Isishwankathelo seMveliso - Umngeni we-EAF Slag Pot
An Imbiza ye-slag ye-EAF(okanyeiladle yeslag yesithando somlilo se-arc yombane) ayilohlobo nje oluncinci lwembiza yokuguqula i-BOF. Isebenza phantsi kweseti eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo yezinto ezibangela uxinzelelo ezenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zifunwa kakhulu kwi-mill yentsimbi.
Izitofu zombane ze-arc zivelisa i-slag ngamanani amaninziImizuzu engama-45–90– rhoqo ii-heat ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngosuku. Umjikelo ngamnye ubandakanya:
1. Ukuzalisakunye ne-slag enyibilikisiweyo kwi-1,600–1,700°C (kuquka amaconsi esinyithi)
2. Ukubambangelixa imbiza ithuthwa inqumla umgangatho ongalinganiyo
3. Ukulahla inkunkumangokuthambekela kwekreyini, ngamanye amaxesha kuchaphazela umphetho womngxuma weslag
4. Ukupholisa umoyaukuya ngaphantsi kwama-300°C ngaphambi kokuzaliswa okulandelayo - oko kubangela ukuba kube nzima kakhuluukothuka kobushushu
5. Ngokungafaniyo neembiza ze-BOF slag ezihlala zifumana i-slag enye ngeshifti nganye, iimbiza ze-EAF zinokusetyenziswaukufudumeza nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezingama-20 ngeminiOlu jikelezo lobushushu oluhamba rhoqo lukhokelelaukudinwa okushushu– imo yokusilela #1 kwiimbiza ze-slag ze-EAF.
Ukongeza, ikhemistri ye-slag ye-EAF iyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kumgangatho wezinto ezilahliweyo, izongezo ze-alloy, kunye nendlela yokucokisa. I-slag inokuba ** ilula kakhulu** (i-CaO ephezulu, inamathelayo) okanyei-asidi(i-SiO₂ ephezulu, ulwelo). Nganye ifuna iprofayili yangaphakathi eyahlukileyo kunye nempendulo yezinto ezibonakalayo.
I-Womic Steel iye yaphuhliswaIimbiza ze-slag ezilungiselelwe i-EAFezijongana neengongoma ezintathu zentlungu:
●Ukudinwa okushushu– isonjululwe ngentsimbi entle + unyango lobushushu olupholisayo olulawulwayo
●Ukuqandisa i-slag– isonjululwe nge-contour yangaphakathi ene-patent ephindwe kabini kunye ne-anti-stick coating
●Umonakalo woomatshini kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma– isonjululwe ngerim eqinisiweyo kunye nesimo esifunxa impembelelo
Kutheni Ukhetha Intsimbi Yomzimba Kwimbiza Yakho Ye-EAF Slag?
| Uphawu | Inzuzo ethile ye-EAF |
| Intsimbi ye-Nb-V Microalloyed | Izixa ezincinci zemida ye-niobium kunye ne-vanadium pin grain, oku kubambezela ukuqaliswa kokuqhekeka kokudinwa kobushushu. Kungqinwe ukuba kwandisa imijikelo ukuya ekusileleni nge-70% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo. |
| Ukucima okukhawulezileyo + okunomoya ophantsi | Emva kokuzincamathisela umoya, umoya onyanzelisiweyo (hayi umoya oqinileyo) udala isakhiwo esincinci se-pearlite+bainite - ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu noxinzelelo lobushushu. |
| Isitya Sangaphakathi Esinomqolo Ophindwe Kabini | Ithambeka eliphezulu liyi-12°, ithambeka elisezantsi liyi-8°, kunye nendawo ethe nkqo eyi-150mm ethe nkqo kwindawo yokuthepha. Ixesha lokukhululwa kwe-slag lincitshiswe ngama-40% kwiimvavanyo zasentsimini. |
| ** Isigqubuthelo seCeramic esingenakunamathela (Ngaphakathi)** | Ingubo ye-alumina-silicate enamacandelo amabini efakwe ubukhulu obuyi-3mm, imelana nokunamathela kwe-slag esisiseko. Ixesha lokuphinda isetyenziswe lidlula iinyanga ezili-12. |
| Ukhetho lweTrunnion oluQhelekileyo | Kwiimbiza ezinobunzima obungaphezu kweetoni ezingama-50, singabonelela ngee-trunnion ezidityanisiweyo nezihlanganisiweyo ngokwahlukeneyo (ezitshixiweyo ngoomatshini + ii-welds ezingene ngokupheleleyo) ukuze zihlale ixesha elide lokudinwa. |
| I-FEA eguquguqukayo enokulayisha uHlobo loBushushu | Silinganisa imijikelo eli-1,000 ye-800°C ΔT (ukufudumeza i-300°C→1,600°C, ukupholisa i-1,600°C→300°C) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuqaliswa kokuqhekeka. Ingxelo ifakiwe. |
| Uyilo Lokwandiswa Kobushushu Obuphantsi | Ubungakanani bodonga obulungiselelweyo kunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kwindawo ephezulu yomphetho - indawo eqhelekileyo yokuqhekeka. |
| Ujongano oluthile lwe-EAF Make | Senza ngokwezifiso umda ophezulu wembiza ukuze uvumelane nokuvulwa kocango lwe-slag yesitofu sakho kunye ne-tapping spout geometry - akukho kutshiza okanye ukuchitheka. |
Sikwabonelela ngeInkqubo yokuhlola isithuthi seembiza ze-slag– siqeqesha abasebenzi bakho ukuba basebenze kwi-UT yangaphakathi, kwaye sitshintsha ii-pot kumjikelo ocwangcisiweyo, sinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga.
Iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha – Imbiza yeSlag elungiselelwe i-EAF
Uluhlu Lomthamo Olucetyiswayo lweeSayizi eziQhelekileyo ze-EAF
| Umthamo oQokelelweyo we-EAF (iitoni) | Umthamo weSlag ngobushushu (iitoni) | Ubungakanani bembiza obucetyiswayo (iitoni) | Ubunzima bembiza (iitoni) | Imijikelo Yemihla ngemihla (eqhelekileyo) |
| 60 | 12–18 | 15–20 | 12–18 | 15–20 |
| 80 | 16–24 | 20–30 | 18–26 | 15–20 |
| 100 | 20–30 | 30–40 | 26–36 | 12–18 |
| 120 | 25–35 | 40–50 | 36–46 | 12–15 |
| 150 | 30–45 | 50–65 | 46–60 | 10–15 |
| 180 | 40–55 | 65–80 | 60–75 | 8–12 |
Umthamo wembiza kufuneka ube yi-1.2–1.5 × umthamo we-slag ukuvumela i-slag ekhupha igwebu ngaphandle kokugcwala.
Amanqanaba ezinto ezichazwe kwi-EAF
| Ibanga | Isakhiwo esincinci | Ukumelana nokudinwa yiThermal | Eyona ilungileyo kwi |
| I-ZG270-500 Iguquliwe (Nb 0.03%, V 0.05%) | I-ferrite/i-pearlite ecolekileyo | +++ | I-EAF Jikelele, ingabizi kakhulu |
| I-GS-20Mn5 (1.1120) | I-martensite ethambileyo + i-bainite | ++++ | I-EAF enamandla aphezulu enemijikelo emininzi/ngemini |
| I-ASTM A27 65-35 Mod (kunye neCu+Ni) | I-martensite ecinyiweyo nepholileyo | ++++ | Intsimbi engenasici i-EAF (i-slag ebolayo) |
| 1.6220 (16MnCr5) | Ityesi yeCarburised + isiseko esiqinileyo | +++++ | Inkonzo egqithisileyo >iibhayisekile ezingama-20/ngemini |
Ingcebiso yethu:Kwiizicelo ezininzi ze-EAF,I-GS-20Mn5 + icinyiwe kwaye ithambileibonelela ngebhalansi engcono kakhulu yeendleko, ukumelana nokudinwa kubushushu, kunye nokulungiswa.
Iimpawu zobukhulu obuthile be-EAF
| Uphawu | Imfuneko ye-EAF | Uyilo lweNsimbi yeWomic |
| Ukuphakama kweRim ePhezulu | Kufuneka ibe sezantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze ilingane phantsi kocango lwenkunkuma kodwa iphakame ngokwaneleyo ukuze ingangeni emanzini | Umphetho ongaphambili owandisiweyo (icala lokuthepha) 100mm ngaphezulu komphetho ongasemva |
| I-Trunnion Tilt Angle | Ukuthambekela kwe-45° ukuze kukhutshwe yonke into | I-axis ye-trunnion ibekwe ecaleni kwe-50mm ukuya ekuthululeni imilebe – iyazikhupha ngokwayo |
| Imilo Esezantsi | Ikhonikhi ye-EAF slag enamathelayo | Ikhowuni ye-apex eyi-120° ene-radius engama-50mm encamini - isusa isithende esimdaka |
| IiLugs zokuphakamisa | Iindawo zokuphakamisa ezongezelelweyo zokulungisa | Iilugs ezine ezidibeneyo zeeslings zentambo |
| Umngxuma wokukhupha amanzi (ukhetho) | Ukukhupha intsalela ye-slag yolwelo ngaphambi kokuba iqine ngokupheleleyo | Ububanzi obuyi-50mm kunye neplagi enemisonto, ekwindawo ephantsi |
Idatha yoVavanyo lokudinwa bubushushu (eyenziwe ngokulinganisa)
| Ipharamitha | Ixabiso |
| Umgangatho wovavanyo | I-Womic yangaphakathi (isekelwe kwi-ASTM E606) |
| ΔT ngomjikelo ngamnye | 1,300°C (300°C → 1,600°C → 300°C) |
| Bamba ixesha kubushushu obuphezulu | imizuzu eli-10 |
| Indlela yokupholisa | Umoya onyanzelisiweyo (ukulinganisa imeko yomgangatho yokwenyani) |
| Iibhayisekile ukuya kwi-1mm crack (intsimbi eqhelekileyo eyenziwe ngesinyithi) | ~1,500 imijikelo |
| Iibhayisekile ezifikelela kwi-1mm crack (i-Womic EAF-grade) | ~3,200 imijikelo |
| Uphuculo | + 113% |
Ulawulo loMgangatho we-EAF Slag Pot - Ukuqinisekiswa koBuchule bokuHamba ngeBhayisikile
Ngaphaya kwe-NDT eqhelekileyo, senza umsebenziuvavanyo lomjikelo wobushushu otshabalalisayokwiisampuli zenqaku lokuqala. Ikhuphoni yovavanyo encinci (unyango olufanayo lobushushu) ifakwa kwimijikelo yobushushu ekhawulezileyo kwi-oven yethu yelebhu. Imingxunya ilinganiswa nge-dye penetrant rhoqo emva kwemijikelo engama-500. Uvavanyo luyapheliswa xa ubude bomngxunya budlula i-3mm. Inani lemijikelo efunyenweyo liyarekhodwa kwaye liqinisekisiwe ukuba liyahlangabezana neemfuno zakho ezincinci (ngesiqhelo imijikelo engama-2,500).
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo oluphathelele kwi-EAF:
Imephu ye-ultrasonic yobukhulu bodonga– sivelisa imephu yobukhulu obunemibala yembiza yonke, sigqamisa naziphi na iindawo ezingaphantsi kwenani.
Ukuhlolwa kwerediyasi yengcambu yeTrunnion– sisebenzisa igeyiji ye-contour eyenzelwe wena, siqinisekisa i-radius = 50mm min.
Ukuthe tye komphetho– emva konyango lobushushu, silinganisa ukuba umphetho uthe tyaba; ukuphambuka okungu-≤5mm kuqinisekisa ukulingana ngokufanelekileyo nocango lwe-slag.
Inkqubo yoMveliso – Ukuphoswa kweMijikelo yoMsebenzi we-EAF
1. Ubunjineli Besiko– Sihlalutya i-EAF yakho: indlela yokwenza, indlela yokucofa, ubuncinci be-slag, imijikelo ngosuku, umthamo we-crane, kunye noyilo lomgangatho.
2. Ukulinganisa uMjikelo woBushushu be-FEA– Ii-virtual cycles ezili-1,000 zichonga iindawo ezishushu; songeza iimbambo okanye sitshintsha ubukhulu ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ipateni eneProfayili ye-EAF– Kubandakanya irim engaphambili ephakanyisiweyo kunye nendawo yokunqunyulwa kwesiqu engalinganiyo.
4. Intsimbi ecocekileyo kakhulu– EAF + LF + VD + igesi engasebenziyo egqunywe yigesi. Ithagethi S<0.012%, P<0.015%, H<2ppm.
5. Ukuphosa Omnye– Iimbiza ezidityanisiweyo + iitrunnions (okanye iitrunnions ezidityanisiweyo ezahlukeneyo ngeetoni ezingaphezu kwama-50).
6. Ukuqina okuLawulwayo– Ukusebenzisa izinyusi ze-exothermic kuphela kwiindawo ezixineneyo; kubanda kufutshane neendawo ezidibana kuzo ii-trunnion ukuze kuthintelwe ukushwabana.
7. Unyango lobushushu– Ucinyiwe (umoya onyanzelisiweyo) + Umoya othambileyo → isakhiwo esincinci se-bainitic.
8. I-UT yokuqala kunye ne-MT– Yala nayiphi na imbiza eneziphene ezithe tyaba >2mm.
9. Isitya Sangaphakathi Somatshini– Umatshini wokulungisa i-CNC we-contour ye-slope ephindwe kabini.
10.Faka i-Anti-Stick Coating– Iileya ezimbini zeseramikhi, i-2.5–3.0mm DFT iyonke, zinyibilikisiwe kwi-350°C.
11.I-NDT yokugqibela (i-Phased Array UT)– Gxila kwiindawo zotshintsho.
12.Uvavanyo loMthwalo (ukhetho)– Ngengqina, kusetyenziswa iseli yomthwalo elinganisiweyo kumthamo olinganiselweyo we-1.25×.
Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa kweembiza ze-EAF Slag
Iimbiza ze-EAF zihlala zincinci kuneembiza ze-BOF kodwa ziziswa ngobuninzi obuphezulu. Sinikezela ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
●Uyilo olunokuqiniswa– ngezixhobo zokwahlula-hlula ezenziwe ngomthi, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimbiza ezi-3 zingafakwa kwisikhongozeli esinye esingange-40ft (konga iindleko zokuthutha).
●Izinto zokuthintela inkunkuma zentsimbi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso– kwiimbiza ezininzi ezithunyelwayo, ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
●Ixesha lokufumana inqaku lokuqala– Iiveki ezili-16 (kubandakanya uvavanyo lwepateni kunye nokuqinisekiswa).
●Ixesha lokukhokela kwimveliso yeqela– Iiveki ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10 zeeyunithi ezongezelelweyo.
Izifundo zeTyala ezigxile kwi-EAF
Ityala 1: 80t EAF, iMini-Mill yaseMexico – Ukupheliswa kokudinwa okushushu
Ingxaki:Iimbiza zangaphambili zazihlala iinyanga ezili-9 (malunga nemijikelo engama-4,500) emva koko zavela imifantu yeradial kumphetho.
Isisombululo:I-Womic inike iimbiza ze-GS-20Mn5 ezinesakhiwo esicinyiweyo nesithambileyo, iprofayili yangaphakathi ethambekileyo kabini, kunye nophahla oluchasene nokunamathela.
Isiphumo:Emva kweenyanga ezili-14 (imijikelo engama-7,200), akukho miqhekeko ibonakalayo. Iodolo yesibini yeembiza ezili-12 ibekwe.
Ityala lesi-2: 150t DC EAF, iSouth Korean Stainless Mill – I-Slag Egqwalisayo Kakhulu
Ingxaki:I-slag ephezulu ye-Cr2O3 ityiwe kwiimbiza zesiqhelo kwiinyanga ezi-6.
Isisombululo:I-ASTM A27 65-35 eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ene-Cu (0.5%) kunye ne-Ni (1.0%) eyongeziweyo, kunye ne-ceramic coating kumphezulu ongaphakathi uphela.
Isiphumo:Ubomi benkonzo buye banda ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-18 – 3x ngaphambili. Iimbiza ezigqunyiweyo zikwanciphise ixesha lokuqandisa inkunkuma ngama-50%.
Ityala lesi-3: 60t EAF, i-Indian Foundry – Ukucofa rhoqo (ukufudumeza okungaphezu kwama-20 ngosuku)
Ingxaki:Iimbiza ziqhekekile zingadlulanga iinyanga ezi-3 ngenxa yokungoneli kwexesha lokupholisa phakathi kwemijikelo.
Isisombululo:Imbiza eyilwe ngokutsha eneendawo ezincinci zodonga (40mm vs 60mm) kunye neembambo zokupholisa zangaphandle ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukusasazwa kobushushu. Kongezwe nengcebiso yesikhululo sokupholisa umoya onyanzelisiweyo.
Isiphumo:Ukuqhekeka kulibaziseke ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-10. Ubunzima obuphantsi bembiza bukwanciphise ukuguguleka nokukrazuka kwekreyini.
Izicelo – Apho Iimbiza Ze-EAF Zingabalulekanga Khona
●Iivenkile ze-EAF zentsimbi yekhabhoni(iimveliso ezinde, iiflethi)
●Ukunyibilika kwentsimbi engenasici ye-EAF(inkunkuma edlaka kakhulu)
●Iifurni ze-arc zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye nentsimbi yesixhobo
●Izitofu ze-arc ze-Foundry(ukuphoswa kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi)
●Ukwenza isinyithi esenziwe nge-sponge / DRI(i-slag ephezulu ye-FeO2)
●Izityalo zokuphinda zisebenzise uthuli ze-EAF(ukubuyiswa kwezinki kuthuli lwe-EAF)
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ) – EAF Specific
Q: Ndingazi njani ukuba i-EAF yam idinga imbiza ekhethekileyo ye-slag?
A: Ukuba usebenzisa iiheat ezingaphezu kwe-10 ngosuku okanye ufumana imingxunya kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 kwiimbiza eziqhelekileyo, udinga uyilo olulungiselelwe i-EAF. Kwakhona, ukuba ubona i-slag inamathela kakhulu okanye ifuna ukuqhekeka ngesandla, iprofayili yethu yokulwa nokunamathela iya kunceda.
Q: Ndingayisebenzisa imbiza efanayo ye-slag kwi-BOF nakwi-EAF?
A: Akukhuthazwa – iimbiza ze-EAF zenzelwe ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, iindonga ezincinci, kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zokunamathela kwi-slag. Ukusebenzisa iimbiza ze-BOF kwi-EAF kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwangethuba; ukusebenzisa iimbiza ze-EAF kwi-BOF kunokuzitshisa kakhulu. Sebenzisa rhoqo iimbiza ezinikezelweyo.
Q: Ingaba ninikezela ngeenkqubo zokuxhasa ngemali okanye zokutshintshiselana ngemali?
A: Ewe – sinembiza yeslag njengemodeli yenkonzo: uhlawula ngetoni yentsimbi eveliswayo, kwaye sinazo kwaye sizigcina iimbiza. Ubuncinane iminyaka emi-5 yokuzibophelela. Cela iinkcukacha.
Q: Ingakanani ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokugquma i-anti-stick?
A: Phantsi kwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-EAF (i-slag esisiseko, imijikelo eli-15 ngosuku), ugqubuthelo luhlala iinyanga ezili-9-12. Ugqubuthelo lungenziwa kwisityalo sakho ziingcali zethu (okanye sinikezela ngezixhobo zogqubuthelo). Ixabiso lokutshintsha ugqubuthelo limalunga ne-15% yexabiso elitsha lembiza.
Q: Ungayilungisa njani imeko yokutshintshwa kwembiza xa isitya sitshitsha ngequbuliso?
A: Sigcina isitokhwe esincinci se-buffer (iimbiza ezi-2-4) ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-EAF kwindawo yethu yokugcina impahla. Kubathengi abanesivumelwano senkonzo, sithutha impahla ngenqwelo moya zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-72.
Q: Ungazifaka na izixhobo zokuvavanya ubushushu embizeni?
A: Ewe – singazifaka iipokotho ze-thermocouple (ukuya kuthi ga kwiindawo ezi-4) nge-Inconel sheathing. Iisensors zingaqhagamshelwa kwimonitha ephathekayo okanye zidityaniswe ne-DCS yesityalo sakho.
Q: Yintoni imfuneko yokugqitywa komphezulu ukuze kunamathele i-EAF slag?
A: Isitya sangaphakathi kufuneka sifakwe kwi-Ra ≤ 6.3 μm. Iindawo ezifakwe kwi-as-cast zikhuthaza ukunamathela. Uyilo lwethu olunemiqolo emibini kunye nomatshini wokulungisa izinto ezincinci lunciphisa ukunamathela kakhulu.
Q: Ndingayicoca njani imbiza ye-slag ukuba i-slag ibanda ngaphakathi?
A: Ungaze usebenzise ukubethela ngoomatshini ngqo eludongeni lwembiza – oku kubangela imingxunya. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa i-oxygen lancing ukusika umjelo, uze ufudumale imbiza ngokulinganayo. Ukwaleka kwethu okuchasene nokunamathela kunciphisa ukuqandisa.
Ukulungele Ukuphucula Ukuphathwa Kwe-EAF Slag Yakho?
Nxibelelana neWomic Steel ukuze ufumaneuvavanyo lokudinwa kwe-thermal yasimahlakwiimbiza zakho ze-slag zangoku – siza kucebisa utshintsho kuyilo kwaye siqikelele ixesha elinokwenzeka lokwandiswa kwenkonzo.
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