinikeleyo owalandela yonke imibhobho engama-68.5 km. Umbhobho ngamnye wawunesitampu senombolo yobushushu, inombolo yombhobho, kunye nee-GPS coordinates zemveliso. Iqela le-QA lomthengi lihlolisise indawo yethu kabini ngexesha lemveliso; zombini ezi ngxelo ziphumelele ngaphandle kokuhambelana.
Isiphumo:Umbhobho we-Oyile eKrwada eMpuma Afrika (i-EACOP) ucwangciselwe ukugqitywa koomatshini kwikota yesibini ka-2025. Iitoni ezili-13,000 zeWomic Steel zemibhobho ye-X52 PSL2 zaziswa kwiinyanga ezi-8 (ukuthunyelwa kokuqala ngo-Okthobha 2023, ukuthunyelwa kokugqibela ngoMeyi 2024). Zonke iipayipi ziphumelele ukuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu yi-SGS Tanzania. Umthengi (iqela leenkampani zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe) ukhuphe ileta yokuncoma ulawulo lomgangatho lweWomic kunye nokuhanjiswa ngexesha. IWomic ngoku ngumthengisi ofanelekileyo wokwandiswa kwemibhobho kwixesha elizayo kulo mmandla.
Qhagamshelana:
Iwebhusayithi: www.womicsteel.com
I-imeyile: sales@womicsteel.com
Ucingo / WhatsApp / WeChat:
UVictor: +86 15575100681
UJack: +86 18390957568
I-Womic Steel – Iqabane lakho elithembekileyo lemibhobho ye-API 5L X52 LSAW yemigca yeoyile negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inkonzo emuncu, imibhobho ye-arctic, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwandle kwihlabathi liphela.
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